【持续更新中】Unity常见问题及其解决

导出游戏时需要选择空的文件夹

否则会出现以下错误：

CS0103错误：使用的变量名或者方法名并不存在于当前上下文中

错误： error CS0103: The name ‘gameobject’ does not exist in the current context
解决： 脚本中获取游戏对象使用gameObject。

注：Debug.Log(“”);表示调试时输出引号中的内容。

CS1061错误: 尝试调用方法或访问不存在的类成员

错误： error CS1061: ‘Vector2’ does not contain a definition for ‘X’ and no accessible extension method ‘X’ accepting a first argument of type ‘Vector2’ could be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?)
解决： 脚本中获取游戏对象的位置使用x、y、z。

①请确保正确输入了成员名。
②如果有权修改此类，则可以添加缺少的成员并实现它。
③如果没有修改此类的权限，则可以添加扩展方法。

Unity怎么点都没反应：可能是进入了死循环

问题： Unity怎么点击都没反应，但又不是卡住了，考虑可能是代码写的不当，出现了死循环代码。
解决： 先用任务管理器将Unity关闭，再仔细检查代码，确定逻辑无误后再调试运行。

CS0428错误: 类型转换错误

检查代码或者使用强制转换。

CS1656错误: 无效赋值错误

检查代码的赋值是否正确。

NullReferenceException：空指针错误，Object并没有作为一个对象的实例

错误：NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object
解决：对象需要实例化后才能使用。
深刻的教训：有次为了图方便，对象名是复制的，多复制了一个空格，导致一直报没有实例化的错误，找了两天才找到。இ௰இ

UnassignedReferenceException: 变量未被赋值错误

错误：UnassignedReferenceException: The variable XXXX of XXXXX has not been assigned.
解决：脚本中写明该变量为public，而在Inspector窗口中却未给其赋值，在Inspector窗口赋值即可。

场景不能加载问题

错误：Scene ‘WhacAMole’ couldn’t be loaded because it has not been added to the build settings or the AssetBundle has not been loaded.
To add a scene to the build settings use the menu File->Build Settings…
解决：选择 File->Build Settings->Add open scenes

IndexOutOfRangeException: 数组下标越界问题

错误：IndexOutOfRangeException: Index was outside the bounds of the array.
解决：限制数组索引，使其不要越界。

ArgumentException: 要实例化的对象是空的

错误：ArgumentException: The Object you want to instantiate is null.
解决：在Inspector或Scripts中引用要实例化的对象。

ArgumentOutOfRangeException: 超出索引

错误：ArgumentOutOfRangeException: Index was out of range. Must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection.
解决：注意访问集合元素时，索引是否超出了范围。

CS0108警告: 变量声明与基类有相同的名字

错误：warning CS0108: ‘MouseDrag.camera’ hides inherited member ‘Component.camera’. Use the new keyword if hiding was intended.

解决一：在变量声明处添加new关键字。

解决二：改变变量的名字避免产生混淆。

InvalidCastException: 强制转换异常

错误：InvalidCastException: Specified cast is not valid.
解决：Unity中AudioSource使用Resources.Load()方法加载。

FormatException: 输入的字符串格式有误

错误：FormatException: Input string was not in a correct format.
解决：检查读取到的值的格式。

StackOverflowException: 请求的操作导致堆栈溢出

错误：StackOverflowException: The requested operation caused a stack overflow.
解决：检查程序中是否存在递归调用，导致程序卡死。

InvalidOperationException: 输入系统包设置问题

错误：InvalidOperationException: You are trying to read Input using the UnityEngine.Input class, but you have switched active Input handling to Input System package in Player Settings.
解决：点击菜单栏的Edit->Project Settings…->Player->Other settings，将active lnput handling选项设置为Both即可。

在场景中有多个音频监听器

提示：There are 2 audio listeners in the scene. Please ensure there is always exactly one audio listener in the scene.
解决：一般新创建一个场景后，在Main Camera中都有一个Audio Listener组件，用于监听场景中是否有音频的播放。如果需要场景中的音乐不随场景的切换而重置，需要场景中只有一个Audio Listener，删除一个即可。

父物体设置不成功

错误：Setting the parent of a transform which resides in a Prefab Asset is disabled to prevent data corruption (GameObject: ‘AudioCube’).

//加载预制体
GameObject audioCube = Resources.Load<GameObject>("AudioCube");
 //初始化预制体
GameObject gameObject = Instantiate(audioCube, new Vector3(1, 0, 0), Quaternion.identity);
//设置父物体
audioCube.transform.SetParent(AudioCubes.transform);

预想将使用预制体audioCube实例化的物体的父物体设置为AudioCubes，如上方法会导致设置不成功。
解决：
使用Instantiate的重载方法直接把物体的父物体设置好就不会有如上问题：

//加载预制体
GameObject audioCube = Resources.Load<GameObject>("AudioCube");
//初始化预制体
GameObject gameObject = Instantiate(audioCube, new Vector3(1, 0, 0), Quaternion.identity,AudioCubes.transform);

Component GUI Layer in Main Camera for Scene Test.unity is no longer available：不再支持场景Test.unity中挂载在Main Camera上的组件GUI Layer

错误：Component GUI Layer in Main Camera for Scene Test.unity is no longer available.
解决：将Main Camera上的Flare Layer组件移除即可。

The namespace ‘global namespace’ already contains a definition for ‘Test’：项目资源中存在和Test重复名称的脚本被调用

错误：The namespace ‘global namespace’ already contains a definition for ‘Test’.
解决：找到相同名字的脚本，修改其中一个即可。

PrecompiledAssemblyException: 在当前平台包含多个同名 Test.dll 的预编译程序集，每个平台只允许一个具有相同名称的程序集

错误：PrecompiledAssemblyException: Multiple precompiled assemblies with the same name Test.dll included or the current platform. Only one assembly with the same name is allowed per platform.
解决：找到重复的另一个Test.dll，删除掉即可。

CS0656错误: 缺少编译器要求的成员“Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.CSharpArgumentInfo.Create”

错误：error CS0656:Missing compiler required member ‘Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.CSharpArgumentInfo.Create’.
原因：在net core使用动态类型dynamic。
解决：
1.不用dynamic类型。
2.在使用的地方添加一个dll，Microsoft.CSharp，或者用NuGet添加Microsoft.CSharp即可。
在Visual Studio中打开NuGet包管理器，搜索Microsoft.CSharp后点击安装。

无法正确读取资源的GUID

错误：Could not extract GUID in text file XXX at line XXX.
解决：重置项目资源的GUID

1. 菜单栏->Edit->ProjectSettings->左侧Editor菜单栏，右侧找到Asset Serialization，将其Mode设置为Force Text：
   
2. 在Project面板的Assets目录下新建一个名为Editor的目录，在其中新建一个UnityGuidRegeneratorMenu脚本，写入如下代码，注意其中的路径需要修改成自己需要重置GUID的文件夹目录

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using UnityEditor;
 
namespace UnityGuidRegenerator {
    public class UnityGuidRegeneratorMenu {
        [MenuItem("Tools/Regenerate asset GUIDs")]
        public static void RegenerateGuids() {
            if (EditorUtility.DisplayDialog("GUIDs regeneration",
                "You are going to start the process of GUID regeneration. This may have unexpected results. \n\n MAKE A PROJECT BACKUP BEFORE PROCEEDING!",
                "Regenerate GUIDs", "Cancel")) {
                try {
                    AssetDatabase.StartAssetEditing();
 
                    string path = Path.GetFullPath(".") + Path.DirectorySeparatorChar + "Assets/_Game";//要更新guid的文件夹
                    UnityGuidRegenerator regenerator = new UnityGuidRegenerator(path);
                    regenerator.RegenerateGuids();
                }
                finally {
                    AssetDatabase.StopAssetEditing();
                    EditorUtility.ClearProgressBar();
                    AssetDatabase.Refresh();
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    internal class UnityGuidRegenerator {
        private static readonly string[] kDefaultFileExtensions = {
            // "*.meta",
            // "*.mat",
            // "*.anim",
            // "*.prefab",
            // "*.unity",
            // "*.asset"
            "*.*"
        };
 
        private readonly string _assetsPath;
 
        public UnityGuidRegenerator(string assetsPath) {
            _assetsPath = assetsPath;
        }
 
        public void RegenerateGuids(string[] regeneratedExtensions = null) {
            if (regeneratedExtensions == null) {
                regeneratedExtensions = kDefaultFileExtensions;
            }
 
            // Get list of working files
            List<string> filesPaths = new List<string>();
            foreach (string extension in regeneratedExtensions) {
                filesPaths.AddRange(
                    Directory.GetFiles(_assetsPath, extension, SearchOption.AllDirectories)
                    );
            }
 
            // Create dictionary to hold old-to-new GUID map
            Dictionary<string, string> guidOldToNewMap = new Dictionary<string, string>();
            Dictionary<string, List<string>> guidsInFileMap = new Dictionary<string, List<string>>();
 
            // We must only replace GUIDs for Resources present in Assets. 
            // Otherwise built-in resources (shader, meshes etc) get overwritten.
            HashSet<string> ownGuids = new HashSet<string>();
 
            // Traverse all files, remember which GUIDs are in which files and generate new GUIDs
            int counter = 0;
            foreach (string filePath in filesPaths) {
                EditorUtility.DisplayProgressBar("Scanning Assets folder", MakeRelativePath(_assetsPath, filePath), counter / (float) filesPaths.Count);
                string contents = File.ReadAllText(filePath);
                
                IEnumerable<string> guids = GetGuids(contents);
                bool isFirstGuid = true;
                foreach (string oldGuid in guids) {
                    // First GUID in .meta file is always the GUID of the asset itself
                    if (isFirstGuid && Path.GetExtension(filePath) == ".meta") {
                        ownGuids.Add(oldGuid);
                        isFirstGuid = false;
                    }
                    // Generate and save new GUID if we haven't added it before
                    if (!guidOldToNewMap.ContainsKey(oldGuid)) {
                        string newGuid = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N");
                        guidOldToNewMap.Add(oldGuid, newGuid);
                    }
 
                    if (!guidsInFileMap.ContainsKey(filePath))
                        guidsInFileMap[filePath] = new List<string>();
 
                    if (!guidsInFileMap[filePath].Contains(oldGuid)) {
                        guidsInFileMap[filePath].Add(oldGuid);
                    }
                }
 
                counter++;
            }
 
            // Traverse the files again and replace the old GUIDs
            counter = -1;
            int guidsInFileMapKeysCount = guidsInFileMap.Keys.Count;
            foreach (string filePath in guidsInFileMap.Keys) {
                EditorUtility.DisplayProgressBar("Regenerating GUIDs", MakeRelativePath(_assetsPath, filePath), counter / (float) guidsInFileMapKeysCount);
                counter++;
 
                string contents = File.ReadAllText(filePath);
                foreach (string oldGuid in guidsInFileMap[filePath]) {
                    if (!ownGuids.Contains(oldGuid))
                        continue;
 
                    string newGuid = guidOldToNewMap[oldGuid];
                    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(newGuid))
                        throw new NullReferenceException("newGuid == null");
 
                    contents = contents.Replace("guid: " + oldGuid, "guid: " + newGuid);
                }
                File.WriteAllText(filePath, contents);
            }
 
            EditorUtility.ClearProgressBar();
        }
 
        private static IEnumerable<string> GetGuids(string text) {
            const string guidStart = "guid: ";
            const int guidLength = 32;
            int textLength = text.Length;
            int guidStartLength = guidStart.Length;
            List<string> guids = new List<string>();
 
            int index = 0;
            while (index + guidStartLength + guidLength < textLength) {
                index = text.IndexOf(guidStart, index, StringComparison.Ordinal);
                if (index == -1)
                    break;
 
                index += guidStartLength;
                string guid = text.Substring(index, guidLength);
                index += guidLength;
 
                if (IsGuid(guid)) {
                    guids.Add(guid);
                }
            }
 
            return guids;
        }
 
        private static bool IsGuid(string text) {
            for (int i = 0; i < text.Length; i++) {
                char c = text[i];
                if (
                    !((c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
                      (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z'))
                    )
                    return false;
            }
 
            return true;
        }
 
        private static string MakeRelativePath(string fromPath, string toPath) {
            Uri fromUri = new Uri(fromPath);
            Uri toUri = new Uri(toPath);
 
            Uri relativeUri = fromUri.MakeRelativeUri(toUri);
            string relativePath = Uri.UnescapeDataString(relativeUri.ToString());
 
            return relativePath;
        }
    }
}

3. 这时，返回Unity，等待编译一段时间后，可以发现菜单栏多出了一个Tool菜单，选中下面的Regenerate asset GUIDs，就可以对选定文件夹下资源的GUID进行重置了。

Visual Scripting版本不兼容问题

警告：Inspectors are disabled when plugin versions mismatch to prevent data corruption

解决：Edit > Project Settings，左侧栏找到Visual Scripting，点击Generate按钮，如下图所示：

等待Unity编译完成即可。

Package Manager：A warning occurred: You do not have entitlements for this package.

该问题是已知bug并存在于一些版本之中，可以提交bug report让官方来修复该版本的问题。
其他解决方案：
1.重启Unity Editor（一般就可以解决）
2.右键点击Assets文件夹并选择reimport all
3.删除该项目文件夹下的Library文件夹后重新打开该项目
4.升级Unity Editor版本

编辑器布局无法完全加载问题

提示：The editor layout could not be fully loaded, this can happen when the layout contains EditorWindows not available in this project
UnityEditor.WindowLayout:LoadDefaultWindowPreferences()
解决：建立的项目名称是中文名，改成英文即可。

hierarchy栏目中的gameobject不能拖动到prefab上的脚本中

问题：当把prefab从当前scene中删除之后，再添加到另外一个scene中时，unity无法找到在第一个scene中添加的gameobject。
解决：把该gameobject也制成prefab，即可以让该gameobject成为prefab的孩子。

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没有显示在Console中的编译错误可能问题

• 函数引用没加()
• 用到了包，但是没有用using引用