yolov7自定义计算锚框

①yolov7的默认锚框

yolov7的默认锚框都在 .\cfg\training 的yaml文件里面，比如yolov7-tiny.yaml

# anchors
anchors:
  - [10,13, 16,30, 33,23]  # P3/8
  - [30,61, 62,45, 59,119]  # P4/16
  - [116,90, 156,198, 373,326]  # P5/32

其中， 每一行代表应用不同的特征图；一行最大，二行中等，三行最小。

②自定义锚框

yolov5和yolov7带有自适应锚框

具体代码在  ..\utils\autoanchor.py 文件里面，

代码如下：

1.训练时自动计算锚框：

def check_anchors(dataset, model, thr=4.0, imgsz=640):
    # Check anchor fit to data, recompute if necessary
    prefix = colorstr('autoanchor: ')
    print(f'\n{prefix}Analyzing anchors... ', end='')
    m = model.module.model[-1] if hasattr(model, 'module') else model.model[-1]  # Detect()
    shapes = imgsz * dataset.shapes / dataset.shapes.max(1, keepdims=True)
    scale = np.random.uniform(0.9, 1.1, size=(shapes.shape[0], 1))  # augment scale
    wh = torch.tensor(np.concatenate([l[:, 3:5] * s for s, l in zip(shapes * scale, dataset.labels)])).float()  # wh


    def metric(k):  # compute metric
        r = wh[:, None] / k[None]
        x = torch.min(r, 1. / r).min(2)[0]  # ratio metric
        best = x.max(1)[0]  # best_x
        aat = (x > 1. / thr).float().sum(1).mean()  # anchors above threshold
        bpr = (best > 1. / thr).float().mean()  # best possible recall
        return bpr, aat

    anchors = m.anchor_grid.clone().cpu().view(-1, 2)  # current anchors
    bpr, aat = metric(anchors)
    print(f'anchors/target = {aat:.2f}, Best Possible Recall (BPR) = {bpr:.4f}', end='')
    if bpr < 0.98:  # threshold to recompute
        print('. Attempting to improve anchors, please wait...')
        na = m.anchor_grid.numel() // 2  # number of anchors
        try:
            anchors = kmean_anchors(dataset, n=na, img_size=imgsz, thr=thr, gen=1000, verbose=False)
        except Exception as e:
            print(f'{prefix}ERROR: {e}')
        new_bpr = metric(anchors)[0]
        if new_bpr > bpr:  # replace anchors
            anchors = torch.tensor(anchors, device=m.anchors.device).type_as(m.anchors)
            m.anchor_grid[:] = anchors.clone().view_as(m.anchor_grid)  # for inference
            check_anchor_order(m)
            m.anchors[:] = anchors.clone().view_as(m.anchors) / m.stride.to(m.anchors.device).view(-1, 1, 1)  # loss
            print(f'{prefix}New anchors saved to model. Update model *.yaml to use these anchors in the future.')
        else:
            print(f'{prefix}Original anchors better than new anchors. Proceeding with original anchors.')
    print('')  # newline

其中的主要参数是 bpr和aat

其中bpr 参数就是判断是否需要重新计算锚定框的依据（是否小于 0.98）。

2.重新计算符合数据集的锚框代码如下：

def kmean_anchors(path='./data/coco.yaml', n=9, img_size=640, thr=4.0, gen=1000, verbose=True):
    """ Creates kmeans-evolved anchors from training dataset


        Arguments:
            path: path to dataset *.yaml, or a loaded dataset
            n: number of anchors
            img_size: image size used for training
            thr: anchor-label wh ratio threshold hyperparameter hyp['anchor_t'] used for training, default=4.0
            gen: generations to evolve anchors using genetic algorithm
            verbose: print all results


        Return:
            k: kmeans evolved anchors


        Usage:
            from utils.autoanchor import *; _ = kmean_anchors()
    """
    thr = 1. / thr
    prefix = colorstr('autoanchor: ')

    def metric(k, wh):  # compute metrics
        r = wh[:, None] / k[None]
        x = torch.min(r, 1. / r).min(2)[0]  # ratio metric
        # x = wh_iou(wh, torch.tensor(k))  # iou metric
        return x, x.max(1)[0]  # x, best_x


    def anchor_fitness(k):  # mutation fitness
        _, best = metric(torch.tensor(k, dtype=torch.float32), wh)
        return (best * (best > thr).float()).mean()  # fitness


    def print_results(k):
        k = k[np.argsort(k.prod(1))]  # sort small to large
        x, best = metric(k, wh0)
        bpr, aat = (best > thr).float().mean(), (x > thr).float().mean() * n  # best possible recall, anch > thr
        print(f'{prefix}thr={thr:.2f}: {bpr:.4f} best possible recall, {aat:.2f} anchors past thr')
        print(f'{prefix}n={n}, img_size={img_size}, metric_all={x.mean():.3f}/{best.mean():.3f}-mean/best, '
              f'past_thr={x[x > thr].mean():.3f}-mean: ', end='')
        for i, x in enumerate(k):
            print('%i,%i' % (round(x[0]), round(x[1])), end=',  ' if i < len(k) - 1 else '\n')  # use in *.cfg
        return k

    if isinstance(path, str):  # *.yaml file
        with open(path) as f:
            data_dict = yaml.load(f, Loader=yaml.SafeLoader)  # model dict
        from utils.datasets import LoadImagesAndLabels
        dataset = LoadImagesAndLabels(data_dict['train'], augment=True, rect=True)
    else:
        dataset = path  # dataset


    # Get label wh
    shapes = img_size * dataset.shapes / dataset.shapes.max(1, keepdims=True)
    wh0 = np.concatenate([l[:, 3:5] * s for s, l in zip(shapes, dataset.labels)])  # wh


    # Filter
    i = (wh0 < 3.0).any(1).sum()
    if i:
        print(f'{prefix}WARNING: Extremely small objects found. {i} of {len(wh0)} labels are < 3 pixels in size.')
    wh = wh0[(wh0 >= 2.0).any(1)]  # filter > 2 pixels
    # wh = wh * (np.random.rand(wh.shape[0], 1) * 0.9 + 0.1)  # multiply by random scale 0-1


    # Kmeans calculation
    print(f'{prefix}Running kmeans for {n} anchors on {len(wh)} points...')
    s = wh.std(0)  # sigmas for whitening
    k, dist = kmeans(wh / s, n, iter=30)  # points, mean distance
    assert len(k) == n, print(f'{prefix}ERROR: scipy.cluster.vq.kmeans requested {n} points but returned only {len(k)}')
    k *= s
    wh = torch.tensor(wh, dtype=torch.float32)  # filtered
    wh0 = torch.tensor(wh0, dtype=torch.float32)  # unfiltered
    k = print_results(k)

    # Plot
    # k, d = [None] * 20, [None] * 20
    # for i in tqdm(range(1, 21)):
    #     k[i-1], d[i-1] = kmeans(wh / s, i)  # points, mean distance
    # fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(14, 7), tight_layout=True)
    # ax = ax.ravel()
    # ax[0].plot(np.arange(1, 21), np.array(d) ** 2, marker='.')
    # fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(14, 7))  # plot wh
    # ax[0].hist(wh[wh[:, 0]<100, 0],400)
    # ax[1].hist(wh[wh[:, 1]<100, 1],400)
    # fig.savefig('wh.png', dpi=200)


    # Evolve
    npr = np.random
    f, sh, mp, s = anchor_fitness(k), k.shape, 0.9, 0.1  # fitness, generations, mutation prob, sigma
    pbar = tqdm(range(gen), desc=f'{prefix}Evolving anchors with Genetic Algorithm:')  # progress bar
    for _ in pbar:
        v = np.ones(sh)
        while (v == 1).all():  # mutate until a change occurs (prevent duplicates)
            v = ((npr.random(sh) < mp) * npr.random() * npr.randn(*sh) * s + 1).clip(0.3, 3.0)
        kg = (k.copy() * v).clip(min=2.0)
        fg = anchor_fitness(kg)
        if fg > f:
            f, k = fg, kg.copy()
            pbar.desc = f'{prefix}Evolving anchors with Genetic Algorithm: fitness = {f:.4f}'
            if verbose:
                print_results(k)

    return print_results(k)

对 kmean_anchors()函数中的参数做一下简单解释（代码中已经有了英文注释）：
🔆path：包含数据集文件路径等相关信息的 yaml 文件（比如 coco128.yaml）， 或者 数据集张量（yolov5 自动计算锚定框时就是用的这种方式，先把数据集标签信息读取再处理）
🔆n：锚定框的数量，即有几组；默认值是9
🔆img_size：图像尺寸。计算数据集样本标签框的宽高比时，是需要缩放到 img_size 大小后再计算的；默认值是640
🔆thr：数据集中标注框宽高比最大阈值，默认是使用 超参文件 hyp.scratch.yaml 中的 “anchor_t” 参数值；默认值是4.0；自动计算时，会自动根据你所使用的数据集，来计算合适的阈值。
🔆gen：kmean聚类算法迭代次数，默认值是1000
🔆verbose：是否打印输出所有计算结果，默认值是true。

不自动计算锚框可以在训练时设置 default=False

 parser.add_argument('--noautoanchor', action='store_true', help='disable autoan

③如果bpr小于0.98，没有自动计算锚框，可以手动计算锚框

新建一个py文件，手动计算锚框：

#  从utils.autoanchor 导入kmean_anchors函数
import utils.autoanchor as autoAnchor
 
'''
        path:  储存yaml文件路径，yaml文件中应包含数据集文件路径
          n :  生成锚框的数量
   img_size :  图片分辨率尺寸，需要将图片缩放到img_size大小尺寸后再进行锚框计算
        thr ：  数据集中标注框宽高比最大阈值，默认是使用 超参文件 hyp.scratch.yaml 中的 “anchor_t” 参数值；默认值是 4.0；自动计算时，会自动根据你所使用的数据集，来计算合适的阈值。
        gen ：  kmean 聚类算法迭代次数，默认值是 1000
    verbose ：  打印所有结果
'''
new_anchors = autoAnchor.kmean_anchors(path=r'D:\yolov7-main\data\K-means.yaml', n=12, img_size=640, thr=3, gen=1000, verbose=False)
print(new_anchors)

 

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