shufflenetv2替换YOLOv8主干

一、shufflenetv2简介
ShuffleNetV2是一种高效的卷积神经网络架构，用于图像分类和目标检测任务。其主要特点是在保持较高准确性的同时，显著减少了模型的计算和参数量。

ShuffleNetV2的核心思想是通过引入轻量级的通道重排(channel shuffle)操作，促使信息在网络中充分混合和传递，从而提高模型的表示能力。通道重排操作将输入特征图按通道数分组，并将这些组进行随机排列，然后再按顺序重新组合，从而打破了通道之间的信息孤岛，增加了特征图之间的交互。

此外，ShuffleNetV2还采用了逐通道的组卷积(depthwise conv)策略，将卷积操作分成多个较小的组，减少了计算成本。

ShuffleNetV2的设计灵感来自于传统的打牌方式中的洗牌操作，通过将特征图的通道进行重排和混合，从而实现了在较小的计算和参数开销下，保持较高的模型性能。这使得ShuffleNetV2成为一种理想的深度学习网络架构，适用于嵌入式设备和计算资源有限的场景。

如下为Channel Shuffle原理：

网络结构：


（a）（b）为ShuffleNet V1原理图，（c）(d)为ShuffleNet V2原理图（d为降采样层）

二、源代码

import torch
import torch.nn as nn


def channel_shuffle(x, groups):
    batchsize, num_channels, height, width = x.data.size()
    channels_per_group = num_channels // groups
    x = x.view(batchsize, groups, channels_per_group, height, width)
    x = torch.transpose(x, 1, 2).contiguous()
    x = x.view(batchsize, -1, height, width)
    return x


class CBRM(nn.Module):  # Conv BN ReLU Maxpool2d
    def __init__(self, c1, c2):
        super(CBRM, self).__init__()
        self.conv = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(c1, c2, kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1, bias=False),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(c2),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
        )
        self.maxpool = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)

    def forward(self, x):
        return self.maxpool(self.conv(x))


class Shuffle_Block(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, ch_in, ch_out, stride):
        super(Shuffle_Block, self).__init__()

        if not (1 <= stride <= 2):
            raise ValueError('illegal stride value')
        self.stride = stride

        branch_features = ch_out // 2
        assert (self.stride != 1) or (ch_in == branch_features << 1)

        if self.stride > 1:
            self.branch1 = nn.Sequential(
                self.depthwise_conv(ch_in, ch_in, kernel_size=3, stride=self.stride, padding=1),
                nn.BatchNorm2d(ch_in),

                nn.Conv2d(ch_in, branch_features, kernel_size=1, stride=1, padding=0, bias=False),
                nn.BatchNorm2d(branch_features),
                nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            )

        self.branch2 = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(ch_in if (self.stride > 1) else branch_features,
                      branch_features, kernel_size=1, stride=1, padding=0, bias=False),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(branch_features),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),

            self.depthwise_conv(branch_features, branch_features, kernel_size=3, stride=self.stride, padding=1),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(branch_features),

            nn.Conv2d(branch_features, branch_features, kernel_size=1, stride=1, padding=0, bias=False),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(branch_features),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
        )

    @staticmethod
    def depthwise_conv(i, o, kernel_size, stride=1, padding=0, bias=False):
        return nn.Conv2d(i, o, kernel_size, stride, padding, bias=bias, groups=i)

    def forward(self, x):
        if self.stride == 1:
            x1, x2 = x.chunk(2, dim=1)
            out = torch.cat((x1, self.branch2(x2)), dim=1)
        else:
            out = torch.cat((self.branch1(x), self.branch2(x)), dim=1)

        out = channel_shuffle(out, 2)

        return out

三、应用YOLOv8
3.1 block.py文件
在ultralytics/nn/modules/block.py中添加第二步的代码，然后在该文件最上方添加如下代码：

3.2 init.py 文件
在 ultralytics/nn/modules/init.py 文件中的两处位置分别添加如下代码，

3.3 task.py导入
在 ultralytics/nn/tasks.py 上方导入类名：

在parse_model类中，添加如下代码：

        elif m in [CBRM, Shuffle_Block]:
            c1, c2 = ch[f], args[0]
            if c2 != nc:
                c2 = make_divisible(min(c2, max_channels) * width, 8)
            args = [c1, c2, *args[1:]]

3.4 yolov8-ShuffleNetv2.yaml文件配置

# Parameters
nc: 80  # number of classes
scales: # model compound scaling constants, i.e. 'model=yolov8n.yaml' will call yolov8.yaml with scale 'n'
  # [depth, width, max_channels]
  n: [0.33, 0.25, 1024]  # YOLOv8n summary: 225 layers,  3157200 parameters,  3157184 gradients,   8.9 GFLOPs
  s: [0.33, 0.50, 1024]  # YOLOv8s summary: 225 layers, 11166560 parameters, 11166544 gradients,  28.8 GFLOPs
  m: [0.67, 0.75, 768]   # YOLOv8m summary: 295 layers, 25902640 parameters, 25902624 gradients,  79.3 GFLOPs
  l: [1.00, 1.00, 512]   # YOLOv8l summary: 365 layers, 43691520 parameters, 43691504 gradients, 165.7 GFLOPs
  x: [1.00, 1.25, 512]   # YOLOv8x summary: 365 layers, 68229648 parameters, 68229632 gradients, 258.5 GFLOPs

# YOLOv8.0n backbone
backbone:
  # [from, repeats, module, args]
  - [ -1, 1, CBRM, [ 32 ] ] # 0-P2/4
  - [ -1, 1, Shuffle_Block, [ 128, 2 ] ]  # 1-P3/8
  - [ -1, 3, Shuffle_Block, [ 128, 1 ] ]  # 2
  - [ -1, 1, Shuffle_Block, [ 256, 2 ] ]  # 3-P4/16
  - [ -1, 7, Shuffle_Block, [ 256, 1 ] ]  # 4
  - [ -1, 1, Shuffle_Block, [ 512, 2 ] ]  # 5-P5/32
  - [ -1, 3, Shuffle_Block, [ 512, 1 ] ]  # 6


# YOLOv8.0n head
head:
  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']]
  - [[-1, 3], 1, Concat, [1]]  # cat backbone P4
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [512]]  # 9

  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']]
  - [[-1, 2], 1, Concat, [1]]  # cat backbone P3
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [256]]  # 12 (P3/8-small)

  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 9], 1, Concat, [1]]  # cat head P4
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [512]]  # 15 (P4/16-medium)

  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]]  # cat head P5
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [1024]]  # 18 (P5/32-large)

  - [[12, 15, 18], 1, Detect, [nc]]  # Detect(P3, P4, P5)