【ONNX】使用 C++ 调用 ONNX 格式的 PyTorch 深度学习模型进行预测（Windows, C++, PyTorch, ONNX, Visual Studio, OpenCV）

1.安装依赖

要使用 ONNX 模型进行预测，就需要使用 onnx runtime
首先到 ONNX 官网查询所需的版本
这里使用的 Windows，同时装了 CUDA

下面的链接可以进入到安装网址
https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.OnnxRuntime.Gpu

安装命令为：

Install-Package Microsoft.ML.OnnxRuntime.Gpu -Version 1.12.0

首先打开 Visual Studio 2019
新建一个用于测试的项目
右键点击项目，可以看到 NuGet 的选项

进入后

输入 Microsoft.ML.OnnxRuntime.Gpu 进行搜索
然后进行安装

安装时间稍长，需要耐心等待
安装完成后显示如下：

2.导出 ONNX 格式的 PyTorch 模型

详细流程请见：
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42067550/article/details/126033748?spm=1001.2014.3001.5502

3.安装 Windows 平台 OpenCV

安装文件下载地址：
https://opencv.org/releases/

下载得到 opencv-4.6.0-vc14_vc15.exe 双击运行解压后即可

在 Visual Studio 项目中设置 OpenCV 路径

添加附加包含目录：

链接器：

添加附加库目录：

添加附加依赖项：


这里我们需要在 Debug x64 模式下测试，所以要用带有 d 的 lib 文件

找到 opencv_world453d.dll 文件
我自己的目录如下：
E:\OpenCV\opencv\build\x64\vc15\bin

将文件复制到 Visual Studio 项目的生成目录
我的设置目录供参考：
E:\OnnxTest\x64\Debug

这样 OpenCV 就设置完成了！

4.C++ 下 OpenCV 接口调用 ONNX 模型

测试图片：（图片来源为 PyTorch 官网）

测试代码如下：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <onnxruntime_cxx_api.h>
#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <opencv2/dnn.hpp>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    string labels[] = { "tench", "goldfish", "great white shark", "tiger shark", "hammerhead", "electric ray", "stingray", "cock", "hen", "ostrich", "brambling", "goldfinch", "house finch", "junco", "indigo bunting", "robin", "bulbul", "jay", "magpie", "chickadee", "water ouzel", "kite", "bald eagle", "vulture", "great grey owl", "European fire salamander", "common newt", "eft", "spotted salamander", "axolotl", "bullfrog", "tree frog", "tailed frog", "loggerhead", "leatherback turtle", "mud turtle", "terrapin", "box turtle", "banded gecko", "common iguana", "American chameleon", "whiptail", "agama", "frilled lizard", "alligator lizard", "Gila monster", "green lizard", "African chameleon", "Komodo dragon", "African crocodile", "American alligator", "triceratops", "thunder snake", "ringneck snake", "hognose snake", "green snake", "king snake", "garter snake", "water snake", "vine snake", "night snake", "boa constrictor", "rock python", "Indian cobra", "green mamba", "sea snake", "horned viper", "diamondback", "sidewinder", "trilobite", "harvestman", "scorpion", "black and gold garden spider", "barn spider", "garden spider", "black widow", "tarantula", "wolf spider", "tick", "centipede", "black grouse", "ptarmigan", "ruffed grouse", "prairie chicken", "peacock", "quail", "partridge", "African grey", "macaw", "sulphur-crested cockatoo", "lorikeet", "coucal", "bee eater", "hornbill", "hummingbird", "jacamar", "toucan", "drake", "red-breasted merganser", "goose", "black swan", "tusker", "echidna", "platypus", "wallaby", "koala", "wombat", "jellyfish", "sea anemone", "brain coral", "flatworm", "nematode", "conch", "snail", "slug", "sea slug", "chiton", "chambered nautilus", "Dungeness crab", "rock crab", "fiddler crab", "king crab", "American lobster", "spiny lobster", "crayfish", "hermit crab", "isopod", "white stork", "black stork", "spoonbill", "flamingo", "little blue heron", "American egret", "bittern", "crane bird", "limpkin", "European gallinule", "American coot", "bustard", "ruddy turnstone", "red-backed sandpiper", "redshank", "dowitcher", "oystercatcher", "pelican", "king penguin", "albatross", "grey whale", "killer whale", "dugong", "sea lion", "Chihuahua", "Japanese spaniel", "Maltese dog", "Pekinese", "Shih-Tzu", "Blenheim spaniel", "papillon", "toy terrier", "Rhodesian ridgeback", "Afghan hound", "basset", "beagle", "bloodhound", "bluetick", "black-and-tan coonhound", "Walker hound", "English foxhound", "redbone", "borzoi", "Irish wolfhound", "Italian greyhound", "whippet", "Ibizan hound", "Norwegian elkhound", "otterhound", "Saluki", "Scottish deerhound", "Weimaraner", "Staffordshire bullterrier", "American Staffordshire terrier", "Bedlington terrier", "Border terrier", "Kerry blue terrier", "Irish terrier", "Norfolk terrier", "Norwich terrier", "Yorkshire terrier", "wire-haired fox terrier", "Lakeland terrier", "Sealyham terrier", "Airedale", "cairn", "Australian terrier", "Dandie Dinmont", "Boston bull", "miniature schnauzer", "giant schnauzer", "standard schnauzer", "Scotch terrier", "Tibetan terrier", "silky terrier", "soft-coated wheaten terrier", "West Highland white terrier", "Lhasa", "flat-coated retriever", "curly-coated retriever", "golden retriever", "Labrador retriever", "Chesapeake Bay retriever", "German short-haired pointer", "vizsla", "English setter", "Irish setter", "Gordon setter", "Brittany spaniel", "clumber", "English springer", "Welsh springer spaniel", "cocker spaniel", "Sussex spaniel", "Irish water spaniel", "kuvasz", "schipperke", "groenendael", "malinois", "briard", "kelpie", "komondor", "Old English sheepdog", "Shetland sheepdog", "collie", "Border collie", "Bouvier des Flandres", "Rottweiler", "German shepherd", "Doberman", "miniature pinscher", "Greater Swiss Mountain dog", "Bernese mountain dog", "Appenzeller", "EntleBucher", "boxer", "bull mastiff", "Tibetan mastiff", "French bulldog", "Great Dane", "Saint Bernard", "Eskimo dog", "malamute", "Siberian husky", "dalmatian", "affenpinscher", "basenji", "pug", "Leonberg", "Newfoundland", "Great Pyrenees", "Samoyed", "Pomeranian", "chow", "keeshond", "Brabancon griffon", "Pembroke", "Cardigan", "toy poodle", "miniature poodle", "standard poodle", "Mexican hairless", "timber wolf", "white wolf", "red wolf", "coyote", "dingo", "dhole", "African hunting dog", "hyena", "red fox", "kit fox", "Arctic fox", "grey fox", "tabby", "tiger cat", "Persian cat", "Siamese cat", "Egyptian cat", "cougar", "lynx", "leopard", "snow leopard", "jaguar", "lion", "tiger", "cheetah", "brown bear", "American black bear", "ice bear", "sloth bear", "mongoose", "meerkat", "tiger beetle", "ladybug", "ground beetle", "long-horned beetle", "leaf beetle", "dung beetle", "rhinoceros beetle", "weevil", "fly", "bee", "ant", "grasshopper", "cricket", "walking stick", "cockroach", "mantis", "cicada", "leafhopper", "lacewing", "dragonfly", "damselfly", "admiral", "ringlet", "monarch", "cabbage butterfly", "sulphur butterfly", "lycaenid", "starfish", "sea urchin", "sea cucumber", "wood rabbit", "hare", "Angora", "hamster", "porcupine", "fox squirrel", "marmot", "beaver", "guinea pig", "sorrel", "zebra", "hog", "wild boar", "warthog", "hippopotamus", "ox", "water buffalo", "bison", "ram", "bighorn", "ibex", "hartebeest", "impala", "gazelle", "Arabian camel", "llama", "weasel", "mink", "polecat", "black-footed ferret", "otter", "skunk", "badger", "armadillo", "three-toed sloth", "orangutan", "gorilla", "chimpanzee", "gibbon", "siamang", "guenon", "patas", "baboon", "macaque", "langur", "colobus", "proboscis monkey", "marmoset", "capuchin", "howler monkey", "titi", "spider monkey", "squirrel monkey", "Madagascar cat", "indri", "Indian elephant", "African elephant", "lesser panda", "giant panda", "barracouta", "eel", "coho", "rock beauty", "anemone fish", "sturgeon", "gar", "lionfish", "puffer", "abacus", "abaya", "academic gown", "accordion", "acoustic guitar", "aircraft carrier", "airliner", "airship", "altar", "ambulance", "amphibian", "analog clock", "apiary", "apron", "ashcan", "assault rifle", "backpack", "bakery", "balance beam", "balloon", "ballpoint", "Band Aid", "banjo", "bannister", "barbell", "barber chair", "barbershop", "barn", "barometer", "barrel", "barrow", "baseball", "basketball", "bassinet", "bassoon", "bathing cap", "bath towel", "bathtub", "beach wagon", "beacon", "beaker", "bearskin", "beer bottle", "beer glass", "bell cote", "bib", "bicycle-built-for-two", "bikini", "binder", "binoculars", "birdhouse", "boathouse", "bobsled", "bolo tie", "bonnet", "bookcase", "bookshop", "bottlecap", "bow", "bow tie", "brass", "brassiere", "breakwater", "breastplate", "broom", "bucket", "buckle", "bulletproof vest", "bullet train", "butcher shop", "cab", "caldron", "candle", "cannon", "canoe", "can opener", "cardigan", "car mirror", "carousel", "carpenter's kit", "carton", "car wheel", "cash machine", "cassette", "cassette player", "castle", "catamaran", "CD player", "cello", "cellular telephone", "chain", "chainlink fence", "chain mail", "chain saw", "chest", "chiffonier", "chime", "china cabinet", "Christmas stocking", "church", "cinema", "cleaver", "cliff dwelling", "cloak", "clog", "cocktail shaker", "coffee mug", "coffeepot", "coil", "combination lock", "computer keyboard", "confectionery", "container ship", "convertible", "corkscrew", "cornet", "cowboy boot", "cowboy hat", "cradle", "crane", "crash helmet", "crate", "crib", "Crock Pot", "croquet ball", "crutch", "cuirass", "dam", "desk", "desktop computer", "dial telephone", "diaper", "digital clock", "digital watch", "dining table", "dishrag", "dishwasher", "disk brake", "dock", "dogsled", "dome", "doormat", "drilling platform", "drum", "drumstick", "dumbbell", "Dutch oven", "electric fan", "electric guitar", "electric locomotive", "entertainment center", "envelope", "espresso maker", "face powder", "feather boa", "file", "fireboat", "fire engine", "fire screen", "flagpole", "flute", "folding chair", "football helmet", "forklift", "fountain", "fountain pen", "four - poster", "freight car", "French horn", "frying pan", "fur coat", "garbage truck", "gasmask", "gas pump", "goblet", "go - kart", "golf ball", "golfcart", "gondola", "gong", "gown", "grand piano", "greenhouse", "grille", "grocery store", "guillotine", "hair slide", "hair spray", "half track", "hammer", "hamper", "hand blower", "hand - held computer", "handkerchief", "hard disc", "harmonica", "harp", "harvester", "hatchet", "holster", "home theater", "honeycomb", "hook", "hoopskirt", "horizontal bar", "horse cart", "hourglass", "iPod", "iron", "jack - o'-lantern", "jean", "jeep", "jersey", "jigsaw puzzle", "jinrikisha", "joystick", "kimono", "knee pad", "knot", "lab coat", "ladle", "lampshade", "laptop", "lawn mower", "lens cap", "letter opener", "library", "lifeboat", "lighter", "limousine", "liner", "lipstick", "Loafer", "lotion", "loudspeaker", "loupe", "lumbermill", "magnetic compass", "mailbag", "mailbox", "maillot", "maillot tank suit", "manhole cover", "maraca", "marimba", "mask", "matchstick", "maypole", "maze", "measuring cup", "medicine chest", "megalith", "microphone", "microwave", "military uniform", "milk can", "minibus", "miniskirt", "minivan", "missile", "mitten", "mixing bowl", "mobile home", "Model T", "modem", "monastery", "monitor", "moped", "mortar", "mortarboard", "mosque", "mosquito net", "motor scooter", "mountain bike", "mountain tent", "mouse", "mousetrap", "moving van", "muzzle", "nail", "neck brace", "necklace", "nipple", "notebook", "obelisk", "oboe", "ocarina", "odometer", "oil filter", "organ", "oscilloscope", "overskirt", "oxcart", "oxygen mask", "packet", "paddle", "paddlewheel", "padlock", "paintbrush", "pajama", "palace", "panpipe", "paper towel", "parachute", "parallel bars", "park bench", "parking meter", "passenger car", "patio", "pay-phone", "pedestal", "pencil box", "pencil sharpener", "perfume", "Petri dish", "photocopier", "pick", "pickelhaube", "picket fence", "pickup", "pier", "piggy bank", "pill bottle", "pillow", "ping-pong ball", "pinwheel", "pirate", "pitcher", "plane", "planetarium", "plastic bag", "plate rack", "plow", "plunger", "Polaroid camera", "pole", "police van", "poncho", "pool table", "pop bottle", "pot", "potter's wheel", "power drill", "prayer rug", "printer", "prison", "projectile", "projector", "puck", "punching bag", "purse", "quill", "quilt", "racer", "racket", "radiator", "radio", "radio telescope", "rain barrel", "recreational vehicle", "reel", "reflex camera", "refrigerator", "remote control", "restaurant", "revolver", "rifle", "rocking chair", "rotisserie", "rubber eraser", "rugby ball", "rule", "running shoe", "safe", "safety pin", "saltshaker", "sandal", "sarong", "sax", "scabbard", "scale", "school bus", "schooner", "scoreboard", "screen", "screw", "screwdriver", "seat belt", "sewing machine", "shield", "shoe shop", "shoji", "shopping basket", "shopping cart", "shovel", "shower cap", "shower curtain", "ski", "ski mask", "sleeping bag", "slide rule", "sliding door", "slot", "snorkel", "snowmobile", "snowplow", "soap dispenser", "soccer ball", "sock", "solar dish", "sombrero", "soup bowl", "space bar", "space heater", "space shuttle", "spatula", "speedboat", "spider web", "spindle", "sports car", "spotlight", "stage", "steam locomotive", "steel arch bridge", "steel drum", "stethoscope", "stole", "stone wall", "stopwatch", "stove", "strainer", "streetcar", "stretcher", "studio couch", "stupa", "submarine", "suit", "sundial", "sunglass", "sunglasses", "sunscreen", "suspension bridge", "swab", "sweatshirt", "swimming trunks", "swing", "switch", "syringe", "table lamp", "tank", "tape player", "teapot", "teddy", "television", "tennis ball", "thatch", "theater curtain", "thimble", "thresher", "throne", "tile roof", "toaster", "tobacco shop", "toilet seat", "torch", "totem pole", "tow truck", "toyshop", "tractor", "trailer truck", "tray", "trench coat", "tricycle", "trimaran", "tripod", "triumphal arch", "trolleybus", "trombone", "tub", "turnstile", "typewriter keyboard", "umbrella", "unicycle", "upright", "vacuum", "vase", "vault", "velvet", "vending machine", "vestment", "viaduct", "violin", "volleyball", "waffle iron", "wall clock", "wallet", "wardrobe", "warplane", "washbasin", "washer", "water bottle", "water jug", "water tower", "whiskey jug", "whistle", "wig", "window screen", "window shade", "Windsor tie", "wine bottle", "wing", "wok", "wooden spoon", "wool", "worm fence", "wreck", "yawl", "yurt", "web site", "comic book", "crossword puzzle", "street sign", "traffic light", "book jacket", "menu", "plate", "guacamole", "consomme", "hot pot", "trifle", "ice cream", "ice lolly", "French loaf", "bagel", "pretzel", "cheeseburger", "hotdog", "mashed potato", "head cabbage", "broccoli", "cauliflower", "zucchini", "spaghetti squash", "acorn squash", "butternut squash", "cucumber", "artichoke", "bell pepper", "cardoon", "mushroom", "Granny Smith", "strawberry", "orange", "lemon", "fig", "pineapple", "banana", "jackfruit", "custard apple", "pomegranate", "hay", "carbonara", "chocolate sauce", "dough", "meat loaf", "pizza", "potpie", "burrito", "red wine", "espresso", "cup", "eggnog", "alp", "bubble", "cliff", "coral reef", "geyser", "lakeside", "promontory", "sandbar", "seashore", "valley", "volcano", "ballplayer", "groom", "scuba diver", "rapeseed", "daisy", "yellow lady's slipper", "corn", "acorn", "hip", "buckeye", "coral fungus", "agaric", "gyromitra", "stinkhorn", "earthstar", "hen-of-the-woods", "bolete", "ear", "toilet tissue"
    };
    cv::dnn::Net net = cv::dnn::readNetFromONNX("./alexnet.onnx");  // 加载模型
    cv::Mat image = cv::imread("./cat_224x224.jpg", 1);  // 读取图片
    cv::Mat blob = cv::dnn::blobFromImage(image, (double)(1.0/225.0), cv::Size(), cv::Scalar(225,225,225), true, false, CV_32F );  // 由图片加载数据 还可以进行缩放、归一化等预处理操作
    net.setInput(blob);  // 设置模型输入
    cv::Mat predict = net.forward(); // 推理结果

    double minValue, maxValue;
    cv::Point minIdx, maxIdx;
    cv::minMaxLoc(predict, &minValue, &maxValue, &minIdx, &maxIdx);

    string res = labels[maxIdx.x];

    return 0;
}

输出结果为：

classification result: Egyptian cat