osg解析系列-[osg::osgViewer] （视景器）

继承关系 osgViewer::Viewer -> osgViewer::View/osgViewer::ViewerBase，以下从osgViewer::Viewer中的相机、线程模型、事务处理3个方面进行解释：
1.osgViewer::View中默认有一个主相机，附属相机可以有0~N个。 附属相机存在时，主相机负责视图控制，附属相机群负责渲染；附属相机不存在时，主相机即负责视图控制又负责渲染。
osgViewer::Viewer中只有一个主相机，主相机即负责渲染又负责视图控制，示例代码：

#include <osgDB/ReadFile>
#include <osgUtil/Optimizer>
#include <osgViewer/Viewer>
#include <iostream>

int main( int argc, char **argv )
{
	//Load default mode
	osg::ref_ptr<osg::Node> loadedModel = osgDB::readRefNodeFile("D:\\osg365vs2015x64\\Data\\cow.osgt");

    // if no model has been successfully loaded report failure.
    if (!loadedModel)
    {
        std::cout << arguments.getApplicationName() <<": No data loaded" << std::endl;
        return 1;
    }

    // construct the viewer.
    osgViewer::Viewer viewer;
   // optimize the scene graph, remove redundant nodes and state etc.
    osgUtil::Optimizer optimizer;
    optimizer.optimize(loadedModel);
    // set the scene to render
    viewer.setSceneData(loadedModel);
    return viewer.run();
}

osgViewer::Viewer中只有1个主相机、2个附属相机，附属相机负责渲染，主相机负责视图控制，示例代码：

#include <osgDB/ReadFile>
#include <osgUtil/Optimizer>
#include <osgViewer/Viewer>
#include <iostream>

int main( int argc, char **argv )
{
	//Load default mode
	osg::ref_ptr<osg::Node> loadedModel = osgDB::readRefNodeFile("D:\\osg365vs2015x64\\Data\\cow.osgt");

    // if no model has been successfully loaded report failure.
    if (!loadedModel)
    {
        std::cout << arguments.getApplicationName() <<": No data loaded" << std::endl;
        return 1;
    }

    // construct the viewer.
    osgViewer::Viewer viewer;
    int xoffset = 40;
    int yoffset = 40;

    // left window + left slave camera
    {
        osg::ref_ptr<osg::GraphicsContext::Traits> traits = new osg::GraphicsContext::Traits;

        traits->x = xoffset + 0;
        traits->y = yoffset + 0;
        traits->width = 600;
        traits->height = 480;
        traits->windowDecoration = true;
        traits->doubleBuffer = true;
        traits->sharedContext = 0;
        traits->readDISPLAY();
        traits->setUndefinedScreenDetailsToDefaultScreen();

        osg::ref_ptr<osg::GraphicsContext> gc = osg::GraphicsContext::createGraphicsContext(traits.get());

        osg::ref_ptr<osg::Camera> camera = new osg::Camera;
        camera->setGraphicsContext(gc.get());
        camera->setViewport(new osg::Viewport(0,0, traits->width, traits->height));
        GLenum buffer = traits->doubleBuffer ? GL_BACK : GL_FRONT;
        camera->setDrawBuffer(buffer);
        camera->setReadBuffer(buffer);

        // add this slave camera to the viewer, with a shift left of the projection matrix
        viewer.addSlave(camera.get(), osg::Matrixd::translate(1.0,0.0,0.0), osg::Matrixd());
    }

    // right window + right slave camera
    {
        osg::ref_ptr<osg::GraphicsContext::Traits> traits = new osg::GraphicsContext::Traits;
        traits->x = xoffset + 600;
        traits->y = yoffset + 0;
        traits->width = 600;
        traits->height = 480;
        traits->windowDecoration = true;
        traits->doubleBuffer = true;
        traits->sharedContext = 0;
        traits->readDISPLAY();
        traits->setUndefinedScreenDetailsToDefaultScreen();

        osg::ref_ptr<osg::GraphicsContext> gc = osg::GraphicsContext::createGraphicsContext(traits.get());

        osg::ref_ptr<osg::Camera> camera = new osg::Camera;
        camera->setGraphicsContext(gc.get());
        camera->setViewport(new osg::Viewport(0,0, traits->width, traits->height));
        GLenum buffer = traits->doubleBuffer ? GL_BACK : GL_FRONT;
        camera->setDrawBuffer(buffer);
        camera->setReadBuffer(buffer);

        // add this slave camera to the viewer, with a shift right of the projection matrix
        viewer.addSlave(camera.get(), osg::Matrixd::translate(-1.0,0.0,0.0), osg::Matrixd());
    }
    
   // optimize the scene graph, remove redundant nodes and state etc.
    osgUtil::Optimizer optimizer;
    optimizer.optimize(loadedModel);
    // set the scene to render
    viewer.setSceneData(loadedModel);
    return viewer.run();
}

2.osgViewer::ViewerBase中线程模型的定义，依次是：
SingleThreaded = 单线程
ThreadPerContext =CullDrawThreadPerContext = 每个逻辑渲染设备（注意：非物理设备）一个线程，负责裁剪和渲染
DrawThreadPerContext = 每个逻辑渲染设备（注意：非物理设备）一个线程，仅负责渲染
ThreadPerCamera = CullThreadPerCameraDrawThreadPerContext=每个逻辑渲染设备（注意：非物理设备）一个线程，仅负责渲染；每个相机一个线程，仅负责裁剪
AutomaticSelection = 根据当前系统中逻辑处理器的个数（注意：非物理处理器）自动选择以上模型之一。
enum ThreadingModel
{
SingleThreaded,
CullDrawThreadPerContext,
ThreadPerContext = CullDrawThreadPerContext,
DrawThreadPerContext,
CullThreadPerCameraDrawThreadPerContext,
ThreadPerCamera = CullThreadPerCameraDrawThreadPerContext,
AutomaticSelection
};

#include <osgDB/ReadFile>
#include <osgUtil/Optimizer>
#include <osgViewer/Viewer>
#include <iostream>

int main( int argc, char **argv )
{
    // use an ArgumentParser object to manage the program arguments.
    osg::ArgumentParser arguments(&argc,argv);
    
	//Load default mode
	osg::ref_ptr<osg::Node> loadedModel = osgDB::readRefNodeFile("D:\\osg365vs2015x64\\Data\\cow.osgt");

    // if no model has been successfully loaded report failure.
    if (!loadedModel)
    {
        std::cout << arguments.getApplicationName() <<": No data loaded" << std::endl;
        return 1;
    }

    // construct the viewer.
    osgViewer::Viewer viewer;
    // different thread model 
	osgViewer::Viewer::ThreadingModel threadingModel = osgViewer::Viewer::AutomaticSelection;
	while (arguments.read("-s")){ threadingModel = osgViewer::Viewer::SingleThreaded; }
	while (arguments.read("-g")) { threadingModel = osgViewer::Viewer::CullDrawThreadPerContext; }
	while (arguments.read("-d")) { threadingModel = osgViewer::Viewer::DrawThreadPerContext;}
	while (arguments.read("-c")) { threadingModel = osgViewer::Viewer::CullThreadPerCameraDrawThreadPerContext;}
	viewer.setThreadingModel(threadingModel);
	
    int xoffset = 40;
    int yoffset = 40;
    // left window + left slave camera
    {
        osg::ref_ptr<osg::GraphicsContext::Traits> traits = new osg::GraphicsContext::Traits;

        traits->x = xoffset + 0;
        traits->y = yoffset + 0;
        traits->width = 600;
        traits->height = 480;
        traits->windowDecoration = true;
        traits->doubleBuffer = true;
        traits->sharedContext = 0;
        traits->readDISPLAY();
        traits->setUndefinedScreenDetailsToDefaultScreen();

        osg::ref_ptr<osg::GraphicsContext> gc = osg::GraphicsContext::createGraphicsContext(traits.get());

        osg::ref_ptr<osg::Camera> camera = new osg::Camera;
        camera->setGraphicsContext(gc.get());
        camera->setViewport(new osg::Viewport(0,0, traits->width, traits->height));
        GLenum buffer = traits->doubleBuffer ? GL_BACK : GL_FRONT;
        camera->setDrawBuffer(buffer);
        camera->setReadBuffer(buffer);

        // add this slave camera to the viewer, with a shift left of the projection matrix
        viewer.addSlave(camera.get(), osg::Matrixd::translate(1.0,0.0,0.0), osg::Matrixd());
    }

    // right window + right slave camera
    {
        osg::ref_ptr<osg::GraphicsContext::Traits> traits = new osg::GraphicsContext::Traits;
        traits->x = xoffset + 600;
        traits->y = yoffset + 0;
        traits->width = 600;
        traits->height = 480;
        traits->windowDecoration = true;
        traits->doubleBuffer = true;
        traits->sharedContext = 0;
        traits->readDISPLAY();
        traits->setUndefinedScreenDetailsToDefaultScreen();

        osg::ref_ptr<osg::GraphicsContext> gc = osg::GraphicsContext::createGraphicsContext(traits.get());

        osg::ref_ptr<osg::Camera> camera = new osg::Camera;
        camera->setGraphicsContext(gc.get());
        camera->setViewport(new osg::Viewport(0,0, traits->width, traits->height));
        GLenum buffer = traits->doubleBuffer ? GL_BACK : GL_FRONT;
        camera->setDrawBuffer(buffer);
        camera->setReadBuffer(buffer);

        // add this slave camera to the viewer, with a shift right of the projection matrix
        viewer.addSlave(camera.get(), osg::Matrixd::translate(-1.0,0.0,0.0), osg::Matrixd());
    }
    
   // optimize the scene graph, remove redundant nodes and state etc.
    osgUtil::Optimizer optimizer;
    optimizer.optimize(loadedModel);
    // set the scene to render
    viewer.setSceneData(loadedModel);
    return viewer.run();
}