opencv联合python7——直方图和傅里叶变换，银行卡卡号检测

最新推荐文章于 2023-11-13 21:07:28 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-11-13 21:07:28 发布

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分类专栏： opencv+python

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42832272/article/details/104842309

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直方图

在这里插入图片描述

#None 是否有掩码
img = cv2.imread("D:/4.jpg",0) #0表示灰度图
hist = cv2.calcHist([img],[0],None,[256],[0,256])

#直方图

import numpy as np
import cv2

def cv_show(name,image):
	cv2.imshow(name,image)
	cv2.waitKey(0)
	cv2.destroyAllWindows()

img = cv2.imread("D:/4.jpg") 
color = ('b','g','r')
for i,col in enumerate(color):
	hist = cv2.calcHist([img],[0],None,[256],[0,256])
	plt.plot(hist,color=col)
	plt.xlim([0,256])

mask操作

#直方图
#mask操作
import numpy as np
import cv2

def cv_show(name,image):
	cv2.imshow(name,image)
	cv2.waitKey(0)
	cv2.destroyAllWindows()

img = cv2.imread("D:/4.jpg",0)
mask = np.zeros(img.shape[:2],np.uint8)
mask[100:200,100:400]=255  #将要提取的部分变成白色
masked = cv2.bitwise_and(img,img,mask=mask)
cv_show("masked",masked)

直方图均衡化

在这里插入图片描述

#直方图均衡化

import numpy as np
import cv2

def cv_show(name,image):
	cv2.imshow(name,image)
	cv2.waitKey(0)
	cv2.destroyAllWindows()

img = cv2.imread("D:/4.jpg",0)
equ = cv2.equalizeHist(img)
cv_show("equ",equ)

#自适应直方图均衡化

import numpy as np
import cv2

def cv_show(name,image):
	cv2.imshow(name,image)
	cv2.waitKey(0)
	cv2.destroyAllWindows()
#传入灰度图
img = cv2.imread("D:/4.jpg",0)
clahe = cv2.createCLAHE(clipLimit = 2.0,tileGridSize = (8,8))
res = clahe.apply(img)
cv_show("res",res)

傅里叶变换

在这里插入图片描述

低通滤波器

#傅里叶变换
#频域操作

import numpy as np
import cv2

def cv_show(name,image):
	cv2.imshow(name,image)
	cv2.waitKey(0)
	cv2.destroyAllWindows()
#传入灰度图
img = cv2.imread("D:/4.jpg",0)
#转换成32位图像
img_float32 = np.float32(img)
#傅里叶变换
dft = cv2.dft(img_float32,flags = cv2.DFT_COMPLEX_OUTPUT)
#shift变换
dft_shift = np.fft.fftshift(dft)
rows,cols = img.shape
crow,ccol = int(rows/2),int(cols/2) #中心位置
#低通滤波
mask = np.zeros((rows,cols,2),np.uint8)
mask[crow-30:crow+30,ccol-30:ccol+30]=1
#IDFT
fshift = dft_shift*mask
#shift反变换
f_ishift = np.fft.ifftshift(fshift)
img_back = cv2.idft(f_ishift)
img_back = cv2.magnitude(img_back[:,:,0],img_back[:,:,1])

cv_show("img",img)
cv_show("img_back",img_back)

高通滤波器

#傅里叶变换
#频域操作

import numpy as np
import cv2

def cv_show(name,image):
	cv2.imshow(name,image)
	cv2.waitKey(0)
	cv2.destroyAllWindows()
#传入灰度图
img = cv2.imread("D:/4.jpg",0)
#转换成32位图像
img_float32 = np.float32(img)
#傅里叶变换
dft = cv2.dft(img_float32,flags = cv2.DFT_COMPLEX_OUTPUT)
#shift变换
dft_shift = np.fft.fftshift(dft)
rows,cols = img.shape
crow,ccol = int(rows/2),int(cols/2) #中心位置
#高通滤波
mask = np.ones((rows,cols,2),np.uint8)
mask[crow-30:crow+30,ccol-30:ccol+30]=0
#IDFT
fshift = dft_shift*mask
#shift反变换
f_ishift = np.fft.ifftshift(fshift)
img_back = cv2.idft(f_ishift)
img_back = cv2.magnitude(img_back[:,:,0],img_back[:,:,1])

cv_show("img",img)
cv_show("img_back",img_back)

银行卡卡号检测

注意：若出现not enough values to unpack (expected 3, got 2)的报错，则证明：
OpenCV 新版调用，返回两个参数：
contours, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(mask, cv2.RETR_TREE, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)

# 导入工具包
from imutils import contours
import numpy as np
import argparse
import imutils
import cv2
import myutils

FIRST_NUMBER = {
	"3": "American Express",
	"4": "Visa",
	"5": "MasterCard",
	"6": "Discover Card"
}

# 绘图展示
def cv_show(name,img):
	cv2.imshow(name, img)
	cv2.waitKey(0)
	cv2.destroyAllWindows()
# 读取一个模板图像
img = cv2.imread('E:/ocr_a_reference.png',cv2.IMREAD_ANYCOLOR)
cv_show('img',img)
# 灰度图
ref = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
cv_show('ref',ref)
# 二值图像
ref = cv2.threshold(ref, 10, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV)[1]
cv_show('ref',ref)

# 计算轮廓
#cv2.findContours()函数接受的参数为二值图，即黑白的（不是灰度图）,cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL只检测外轮廓，cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE只保留终点坐标
#返回的list中每个元素都是图像中的一个轮廓

ref_, refCnts, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(ref.copy(), cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL,cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)

cv2.drawContours(img,refCnts,-1,(0,0,255),3) 
cv_show('img',img)
print (np.array(refCnts).shape)
refCnts = myutils.sort_contours(refCnts, method="left-to-right")[0] #排序，从左到右，从上到下
digits = {}

# 遍历每一个轮廓
for (i, c) in enumerate(refCnts):
	# 计算外接矩形并且resize成合适大小
	(x, y, w, h) = cv2.boundingRect(c)
	roi = ref[y:y + h, x:x + w]
	roi = cv2.resize(roi, (57, 88))

	# 每一个数字对应每一个模板
	digits[i] = roi

# 初始化卷积核
rectKernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (9, 3))
sqKernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (5, 5))

#读取输入图像，预处理
image = cv2.imread('E:/credit_card_01.png')
cv_show('image',image)
image = myutils.resize(image, width=300)
gray = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
cv_show('gray',gray)

#礼帽操作，突出更明亮的区域
tophat = cv2.morphologyEx(gray, cv2.MORPH_TOPHAT, rectKernel) 
cv_show('tophat',tophat) 
# 
gradX = cv2.Sobel(tophat, ddepth=cv2.CV_32F, dx=1, dy=0, #ksize=-1相当于用3*3的
	ksize=-1)

#归一化
gradX = np.absolute(gradX)
(minVal, maxVal) = (np.min(gradX), np.max(gradX))
gradX = (255 * ((gradX - minVal) / (maxVal - minVal)))
gradX = gradX.astype("uint8")

print (np.array(gradX).shape)
cv_show('gradX',gradX)

#通过闭操作（先膨胀，再腐蚀）将数字连在一起
gradX = cv2.morphologyEx(gradX, cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, rectKernel) 
cv_show('gradX',gradX)
#THRESH_OTSU会自动寻找合适的阈值，适合双峰，需把阈值参数设置为0
thresh = cv2.threshold(gradX, 0, 255,
	cv2.THRESH_BINARY | cv2.THRESH_OTSU)[1] 
cv_show('thresh',thresh)

#再来一个闭操作

thresh = cv2.morphologyEx(thresh, cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, sqKernel) #再来一个闭操作
cv_show('thresh',thresh)

# 计算轮廓

thresh_, threshCnts, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(thresh.copy(), cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL,
	cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)

cnts = threshCnts
cur_img = image.copy()
cv2.drawContours(cur_img,cnts,-1,(0,0,255),3) 
cv_show('img',cur_img)
locs = []

# 遍历轮廓
for (i, c) in enumerate(cnts):
	# 计算矩形
	(x, y, w, h) = cv2.boundingRect(c)
	ar = w / float(h)

	# 选择合适的区域，根据实际任务来，这里的基本都是四个数字一组
	if ar > 2.5 and ar < 4.0:

		if (w > 40 and w < 55) and (h > 10 and h < 20):
			#符合的留下来
			locs.append((x, y, w, h))

# 将符合的轮廓从左到右排序
locs = sorted(locs, key=lambda x:x[0])
output = []

# 遍历每一个轮廓中的数字
for (i, (gX, gY, gW, gH)) in enumerate(locs):
	# initialize the list of group digits
	groupOutput = []

	# 根据坐标提取每一个组
	group = gray[gY - 5:gY + gH + 5, gX - 5:gX + gW + 5]
	cv_show('group',group)
	# 预处理
	group = cv2.threshold(group, 0, 255,
		cv2.THRESH_BINARY | cv2.THRESH_OTSU)[1]
	cv_show('group',group)
	# 计算每一组的轮廓
	group_,digitCnts,hierarchy = cv2.findContours(group.copy(), cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL,
		cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
	digitCnts = contours.sort_contours(digitCnts,
		method="left-to-right")[0]

	# 计算每一组中的每一个数值
	for c in digitCnts:
		# 找到当前数值的轮廓，resize成合适的的大小
		(x, y, w, h) = cv2.boundingRect(c)
		roi = group[y:y + h, x:x + w]
		roi = cv2.resize(roi, (57, 88))
		cv_show('roi',roi)

		# 计算匹配得分
		scores = []

		# 在模板中计算每一个得分
		for (digit, digitROI) in digits.items():
			# 模板匹配
			result = cv2.matchTemplate(roi, digitROI,
				cv2.TM_CCOEFF)
			(_, score, _, _) = cv2.minMaxLoc(result)
			scores.append(score)

		# 得到最合适的数字
		groupOutput.append(str(np.argmax(scores)))

	# 画出来
	cv2.rectangle(image, (gX - 5, gY - 5),
		(gX + gW + 5, gY + gH + 5), (0, 0, 255), 1)
	cv2.putText(image, "".join(groupOutput), (gX, gY - 15),
		cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.65, (0, 0, 255), 2)

	# 得到结果
	output.extend(groupOutput)

# 打印结果
print("Credit Card Type: {}".format(FIRST_NUMBER[output[0]]))
print("Credit Card #: {}".format("".join(output)))
cv2.imshow("Image", image)
cv2.waitKey(0)

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opencv联合python7——直方图和傅里叶变换，银行卡卡号检测

直方图#None 是否有掩码img = cv2.imread("D:/4.jpg",0) #0表示灰度图hist = cv2.calcHist([img],[0],None,[256],[0,256])#直方图import numpy as npimport cv2def cv_show(name,image): cv2.imshow(name,image) cv2.wa...
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