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SCI论文写作小白必备工具-------phrasebank使用指南
一款由英国曼彻斯特大学John Morley博士创办的 一个针对于学术论文写作的词句模板库神器——Academic Phrasebank
SCI论文写作小白必备工具-Phrasebank使用指南
1.写作神器Phrasebank简介
Academic Phrasebank是一个专门针对学术论文写作的词句模板库。它汇集了万千英文母语者的学术文章，并归纳总结了在文章不同位置、不同功用的学术写作短语和句型的用法和例句。帮助你快速学习如何写绪论、如何表达自己观点、如何评价他人、如何进行总结。
简言之，它是一款适用于学术文章，全方位的词句模版库，提供地道的案例句型，对母语非英语的论文写作者非常友好且效果明显。网站总共分为6大板块，并且介绍了每个版块在英文中的含义、作用以及常用的写作方式，而且还为不同的场景罗列出许多例句以供参考使用。
2.论文写作框架
一般 生物医学类、生物信息学类文章都follow以下的模块：
(以发表在美国人类遗传杂志上的DNHD1文章 IF=11分论文为例)
论文简介：Bi-allelic variants in DNHD1 cause flagellar axoneme defects and asthenoteratozoospermia in humans and mice
出 版 物：《AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS》 (AM J HUM GENET)
年 卷 期：2022年第109卷第1期
页 面：157-171
核心收录：SCI（11分，Top期刊）
学科分类：07[理学]
| 2.1 Abtract 摘要 |
2.1 Abtract 摘要
Abtract可以拆分出以下几句话：
2.1.1.一到二句介绍了大的背景，以及为什么要做这个研究**
第（1）句： 介绍大的背景：
Asthenoteratozoospermia, defined as reduced sperm motility and abnormal sperm morphology, is a disorder with considerable genetic heterogeneity.
第（2）句： 为什么要做这个研究
Although previous studies have identified several asthenoteratozoospemia-associated gene,the etiology remains unknown for the majority of affected men
2.1.2.三到八句开始说自己的主要结果：
第（3）句：结果1
Here, we performed whole-exome sequencing on 497 unrelated men with asthenoteratozoospermia and identified DNHD1 bi-allelic variants from eight families (1.6%).
第（4）句：结果2
All detected variants were predicted to be deleterious via multiple bioinformatics tools.
第（5）句：结果3
Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining revealed that individuals with bi-allelic DNHD1 variants presented striking abnormalities of the flagella; transmission electron microscopy (TEM) further showed flagellar axoneme defects, including central pair microtubule (CP) deficiency and mitochondrial sheath (MS) malformations.
第（6）句：结果4
In sperm from fertile men, DNHD1 was localized to the entire flagella of the normal sperm; however, it was nearly absent in the flagella of men with bi-allelic DNHD1 variants. Moreover, abundance of the CP markers SPAG6 and SPEF2 was significantly reduced in spermatozoa from men harboring bi-allelic DNHD1 variants.
第（7）句：结果5
In addition, Dnhd1 knockout male mice (Dnhd1‒/‒) exhibited asthenoteratozoospermia and infertility, a finding consistent with the sperm phenotypes present in human subjects with DNHD1 variants.
第（8）句：结果6 患者ICSI
The female partners of four out of seven men who underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection therapy subsequently became pregnant.
–注释： ICSI (Intracytoplasmic sperm injection)即卵胞浆内单精子显微注射技术 ，也就是第二代“试管婴儿”，该技术是借助显微操作系统将单一精子注射入卵子内使其受精。是在多种显微授精技术如透明带钻孔、透明带部分切除及透明带下授精等的基础上发展起来的，主要针对精子数量严重不足引起的不育。
2.1.3. 第九句做工作总结并概括工作意义：
第（9）句：工作总结及意义概括
In conclusion, our study showed that bi-allelic DNHD1 variants cause asthenoteratozoospermia, a finding that provides crucial insights into the biological underpinnings of this disorder and should assist with counseling of affected individuals.
2.1.4.从摘要中提取KeyWords
5个关键词：基因名字 DNHD1;疾病：male infertility 主要表型：MS缺陷，精子轴突缺陷， 最后作者给出了一个技术名：WES
2.2 Introduciton 背景介绍
| 2.2 Introduciton 背景介绍 |
2.2.1 第一段开门见山，提出问题和背景
2.2.2 对研究现状进行总结
2.2.3 引入自己的工作，并简要概括
2.3 Method 方法材料
| 2.3 Method 方法材料 |
2.3.1 实验志愿者、材料放最前面
2.3.2 按行文顺序介绍实验方法和技术
2.4 Result 结果
| 2.4 Result 结果 |
2.4.1 小标题加内容
2.4.2 图文标注格式要规范
2.5 Discussion 讨论
| 2.5 Discussion 讨论 |
2.5.1 对工作做总结：
再次回顾工作
2.5.2 讨论结构域的功能、旁征博引论证观点
2.5.3 对表型进行解释，提出一定的猜想
2.5.4 点题结尾
3.Phrasebank在论文写作中的应用
官网链接：https://www.phrasebank.manchester.ac.uk//
官网超链接:点击直达开始
3.1Phrasebank写作规范分类：
3.1介绍工作 Introducing work
格式1：开门见山：介绍背景及课题的主要性
格式2：提出观点、阐明这个领域的问题、矛盾
3.2 参考文献 Referring to sources
Previous research findings into X have been inconsistent and contradictory (Smith, 1996; …).
3.3 描述方法 Describing methods
In order to identify …, the participants were asked to …
In order to understand how X regulates Y, a series of transfections was performed.
To establish whether …,
To measure X, a question asking … was used.
To determine whether …, the cells were incubated for …
To rule out the possibility that X, the participants were …
To control for bias, measurements were carried out by another person.
To assess whether and how Xs are produced and received, we measured …
To see if the two methods gave the same measurement, the data was plotted and …
To enable the subjects to see the computer screen clearly, the laptop was configured with …
To increase the reliability of measures, each X was tested twice with a 4-minute break between …
To compare the scores three weeks after initial screening, a global ANOVA F-test was used
The vials were capped with … to prevent …
The process was repeated several times in order to remove …
In an attempt to make each interviewee feel as comfortable as possible, the interviewer …
3.4 介绍结果 Reporting results
Stimulation of X cells with Y did not increase the …
With successive increases in intensity of the X, the Y moved further to …
Following the addition of X, a significant increase (P<0.05) in the Y was recorded.
When X cells were stimulated with Y, no significant difference in the number of Z was detected.
3.5 讨论结果 Discussing findings（要多多引用大佬工作）
This study confirms that X is associated with …
This finding was also reported by Smith et al. (1989).
This finding is consistent with that of Smith (2000) who …
Comparison of the findings with those of other studies confirms …
This also accords with our earlier observations, which showed that …
These results reflect those of Smith et al. (1992) who also found that …
Increased activation in the X in this study corroborates these earlier findings.
These results corroborate the findings of a great deal of the previous work in …
This finding broadly supports the work of other studies in this area linking X with Y.
In accordance with the present results, previous studies have demonstrated that …
It is encouraging to compare this figure with that found by Jones (1993) who found that …
Consistent with the literature, this research found that participants who reported using X also …
This study supports evidence from previous observations (e.g. Smith, 2006; Jones et al., 2011).
There are similarities between the attitudes expressed by X in this study and those described by …
3.6 下结论（选择性） Writing conclusions
In general, therefore, it seems that …
The results of this study indicate that …
These findings suggest that in general …
The findings of this study suggest that …
Taken together, these results suggest that …
An implication of this is the possibility that …
The evidence from this study suggests that …
Overall, this study strengthens the idea that …
The current data highlight the importance of …
The findings of this research provide insights for …
The results of this research support the idea that …
These data suggest that X can be achieved through …
The theoretical implications of these findings are unclear.
The principal theoretical implication of this study is that …
This study has raised important questions about the nature of …
The following conclusions can be drawn from the present study …
Taken together, these findings suggest a role for X in promoting Y.
The findings of this investigation complement those of earlier studies.
These findings have significant implications for the understanding of how …
Although this study focuses on X, the findings may well have a bearing on …
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