abc、dq和alpha、beta坐标变换的原理和仿真

一、 Clark变换和Park变换的基本原理

其中A,B,C三相电压

$\{\begin{array}{l}{v}_a=sin(wt)\\ v_b=sin(wt-120^o)\\ v_c=sin(wt-240^o)\end{array}$

合成矢量

$\vec{V}=sin(wt)e^{i0}+sin(wt-120^o)e^{i120^o}+sin(wt-240^o)e^{i240^o}$

化简后

$\vec{V}=\frac{3}{2}(sin(wt)-cos(wt)i)$

所以在两相静止坐标系下有

$\{\begin{array}{l}{V}_{\beta }=-\frac{3}{2}cos(wt)\\ V_{\alpha }=\frac{3}{2}sinwt\end{array}$

从相角来看，$V_{\alpha }$与$v_a$同相位，$V_{\beta }$与$v_a$的相位相差$90^o$

从幅值来看，合成矢量的幅值是A相电压的$\frac{3}{2}$倍；如果进行恒定幅值变换，两者的幅值相等；如果是恒定功率变换，合成矢量的幅值是A相电压的$\sqrt{(}\frac{3}{2})$倍

变换矩阵如下

$\left[\begin{array}{c}{U}_{\alpha }\\ U_{\beta }\\ 0\end{array}\right]$=$m\ast \left[\begin{array}{ccc}1& -\frac{1}{2}& -\frac{1}{2}\\ 0& \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}& -\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\\ \frac{1}{2}& \frac{1}{2}& \frac{1}{2}\end{array}\right]$$\left[\begin{array}{c}{v}_a\\ v_b\\ v_c\end{array}\right]$

$m=\frac{2}{3}$时为恒定幅值变换

$m=\sqrt{(}\frac{2}{3})$时为恒定功率变换

Park变换如下

$\phi$为$U_d$和$v_{\alpha }$的夹角

带入到Clark变换矩阵可以得到Park变换矩阵

从相角来看，Park变换为直流，不存在相角在这里插入图片描述

从幅值来看，恒定幅值变换下，$v_d^2+v_q^2=v_a^2$,恒定功率下，$v_d^2+v_q^2=\sqrt{(}\frac{3}{2})v_a^2$

二、matlab仿真结果

恒定幅值下的Clark、Park变换(${\phi }_0=0$)

恒定幅值下的Park变换(${\phi }_0=60^o$)

恒定功率下的Clark、Park变换(${\phi }_0=0$)

三、matlab代码

clear all;close;
%% 定义
f=50;
w=2*pi*f;
s=1;
U_a=zeros(1,201);
U_b=zeros(1,201);
U_c=zeros(1,201);
U_d=zeros(1,201);
U_q=zeros(1,201);
U_0=zeros(1,201);
U_alpha=zeros(1,201);
U_beta=zeros(1,201);
Park_3s3r=zeros(3,201);
m=sqrt(2/3);
n=sqrt(2/3);
theta=0;
% m=sqrt(2/3);
%% 计算
% 3s-2s
for t=0:0.0001:0.02;
    U_a(s)=sin(w*t);
    U_b(s)=sin(w*t-2*pi/3);
    U_c(s)=sin(w*t-4*pi/3);
    s=s+1;
end
Clark_3s2s=m*[1,  -1/2,         -1/2      ;
              0,  sqrt(3)/2,    -sqrt(3)/2;];
U_2s= Clark_3s2s*[U_a;
                  U_b;
                  U_c;];
for s=1:1:201;
    U_alpha(s)=U_2s(1,s);
    U_beta(s)=U_2s(2,s);
end
% 3s-3r
s=1;
for t = 0:0.0001:0.02;
    U_d(s)=n*[   cos(theta+w*t),  cos(theta-2*pi/3+w*t),  cos(theta+2*pi/3+w*t);]*[U_a(s);
                                                                                   U_b(s);
                                                                                   U_c(s);];
    U_q(s)=n*[  -sin(theta+w*t), -sin(theta-2*pi/3+w*t), -sin(theta+2*pi/3+w*t);]*[U_a(s);
                                                                                   U_b(s);
                                                                                   U_c(s);];
    U_0(s)=n*[   1/2,              1/2,                   1/2                  ;]*[U_a(s);
                                                                                   U_b(s);
                                                                                   U_c(s);];
    s=s+1;
end
%% 画图
t = 0:0.0001:0.02;
figure(1);
plot(t,U_a,t,U_alpha,t,U_beta);
grid on;
text(0.002,U_a(21),          ' \leftarrow  U_{a}');
text(0.005,U_alpha(51),      ' \leftarrow  U_{alpha}');
text(0.002,U_beta(21),       ' \leftarrow  U_{beta}');
legend('U_a','U_{alpha}','U_{beta}');
title('Clark_{3s2s}');

figure(2);
plot(t,U_a,t,U_d,t,U_q);
grid on;
text(0.002,U_a(21),      ' \leftarrow  U_{a}');
text(0.002,U_d(21),      ' \leftarrow  U_d');
text(0.002,U_q(21),      ' \leftarrow  U_q');
legend('U_a','U_d','U_q');
title('Park_{3s3r}');