前言
本文使用的YOLOv5版本为v7.0,该版本为YOLOv5最新版本,默认损失函数采用的是CIoU。若对损失函数IOU、GIOU、DIOU等并不熟悉的同学,可移步:IOU系列:IOU、GIOU、DIOU、CIOU、SIOU、Alpha-IoU、WIOU详解
🚀🚀🚀 YOLOv5改进损失函数系列:
YOLOv5改进实战(1)| 更换损失函数(一)之EIoU、Alpha-IoU、SIoU篇
YOLOv5改进实战(2)| 更换损失函数(二)之WIOU(Wise IoU)篇
YOLOv5改进实战(3)| 更换损失函数(三)之MPDIOU(2023最新IOU)篇
YOLOv5改进实战(6)| 更换损失函数(四)之NWD(小目标检测)篇
一、⭐ 添加损失函数
- 更换损失函数主要修改
metrics.py
文件中的bbox_iou
函数- 源代码如下:
def bbox_iou(box1, box2, xywh=True, GIoU=False, DIoU=False, CIoU=False, eps=1e-7): # Returns Intersection over Union (IoU) of box1(1,4) to box2(n,4) # Get the coordinates of bounding boxes if xywh: # transform from xywh to xyxy (x1, y1, w1, h1), (x2, y2, w2, h2) = box1.chunk(4, -1), box2.chunk(4, -1) w1_, h1_, w2_, h2_ = w1 / 2, h1 / 2, w2 / 2, h2 / 2 b1_x1, b1_x2, b1_y1, b1_y2 = x1 - w1_, x1 + w1_, y1 - h1_, y1 + h1_ b2_x1, b2_x2, b2_y1, b2_y2 = x2 - w2_, x2 + w2_, y2 - h2_, y2 + h2_ else: # x1, y1, x2, y2 = box1 b1_x1, b1_y1, b1_x2, b1_y2 = box1.chunk(4, -1) b2_x1, b2_y1, b2_x2, b2_y2 = box2.chunk(4, -1) w1, h1 = b1_x2 - b1_x1, b1_y2 - b1_y1 + eps w2, h2 = b2_x2 - b2_x1, b2_y2 - b2_y1 + eps # Intersection area inter = (torch.min(b1_x2, b2_x2) - torch.max(b1_x1, b2_x1)).clamp(0) * \ (torch.min(b1_y2, b2_y2) - torch.max(b1_y1, b2_y1)).clamp(0) # Union Area union = w1 * h1 + w2 * h2 - inter + eps # IoU iou = inter / union if CIoU or DIoU or GIoU: cw = torch.max(b1_x2, b2_x2) - torch.min(b1_x1, b2_x1) # convex (smallest enclosing box) width ch = torch.max(b1_y2, b2_y2) - torch.min(b1_y1, b2_y1) # convex height if CIoU or DIoU: # Distance or Complete IoU https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.08287v1 c2 = cw ** 2 + ch ** 2 + eps # convex diagonal squared rho2 = ((b2_x1 + b2_x2 - b1_x1 - b1_x2) ** 2 + (b2_y1 + b2_y2 - b1_y1 - b1_y2) ** 2) / 4 # center dist ** 2 if CIoU: # https://github.com/Zzh-tju/DIoU-SSD-pytorch/blob/master/utils/box/box_utils.py#L47 v = (4 / math.pi ** 2) * torch.pow(torch.atan(w2 / h2) - torch.atan(w1 / h1), 2) with torch.no_grad(): alpha = v / (v - iou + (1 + eps)) return iou - (rho2 / c2 + v * alpha) # CIoU return iou - rho2 / c2 # DIoU c_area = cw * ch + eps # convex area return iou - (c_area - union) / c_area # GIoU https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.09630.pdf return iou # IoU
- 替换成以下代码:
class WIoU_Scale: ''' monotonous: { None: origin v1 True: monotonic FM v2 False: non-monotonic FM v3 } momentum: The momentum of running mean''' iou_mean = 1. monotonous = False _momentum = 1 - 0.5 ** (1 / 7000) _is_train = True def __init__(self, iou): self.iou = iou self._update(self) @classmethod def _update(cls, self): if cls._is_train: cls.iou_mean = (1 - cls._momentum) * cls.iou_mean + \ cls._momentum * self.iou.detach().mean().item() @classmethod def _scaled_loss(cls, self, gamma=1.9, delta=3): if isinstance(self.monotonous, bool): if self.monotonous: return (self.iou.detach() / self.iou_mean).sqrt() else: beta = self.iou.detach() / self.iou_mean alpha = delta * torch.pow(gamma, beta - delta) return beta / alpha return 1 def bbox_iou(box1, box2, xywh=True, GIoU=False, DIoU=False, CIoU=False, SIoU=False, EIoU=False, WIoU=False, Focal=False, alpha=1, gamma=0.5, scale=False, eps=1e-7): # Returns Intersection over Union (IoU) of box1(1,4) to box2(n,4) # Get the coordinates of bounding boxes if xywh: # transform from xywh to xyxy (x1, y1, w1, h1), (x2, y2, w2, h2) = box1.chunk(4, -1), box2.chunk(4, -1) w1_, h1_, w2_, h2_ = w1 / 2, h1 / 2, w2 / 2, h2 / 2 b1_x1, b1_x2, b1_y1, b1_y2 = x1 - w1_, x1 + w1_, y1 - h1_, y1 + h1_ b2_x1, b2_x2, b2_y1, b2_y2 = x2 - w2_, x2 + w2_, y2 - h2_, y2 + h2_ else: # x1, y1, x2, y2 = box1 b1_x1, b1_y1, b1_x2, b1_y2 = box1.chunk(4, -1) b2_x1, b2_y1, b2_x2, b2_y2 = box2.chunk(4, -1) w1, h1 = b1_x2 - b1_x1, (b1_y2 - b1_y1).clamp(eps) w2, h2 = b2_x2 - b2_x1, (b2_y2 - b2_y1).clamp(eps) # Intersection area inter = (b1_x2.minimum(b2_x2) - b1_x1.maximum(b2_x1)).clamp(0) * \ (b1_y2.minimum(b2_y2) - b1_y1.maximum(b2_y1)).clamp(0) # Union Area union = w1 * h1 + w2 * h2 - inter + eps if scale: self = WIoU_Scale(1 - (inter / union)) # IoU # iou = inter / union # ori iou iou = torch.pow(inter/(union + eps), alpha) # alpha iou if CIoU or DIoU or GIoU or EIoU or SIoU or WIoU: cw = b1_x2.maximum(b2_x2) - b1_x1.minimum(b2_x1) # convex (smallest enclosing box) width ch = b1_y2.maximum(b2_y2) - b1_y1.minimum(b2_y1) # convex height if CIoU or DIoU or EIoU or SIoU or WIoU: # Distance or Complete IoU https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.08287v1 c2 = (cw ** 2 + ch ** 2) ** alpha + eps # convex diagonal squared rho2 = (((b2_x1 + b2_x2 - b1_x1 - b1_x2) ** 2 + (b2_y1 + b2_y2 - b1_y1 - b1_y2) ** 2) / 4) ** alpha # center dist ** 2 if CIoU: # https://github.com/Zzh-tju/DIoU-SSD-pytorch/blob/master/utils/box/box_utils.py#L47 v = (4 / math.pi ** 2) * (torch.atan(w2 / h2) - torch.atan(w1 / h1)).pow(2) with torch.no_grad(): alpha_ciou = v / (v - iou + (1 + eps)) if Focal: return iou - (rho2 / c2 + torch.pow(v * alpha_ciou + eps, alpha)), torch.pow(inter/(union + eps), gamma) # Focal_CIoU else: return iou - (rho2 / c2 + torch.pow(v * alpha_ciou + eps, alpha)) # CIoU elif EIoU: rho_w2 = ((b2_x2 - b2_x1) - (b1_x2 - b1_x1)) ** 2 rho_h2 = ((b2_y2 - b2_y1) - (b1_y2 - b1_y1)) ** 2 cw2 = torch.pow(cw ** 2 + eps, alpha) ch2 = torch.pow(ch ** 2 + eps, alpha) if Focal: return iou - (rho2 / c2 + rho_w2 / cw2 + rho_h2 / ch2), torch.pow(inter/(union + eps), gamma) # Focal_EIou else: return iou - (rho2 / c2 + rho_w2 / cw2 + rho_h2 / ch2) # EIou elif SIoU: # SIoU Loss https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.12740.pdf s_cw = (b2_x1 + b2_x2 - b1_x1 - b1_x2) * 0.5 + eps s_ch = (b2_y1 + b2_y2 - b1_y1 - b1_y2) * 0.5 + eps sigma = torch.pow(s_cw ** 2 + s_ch ** 2, 0.5) sin_alpha_1 = torch.abs(s_cw) / sigma sin_alpha_2 = torch.abs(s_ch) / sigma threshold = pow(2, 0.5) / 2 sin_alpha = torch.where(sin_alpha_1 > threshold, sin_alpha_2, sin_alpha_1) angle_cost = torch.cos(torch.arcsin(sin_alpha) * 2 - math.pi / 2) rho_x = (s_cw / cw) ** 2 rho_y = (s_ch / ch) ** 2 gamma = angle_cost - 2 distance_cost = 2 - torch.exp(gamma * rho_x) - torch.exp(gamma * rho_y) omiga_w = torch.abs(w1 - w2) / torch.max(w1, w2) omiga_h = torch.abs(h1 - h2) / torch.max(h1, h2) shape_cost = torch.pow(1 - torch.exp(-1 * omiga_w), 4) + torch.pow(1 - torch.exp(-1 * omiga_h), 4) if Focal: return iou - torch.pow(0.5 * (distance_cost + shape_cost) + eps, alpha), torch.pow(inter/(union + eps), gamma) # Focal_SIou else: return iou - torch.pow(0.5 * (distance_cost + shape_cost) + eps, alpha) # SIou elif WIoU: if Focal: raise RuntimeError("WIoU do not support Focal.") elif scale: return getattr(WIoU_Scale, '_scaled_loss')(self), (1 - iou) * torch.exp((rho2 / c2)), iou # WIoU https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.10051 else: return iou, torch.exp((rho2 / c2)) # WIoU v1 if Focal: return iou - rho2 / c2, torch.pow(inter/(union + eps), gamma) # Focal_DIoU else: return iou - rho2 / c2 # DIoU c_area = cw * ch + eps # convex area if Focal: return iou - torch.pow((c_area - union) / c_area + eps, alpha), torch.pow(inter/(union + eps), gamma) # Focal_GIoU https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.09630.pdf else: return iou - torch.pow((c_area - union) / c_area + eps, alpha) # GIoU https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.09630.pdf if Focal: return iou, torch.pow(inter/(union + eps), gamma) # Focal_IoU else: return iou # IoU
- 源代码如下:
二、WIOU
🔥 WIOU 损失函数相关代码可查看wiou
- 在
utils/loss.py
中,找到ComputeLoss类中的__call__()函数
⭐将红框部分替换为以下代码:iou = bbox_iou(pbox, tbox[i], WIoU=True, scale=True) # iou(prediction, target) if type(iou) is tuple: lbox += (iou[1].detach().squeeze() * (1 - iou[0].squeeze())).mean() iou = iou[0].squeeze() else: lbox += (1.0 - iou.squeeze()).mean() # iou loss iou = iou.squeeze()
- WIOU有三个版本,分别是v1 v2 v3,默认使用的是v3版本,可通过更改
WIoU_Scale
类中的monotonous
参数,None
表示v1版本,True
表示v2版本,False
表示v3版本。