MPU6050初始化失败 错误代码8

MPU6050是一款6轴（三轴加速度+三轴角速度）姿态传感器。

最近需要用到这款传感器，但在使用过程中发现模块DMP初始化总是失败，网上查资料有的说使模块坏了，也有的说是模块出厂漏焊了两个电容，但总觉的这类说法有问题，因为有时候模块可以正常初始化。最终在网上看到一个大神说初始化的时候把模块放平可以解决问题，亲测有效。

直说吧，MPU6050初始化失败且错误代码8，原因是因为MPU的DMP驱动程序是用的InvenSense Corporation官方的代码，而官方代码中初始化要求模块必须平放
下面给出理由：
选中初始化代码mpu_dmp_init();按下F12,追溯DMP初始代码是inv_mpu.c下的一个功能段，代码如下：

u8 mpu_dmp_init(void)
{
	u8 res=0;
	MPU_IIC_Init(); 	//初始化IIC总线
	if(mpu_init()==0)	//初始化MPU6050
	{
		res=mpu_set_sensors(INV_XYZ_GYRO|INV_XYZ_ACCEL);//设置所需要的传感器
		if(res)return 1; 
		res=mpu_configure_fifo(INV_XYZ_GYRO|INV_XYZ_ACCEL);//设置FIFO
		if(res)return 2; 
		res=mpu_set_sample_rate(DEFAULT_MPU_HZ);	//设置采样率
		if(res)return 3; 
		res=dmp_load_motion_driver_firmware();		//加载dmp固件
		if(res)return 4; 
		res=dmp_set_orientation(inv_orientation_matrix_to_scalar(gyro_orientation));//设置陀螺仪方向
		if(res)return 5; 
		res=dmp_enable_feature(DMP_FEATURE_6X_LP_QUAT|DMP_FEATURE_TAP|	//设置dmp功能
		    DMP_FEATURE_ANDROID_ORIENT|DMP_FEATURE_SEND_RAW_ACCEL|DMP_FEATURE_SEND_CAL_GYRO|
		    DMP_FEATURE_GYRO_CAL);
		if(res)return 6; 
		res=dmp_set_fifo_rate(DEFAULT_MPU_HZ);	//设置DMP输出速率(最大不超过200Hz)
		if(res)return 7;   
		res=run_self_test();		//自检
		if(res)return 8;    
		res=mpu_set_dmp_state(1);	//使能DMP
		if(res)return 9;     
	}else return 10;
	return 0;
}

该程序是MPU6050模块的DMP初始化代码，我自己初始化的时候，总是报错，错误代码返回数字8，即res=run_self_test(); if(res)return 8;
自检失败，选中run_self_test(); 继续追溯，追溯代码为与前段代码同 .c 文件下的程序，程序如下：

u8 run_self_test(void)
{
	int result;
	//char test_packet[4] = {0};
	long gyro[3], accel[3]; 
	result = mpu_run_self_test(gyro, accel);
	if (result == 0x3) 
	{
		/* Test passed. We can trust the gyro data here, so let's push it down
		* to the DMP.
		*/
		float sens;
		unsigned short accel_sens;
		mpu_get_gyro_sens(&sens);
		gyro[0] = (long)(gyro[0] * sens);
		gyro[1] = (long)(gyro[1] * sens);
		gyro[2] = (long)(gyro[2] * sens);
		dmp_set_gyro_bias(gyro);
		mpu_get_accel_sens(&accel_sens);
		accel[0] *= accel_sens;
		accel[1] *= accel_sens;
		accel[2] *= accel_sens;
		dmp_set_accel_bias(accel);
		return 0;
	}else return 1;
}

选中mpu_run_self_test(gyro, accel);继续追溯，代码仍在上述 .c 文件下，代码及相关注释如下：

/**
 *  @brief      Trigger gyro/accel/compass self-test.
 *  On success/error, the self-test returns a mask representing the sensor(s)
 *  that failed. For each bit, a one (1) represents a "pass" case; conversely,
 *  a zero (0) indicates a failure.
 *
 *  \n The mask is defined as follows:
 *  \n Bit 0:   Gyro.
 *  \n Bit 1:   Accel.
 *  \n Bit 2:   Compass.
 *
 *  \n Currently, the hardware self-test is unsupported for MPU6500. However,
 *  this function can still be used to obtain the accel and gyro biases.
 *
 *  \n This function must be called with the device either face-up or face-down
 *  (z-axis is parallel to gravity).
 *  @param[out] gyro        Gyro biases in q16 format.
 *  @param[out] accel       Accel biases (if applicable) in q16 format.
 *  @return     Result mask (see above).
 */
int mpu_run_self_test(long *gyro, long *accel)
{
#ifdef MPU6050
    const unsigned char tries = 2;
    long gyro_st[3], accel_st[3];
    unsigned char accel_result, gyro_result;
#ifdef AK89xx_SECONDARY
    unsigned char compass_result;
#endif
    int ii;
#endif
    int result;
    unsigned char accel_fsr, fifo_sensors, sensors_on;
    unsigned short gyro_fsr, sample_rate, lpf;
    unsigned char dmp_was_on;

    if (st.chip_cfg.dmp_on) {
        mpu_set_dmp_state(0);
        dmp_was_on = 1;
    } else
        dmp_was_on = 0;

    /* Get initial settings. */
    mpu_get_gyro_fsr(&gyro_fsr);
    mpu_get_accel_fsr(&accel_fsr);
    mpu_get_lpf(&lpf);
    mpu_get_sample_rate(&sample_rate);
    sensors_on = st.chip_cfg.sensors;
    mpu_get_fifo_config(&fifo_sensors);

    /* For older chips, the self-test will be different. */
#if defined MPU6050
    for (ii = 0; ii < tries; ii++)
        if (!get_st_biases(gyro, accel, 0))
            break;
    if (ii == tries) {
        /* If we reach this point, we most likely encountered an I2C error.
         * We'll just report an error for all three sensors.
         */
        result = 0;
        goto restore;
    }
    for (ii = 0; ii < tries; ii++)
        if (!get_st_biases(gyro_st, accel_st, 1))
            break;
    if (ii == tries) {
        /* Again, probably an I2C error. */
        result = 0;
        goto restore;
    }
    accel_result = accel_self_test(accel, accel_st);
    gyro_result = gyro_self_test(gyro, gyro_st);

    result = 0;
    if (!gyro_result)
        result |= 0x01;
    if (!accel_result)
        result |= 0x02;

#ifdef AK89xx_SECONDARY
    compass_result = compass_self_test();
    if (!compass_result)
        result |= 0x04;
#endif
restore:
#elif defined MPU6500
    /* For now, this function will return a "pass" result for all three sensors
     * for compatibility with current test applications.
     */
    get_st_biases(gyro, accel, 0);
    result = 0x7;
#endif
    /* Set to invalid values to ensure no I2C writes are skipped. */
    st.chip_cfg.gyro_fsr = 0xFF;
    st.chip_cfg.accel_fsr = 0xFF;
    st.chip_cfg.lpf = 0xFF;
    st.chip_cfg.sample_rate = 0xFFFF;
    st.chip_cfg.sensors = 0xFF;
    st.chip_cfg.fifo_enable = 0xFF;
    st.chip_cfg.clk_src = INV_CLK_PLL;
    mpu_set_gyro_fsr(gyro_fsr);
    mpu_set_accel_fsr(accel_fsr);
    mpu_set_lpf(lpf);
    mpu_set_sample_rate(sample_rate);
    mpu_set_sensors(sensors_on);
    mpu_configure_fifo(fifo_sensors);

    if (dmp_was_on)
        mpu_set_dmp_state(1);

    return result;
}

注意：上面代码的注释中，第11行注释
This function must be called with the device either face-up or face-down
即初始化必须把模块正面朝上或朝下放置