状态机高阶讲解-01

 

 

 

 

 

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状态机内容，比UML那个课更详细一点

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行为建模

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幻灯片里面也有

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但是呢，可能只有大概一个多小时的时间

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那我们这个课程呢

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我们就

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讲得要更细，也更深一些

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就相当于在之前的内容的基础上

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再进一步的细化

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和强化

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当然

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如果没有听过之前的课程

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也没关系的

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这个课也不影响我们

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大家从这个课开始来理解

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和学习

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那状态机这个的话

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平时我们常见的，就是说

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以现在的

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观察来说

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常见的，实际上并不是我们的软件开发这个领域

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而是其他的一些领域

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比如说

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计算机科学

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的基础理论

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像学校

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针对相关专业

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都会有一些基础课嘛

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那其中有一门形式语言

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与自动机

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那这个

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里面实际上就是

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状态的

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理论

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这个里面

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那另外一个经常出现的是电子工程

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像数字电路设计等等

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基于有限状态机的

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包括一些那个

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工具的软件等等

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电路设计的软件等等

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都是上面有大量的状态机的功能

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那这些都是跟我们软件开发呀

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没有

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直接关系的

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那在软件上面的话

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我们往往能够观察到的，经常出现的就是嵌入式系统

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里面会

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用到状态机

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但是对于

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更多人做的系统

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像企业应用，互联网应用等等

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我们很多人做的，实际上用的并不多

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大多数程序员

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你问他状态机

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什么什么什么

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他可能

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并不知道

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即使他以前是计算机专业

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出来的

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上学时候学过

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但实际上工作几年也忘记了

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因为在工作中

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如果他是做企业应用之类的

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互联网应用

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他可能

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也接触不到

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然后呢

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你问他状态机

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他可能也

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不知道或想不起来是个什么东西了

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反倒是

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电子工程师

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在工作中会大量的使用

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所以呢，我们这个课程的话

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就是探讨

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就是说，怎样在软件开发里面

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能够把它用上

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在适当的场合

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用上

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来改善我们软件开发的一些质量

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这是我们说的，状态机的现状

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实际上在我们大多数

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软件开发人员里面用的并不多

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除了刚才讲的，就是做一些实时嵌入系统的

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实际上也未必

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就用

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因为

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很多嵌入式系统

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也没有在用状态机

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因为

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如果是用的话

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他肯定要用工具嘛

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对吧

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用工具他就得用

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比如说，一些状态机工具

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不管你是不是在

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普遍UML工具还是专门画状态机的

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UML工具像EA、Rhapsody、MagicDraw

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如果是

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专门画状态机的

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什么Visual State

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只能画状态机

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他如果要用状态机

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他肯定会用到这样一些工具来画

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然后帮助生成代码什么的

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但实际上

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我们去观察的话

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即使他做嵌入式软件

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他用的

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比例也并不大

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那为什么是这样

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这个的话

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不只是状态机

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像别的UML相关的一些

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建模的元素，用得实际上

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也并不多，也并不是很好

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这是一个

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普遍的现象

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我们之前也说过很多遍了

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它是有门槛的

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很多人实际上

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这个门槛并没有跨过去

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并没有咬咬牙去掌握它

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第二个

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可能

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很多情况下

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我们并没有这种压力

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要把质量做到这么好

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并没有把质量作为一个非常非常重要的指标

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得过且过

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所以我们

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不只针对状态机的

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所有的建模都是一样的

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就是说怎样才能把建模做得好

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我们说过很多遍了

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要有冠军的心

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对吧

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冠军的心，没有这个的话，很可能讲完了就

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像水洗过一样

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什么都没剩下

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因为你又没有这个主动性去追求

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客观上也没有这个环境压迫你

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鼓励你去这样做

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那既然没有主动

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也没有客观

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没有主观

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也没有客观

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我干嘛要去改进呢

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干嘛要去学这个东西呢

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对吧

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好

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这是我们说的现状

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我们来先看一下

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状态机

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以及相关的这些理论或概念的发展的历史

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状态机的话

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它的起源并不是软件开发

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因为

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你看这个年代

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一九五几年，对吧

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软件当时都还没有

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概念都还没有出来呢

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对吧

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当时叫程序而已

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计算机程序

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要形成软件那个概念

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到后面了

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更不用说软件工程

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1968年才有软件工程

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这样一个提法

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那一开始解决的是

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电路的问题

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数字电路的问题

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组合逻辑电路

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输入

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然后呢

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进来

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然后这边就会有各种输出

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输入进来，这边输出，这个逻辑

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是怎么决定的

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那么

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或者说，里面的逻辑怎么把它表达和整理

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这些人就写了论文了

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对吧

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最早的是这个

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跟现在的状态机相关的是Huffman，哈夫曼

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就是那个哈夫曼算法

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那个哈夫曼

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但是这个文章不是说那个算法的

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说算法

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另外的文章

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他写了个文章

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时序

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开关

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电路的综合

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这样一个文章

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那后来其他人又在这个基础上

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又发了其他文章

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几个典型嘛

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一个是Mealy这个

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这个文章，还有Moore这个文章

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所以后面

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就把

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这些文章里面提到的

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对状态机的看法或者观点

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就叫做Mealy机或Moore机

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那Mealy机

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就是说

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输出

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也就是我们现在UML说的那个效果

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00:10:56,430 --> 00:10:56,856

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输出

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或者现在UML的效果

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它是由迁移决定

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这个是

254
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比较容易理解的

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迁移过程中，相当于一会我们要讲的

256
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这个action 

257
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斜杠右边action，就是输出嘛

258
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这边是事件嘛

259
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对吧

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由迁移来在这里表达