C++ 类中的静态成员

16.4.7.static Members of Class Templates

template<class T> class Foo {

public:

staticstd::size_t count() { return ctr; }

//other interface members

private:

staticstd::size_t ctr;

//other implementation members

};

Each instantiation of class Foohas its own staticmember:

//Each object shares the same Foo<int>::ctrand Foo<int>::countmembers

Foo<int>fi, fi2, fi3;

//has static members Foo<string>::ctrand Foo<string>::count

Foo<string>fs;

Usinga staticMember of a Class Template

Of course, when we attempt to use

the staticmember through the class, we must refer to anactual instantiation:

Foo<int>fi, fi2; // instantiates Foo<int> class

size_tct = Foo<int>::count(); // instantiates Foo<int>::count

ct =fi.count(); // ok: uses Foo<int>::count

ct =fi2.count(); // ok: uses Foo<int>::count

ct =Foo::count(); // error: which template instantiation?

Like any other memberfunction, a staticmember function is instantiated only if it is used in a program.

Defininga static Member

As with any otherstaticdata member, there must be a definition for the data member that appearsoutside the class. In the case of a class template static, themember definition must  inidicate that itis for a class template:

template<class T>

size_tFoo<T>::ctr = 0; // define and initialize ctr