https://blog.csdn.net/u013541523/article/details/83154480
时间计算
pcl中计算程序运行时间有很多函数,其中利用控制台的时间计算是:
首先必须包含头文件 #include <pcl/console/time.h>,其次,pcl::console::TicToc time; time.tic(); +程序段 + cout<<time.toc()/1000<<“s”<<endl;就可以以秒输出“程序段”的运行时间。
如何实现类似pcl::PointCloud::Ptr和pcl::PointCloud的两个类相互转换?
#include <pcl/io/pcd_io.h>
#include <pcl/point_types.h>
#include <pcl/point_cloud.h>
pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>::Ptr cloudPointer(new pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>);
pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ> cloud;
cloud = *cloudPointer;
cloudPointer = cloud.makeShared();
如何查找点云的x,y,z的极值?
#include <pcl/io/pcd_io.h>
#include <pcl/point_types.h>
#include <pcl/common/common.h>
pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>::Ptr cloud;
cloud = pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>::Ptr (new pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>);
pcl::io::loadPCDFile<pcl::PointXYZ> ("your_pcd_file.pcd", *cloud);
pcl::PointXYZ minPt, maxPt;
pcl::getMinMax3D (*cloud, minPt, maxPt);
如果知道需要保存点的索引,如何从原点云中拷贝点到新点云?
#include <pcl/io/pcd_io.h>
#include <pcl/common/impl/io.hpp>
#include <pcl/point_types.h>
#include <pcl/point_cloud.h>
pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>::Ptr cloud(new pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>);
pcl::io::loadPCDFile<pcl::PointXYZ>("C:\office3-after21111.pcd", *cloud);
pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>::Ptr cloudOut(new pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>);
std::vector<int > indexs = { 1, 2, 5 };
pcl::copyPointCloud(*cloud, indexs, *cloudOut);
如何从点云里删除和添加点?
#include <pcl/io/pcd_io.h>
#include <pcl/common/impl/io.hpp>
#include <pcl/point_types.h>
#include <pcl/point_cloud.h>
pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>::Ptr cloud(new pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>);
pcl::io::loadPCDFile<pcl::PointXYZ>("C:\office3-after21111.pcd", *cloud);
pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>::iterator index = cloud->begin();
cloud->erase(index);//删除第一个
index = cloud->begin() + 5;
cloud->erase(cloud->begin());//删除第5个
pcl::PointXYZ point = { 1, 1, 1 };
//在索引号为5的位置1上插入一点,原来的点后移一位
cloud->insert(cloud->begin() + 5, point);
cloud->push_back(point);//从点云最后面插入一点
std::cout << cloud->points[5].x;//输出1
如果删除的点太多建议用上面的方法拷贝到新点云,再赋值给原点云,如果要添加很多点,建议先resize,然后用循环向点云里的添加。
如何对点云进行全局或局部变换
#include <pcl/io/pcd_io.h>
#include <pcl/common/impl/io.hpp>
#include <pcl/point_types.h>
#include <pcl/point_cloud.h>
#include <pcl/common/transforms.h>
pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>::Ptr cloud (new pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>);
pcl::io::loadPCDFile("path/.pcd",*cloud);
//全局变化
//构造变化矩阵
Eigen::Matrix4f transform_1 = Eigen::Matrix4f::Identity();
float theta = M_PI/4; //旋转的度数,这里是45度
transform_1 (0,0) = cos (theta); //这里是绕的Z轴旋转
transform_1 (0,1) = -sin(theta);
transform_1 (1,0) = sin (theta);
transform_1 (1,1) = cos (theta);
// transform_1 (0,2) = 0.3; //这样会产生缩放效果
// transform_1 (1,2) = 0.6;
// transform_1 (2,2) = 1;
transform_1 (0,3) = 25; //这里沿X轴平移
transform_1 (1,3) = 30;
transform_1 (2,3) = 380;
pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>::Ptr transform_cloud1 (new pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>);
pcl::transformPointCloud(*cloud,*transform_cloud1,transform_1); //不言而喻
//局部
pcl::transformPointCloud(*cloud,pcl::PointIndices indices,*transform_cloud1,matrix); //第一个参数为输入,第二个参数为输入点云中部分点集索引,第三个为存储对象,第四个是变换矩阵。
链接两个点云字段(两点云大小必须相同)
pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>::Ptr cloud (new pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>);
pcl::io::loadPCDFile("/home/yxg/pcl/pcd/mid.pcd",*cloud);
pcl::NormalEstimation<pcl::PointXYZ,pcl::Normal> ne;
ne.setInputCloud(cloud);
pcl::search::KdTree<pcl::PointXYZ>::Ptr tree (new pcl::search::KdTree<pcl::PointXYZ>());
ne.setSearchMethod(tree);
pcl::PointCloud<pcl::Normal>::Ptr cloud_normals(new pcl::PointCloud<pcl::Normal>());
ne.setKSearch(8);
//ne.setRadisuSearch(0.3);
ne.compute(*cloud_normals);
pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointNormal>::Ptr cloud_with_nomal (new pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointNormal>);
pcl::concatenateFields(*cloud,*cloud_normals,*cloud_with_nomal);
如何从点云中删除无效点
pcl中的无效点是指:点的某一坐标值为nan.
#include <pcl/point_cloud.h>
#include <pcl/point_types.h>
#include <pcl/filters/filter.h>
#include <pcl/io/pcd_io.h>
using namespace std;
typedef pcl::PointXYZRGBA point;
typedef pcl::PointCloud<point> CloudType;
int main (int argc,char **argv)
{
CloudType::Ptr cloud (new CloudType);
CloudType::Ptr output (new CloudType);
pcl::io::loadPCDFile(argv[1],*cloud);
cout<<"size is:"<<cloud->size()<<endl;
vector<int> indices;
pcl::removeNaNFromPointCloud(*cloud,*output,indices);
cout<<"output size:"<<output->size()<<endl;
pcl::io::savePCDFile("out.pcd",*output);
return 0;
}
将xyzrgb格式转换为xyz格式的点云
#include <pcl/io/pcd_io.h>
#include <ctime>
#include <Eigen/Core>
#include <pcl/point_types.h>
#include <pcl/point_cloud.h>
using namespace std;
typedef pcl::PointXYZ point;
typedef pcl::PointXYZRGBA pointcolor;
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
pcl::PointCloud<pointcolor>::Ptr input (new pcl::PointCloud<pointcolor>);
pcl::io::loadPCDFile(argv[1],*input);
pcl::PointCloud<point>::Ptr output (new pcl::PointCloud<point>);
int M = input->points.size();
cout<<"input size is:"<<M<<endl;
for (int i = 0;i <M;i++)
{
point p;
p.x = input->points[i].x;
p.y = input->points[i].y;
p.z = input->points[i].z;
output->points.push_back(p);
}
output->width = 1;
output->height = M;
cout<< "size is"<<output->size()<<endl;
pcl::io::savePCDFile("output.pcd",*output);
}
flann kdtree 查询k近邻
//平均密度计算
pcl::KdTreeFLANN<pcl::PointXYZ> kdtree; //创建一个快速k近邻查询,查询的时候若该点在点云中,则第一个近邻点是其本身
kdtree.setInputCloud(cloud);
int k =2;
float everagedistance =0;
for (int i =0; i < cloud->size()/2;i++)
{
vector<int> nnh ;
vector<float> squaredistance;
// pcl::PointXYZ p;
// p = cloud->points[i];
kdtree.nearestKSearch(cloud->points[i],k,nnh,squaredistance);
everagedistance += sqrt(squaredistance[1]);
// cout<<everagedistance<<endl;
}
everagedistance = everagedistance/(cloud->size()/2);
cout<<"everage distance is : "<<everagedistance<<endl;
#include <pcl/kdtree/kdtree_flann.h>
pcl::KdTreeFLANN<pcl::PointXYZ> kdtree; //创建KDtree
kdtree.setInputCloud (in_cloud);
pcl::PointXYZ searchPoint; //创建目标点,(搜索该点的近邻)
searchPoint.x = 1;
searchPoint.y = 2;
searchPoint.z = 3;
//查询近邻点的个数
int k = 10; //近邻点的个数
std::vector<int> pointIdxNKNSearch(k); //存储近邻点集的索引
std::vector<float>pointNKNSquareDistance(k); //近邻点集的距离
if (kdtree.nearestKSearch(searchPoint,k,pointIdxNKNSearch,pointNKNSquareDistance)>0)
{
for (size_t i = 0; i < pointIdxNKNSearch.size (); ++i)
std::cout << " " << in_cloud->points[ pointIdxNKNSearch[i] ].x
<< " " << in_cloud->points[ pointIdxNKNSearch[i] ].y
<< " " <<in_cloud->points[ pointIdxNKNSearch[i] ].z
<< " (squared distance: " <<pointNKNSquareDistance[i] << ")" << std::endl;
}
//半径为r的近邻点
float radius = 40.0f; //其实是求的40*40距离范围内的点
std::vector<int> pointIdxRadiusSearch; //存储的对应的平方距离
std::vector<float> a;
if ( kdtree.radiusSearch (searchPoint, radius, pointIdxRadiusSearch, a) > 0 )
{
for (size_t i = 0; i < pointIdxRadiusSearch.size (); ++i)
std::cout << " " << in_cloud->points[ pointIdxRadiusSearch[i] ].x
<< " " <<in_cloud->points[ pointIdxRadiusSearch[i] ].y
<< " " << in_cloud->points[ pointIdxRadiusSearch[i] ].z
<< " (squared distance: " <<a[i] << ")" << std::endl;
}
关于ply文件
后缀命名为.ply格式文件,常用的点云数据文件。ply文件不仅可以存储点数据,而且可以存储网格数据. 用emacs打开一个ply文件,观察表头,如果表头element face的值为0,ze则表示该文件为点云文件,如果element face的值为某一正整数N,则表示该文件为网格文件,且包含N个网格.
所以利用pcl读取 ply 文件,不能一味用pcl::PointCloud::Ptr cloud (new pcl::PointCloud)来读取。
在读取ply文件时候,首先要分清该文件是点云还是网格类文件。如果是点云文件,则按照一般的点云类去读取即可,官网例子,就是这样。
如果ply文件是网格类,则需要
pcl::PolygonMesh mesh;
pcl::io::loadPLYFile(argv[1],mesh);
pcl::io::savePLYFile("result.ply", mesh);
读取。(官网例子之所以能成功,是因为它对模型进行了细分处理,使得网格变成了点)
计算点的索引
例如sift算法中,pcl无法直接提供索引(主要原因是sift点是通过计算出来的,在某些不同参数下,sift点可能并非源数据中的点,而是某些点的近似),若要获取索引,则可利用以下函数:
void getIndices (pointcloud::Ptr cloudin, pointcloud keypoints, pcl::PointIndices::Ptr indices)
{
pcl::KdTreeFLANN<pcl::PointXYZ> kdtree;
kdtree.setInputCloud(cloudin);
std::vector<float>pointNKNSquareDistance; //近邻点集的距离
std::vector<int> pointIdxNKNSearch;
for (size_t i =0; i < keypoints.size();i++)
{
kdtree.nearestKSearch(keypoints.points[i],1,pointIdxNKNSearch,pointNKNSquareDistance);
// cout<<"the distance is:"<<pointNKNSquareDistance[0]<<endl;
// cout<<"the indieces is:"<<pointIdxNKNSearch[0]<<endl;
indices->indices.push_back(pointIdxNKNSearch[0]);
}
}
其思想就是:将原始数据插入到flann的kdtree中,寻找keypoints的最近邻,如果距离等于0,则说明是同一点,提取索引即可.
计算质心
Eigen::Vector4f centroid; //质心
pcl::compute3DCentroid(*cloud_smoothed,centroid); //估计质心的坐标
从网格提取顶点(将网格转化为点)
#include <pcl/io/io.h>
#include <pcl/io/pcd_io.h>
#include <pcl/io/obj_io.h>
#include <pcl/PolygonMesh.h>
#include <pcl/point_cloud.h>
#include <pcl/io/vtk_lib_io.h>//loadPolygonFileOBJ所属头文件;
#include <pcl/io/vtk_io.h>
#include <pcl/io/ply_io.h>
#include <pcl/point_types.h>
using namespace pcl;
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
pcl::PolygonMesh mesh;
// pcl::io::loadPolygonFileOBJ(argv[1], mesh);
pcl::io::loadPLYFile(argv[1],mesh);
pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>::Ptr cloud(new pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>);
pcl::fromPCLPointCloud2(mesh.cloud, *cloud);
pcl::io::savePCDFileASCII("result.pcd", *cloud);
return 0;
}
以上代码可以从.obj或.ply面片格式转化为点云类型。