2020 年 12 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 2 套）——解析版

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2020年12月大学英语四级考试真题(二)

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions： For this part,you are allowed 80 minutes to write on the topic Changes in the Way of Transportation. You should write at least 120 wonds but no more than 180 words.

Part ll Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)

Section A

Directions： In this section,you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will bespoken only once.After you hear a question, you m.ust choo-.w! the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

  (1) A waiter has returned a check worth nearly $424,000 to the retired social worker who lost it. The waiter found a bank envelope while cleaning off a table last Saturday at a restaurant.He ran outside but the customer was gone.He opened the envelope and got a shock.After an unsuccessful search,the restaurant’s owner called the Daily News for help.The“relieved”customer was reunited with her check on Wednesday.It contained money from her apartment sale,already planned for a down payment on a new home.The customer did not tip the waiter after her meal.(2)She tried to give him money later on,but he graciously declined. The waiter,who’s working his way through school,did accept the customer’s apology and gratitude and said he was happy to have helped her.

2020-12-02-01.—开头第一句—没有原词复现，需要推理

1. A.He wanted to buy a home.
   B. He suffered from a shock.
   C. He lost a huge sum of money.
   D. He did an unusual good deed.

1. A.他想买房子。
B.他受到了惊吓。
C.他损失了一大笔钱。
D.他做了一件不寻常的好事。

1.What does the news report say about the waiter?
D【精析】细节推断题。新闻开头即点明了服务员所做的事情，他将一张面值四十多万美元的支票还给了失主——一位退休的社工。由此可知，这位服务员做了件不同寻常的好事。

2020-12-02-02.—结尾第二句—原词复现一个“money”

2. A. Invite the waiter to a fancy dinner.
   B. Tell her story to the Daily News .
   C. Give some money to the waiter.
   D. Pay the waiter’s school tuition.

2. A.请服务员吃顿丰盛的晚餐。
B.把她的故事告诉《每日新闻》。
C.给服务员一些钱。
D.支付服务员的学费。

2.What did the customer try to do when she got her check back?
C【精析】细节辨认题。新闻中提到，那位丢失支票的顾客想给服务员一笔钱，但是服务员婉言谢绝了。

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

  (3) The village of Maref in Alaska voted on Tuesday to move to the state’s mainland. The move is due to global warming and rising sea levels.Most of the village’s 169 registered voters took part in the town hall meeting.They decided in a vote of 89 to 78 to move from their land on Sarichef Island,near the Arctic Circle. (4) Maref Council Secretary Donna Barr said the vote was largely symbolic.It will be costly financially to the community.“About 15 years ago,they estimated the cost at $180 million.I would figure it’s much higher now,"Barr said.“We don’t see the move happening in our lifetime because of the funding.” The village’s roughly 650 residents have seen warming temperatures melt sea ice and permanently frozen land.This has resulted in houses falling into the water.At least 31 villages in Alaska face"immediate threats"due to climate change,the Government Accountability Office reported in 2009.

2020-12-02-03.—开头第一句—原词复现六个“to move to the state’s mainland”

3. A.Whether or not to move to the state’s mainland.
   B. How to keep the village from sinking into the sea.
   C. Where to get the funds for rebuilding their village.
   D. What to do about the rising level of the seawater.

3. A.是否搬到该州的大陆。
B.如何防止村庄沉入大海。
C.从哪里获得重建村庄的资金。
D.海平面上升的问题。

3.What is Maref’s vote on Tuesday about?
A【精析】细节辨认题。新闻开篇指出，马廖夫村的村民周二投票是为了决定是否搬往该州的内陆地区。

2020-12-02-04.—结尾第四五句—原词复现一个“cost”

4. A.It takes too long a time.
   B.It costs too much money.
   C. It has to wait for the state’s fina approval.
   D. It faces strong opposition from many villagers.

4. A.花的时间太长了。
B.太贵了。
C.它必须等待国家的最终批准。
D.它面临许多村民的强烈反对。

4.Why did Donna Barr say they wouldn’t see the plan carried out any time soon?

B【精析】目的原因题。新闻中提到，Donna Barr说这次投票基本上是象征性的，此举会对社区造成经济损失。15年前，预计搬迁成本是1.8亿美元，现如今的费用只会更高。Barr 认为，由于资金问题， 这一项目恐怕难以实施。

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

  (5) A man in Halifax,Canada,wanted to find out if people were thankful for someone holding the door open for them. (7) The social experiment showed that 99 out of 100 people expressed gratitude . “I didn’t think we were going to get 99.I don’t know why,but I was pleasantly surprised because it went beyond just 'thank you.'People got into conversations with us,"said Steve Foran,CEO of Gratitude at Work.“What we know from research is that from grateful people come good things,"he said.(6)“A simple way to induce gratitude in people is opening doors and so we went to six places and opened the doors for people.”For the experiment, Foran’s team went to a shopping center,a mall,two office buildings,and a coffee shop. The door was held for 15 to 20 people at a time at each location.“We did have one that didn’t say thank you.We’re not here to judge them because on any given day,that could be me or you.I suspect out of the 100 people,there were probably a bunch of them having a bad day,but grateful people make people grateful,"said Foran.

2020-12-02-05.—开头第一句—没有原词复现

5. A. To investigate whether people are grateful for help.
   B. To see whether people hold doors open for strangers.
   C. To explore ways of inducing gratitude in people.
   D. To find out how people express gratitude.

5. A.调查人们是否感激别人的帮助。
B.看人们是否为陌生人开门。
C.探索诱导人们感恩的方法。
D.了解人们如何表达感激之情。

5.What is the purpose of the social experiment?
A【精析】细节辨认题。新闻开头提到，加拿大哈利法克斯的一位男士想要弄清楚人们是否会对那些帮他们开门的人表达感谢。

2020-12-02-06.—开头第七句—定位太难，原词复现六个“places and opened the doors for people”

6. A. They induced strangers to talk with them.
   B. They helped 15 to 20 people in a bad mood.
   C. They held doors open for people at various places.
   D. They interviewed people who didn’t say thank you.

6. A.他们诱使陌生人与他们交谈。
B.他们帮助了15到20个心情不好的人。
C.他们在不同的地方为人们开门。
D.他们面试那些不说谢谢的人。

6.What did Steve Foran and his team do in the experiment?
C【精析】细节辨认题。新闻中说，让人心存感激的一个方法就是帮他们敞开方便之门，在实验中 Foran 的团队去了几个不同的地方，分别是一个购物中心、一个大型商场、两栋办公楼和一家咖啡馆。

2020-12-02-07.—开头第二句—定位难—原词复现两个“expressed gratitude”

7. A.People can be educated to be grateful.
   B. Most people express gratitude for help.
   C. Most people have bad days now and then.
   D.People are ungrateful when in a bad mood.

7. A.人们可以被教育去感恩。
B.大多数人对帮助表示感谢。
C.大多数人都有不顺心的时候。
d.心情不好的人是忘恩负义的。

7.What do we learn from the news report?
B【精析】细节辨认题。新闻中提到，实验发现，99% 的人都对帮他们开门的人表达了感谢。也就是说， 大多数人会对帮助表达感谢。

Section B

Directions： In this section,you will hear twolong conversations. At the,end of each conversation,you will hear four questions. Both the conver：sation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Then mark the ro"esponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. A.To order a solar panel installation.
   B. To report a serious leak in his roof.
   C. To enquire about solar panel installations.
   D. To complain about the faulty solar panels.

9. A.He plans to install solar panels.
   B. He owns a four-bedroom house.
   C. He saves $300 a year.
   D. He has a large family.

10. A. The service of the solar panel company.
    B. The cost of a solar panel installation.
    C. The maintenance of the solar panels.
    D. The quality of the solar panels.

11. A.One year and a half.
    B. Less than four years. ’
    C. Roughly six years.
    D. About five years.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A. At a travel agency.
    C.At an airline transfer service.
    B. At an Australian airport.
    D.At a local transportation authority.

13. A. She would be able to visit more scenic spots.
    B. She wanted to save as much money as possible.
    C. She would like to have everything taken care of.
    D. She wanted to spend more time with her family.

14. A. Four days.
    B. Five days.
    C. One week.
    D. Two weeks.

15. A. Choosing some activities herself.
    B. Spending Christmas with Australians.
    C. Driving along tjhe Great Ocean Road.
    D. Leaming more about wine making.

Section C

Directions：In this section,you w.ill hearthnee passages. At the end of each passage ,you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question , you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre .

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A. Bring their own bags when shopping.
    B. Use public transport when traveling.
    C.Dispose of their trash properly.
    D.Pay a green tax upon arrival.

17. A.It has not been doing a good job in recycling.
    B. It has witnessed a rise in accidental drowning.
    C. It has not attracted many tourists in recent years.
    D. It has experienced an overall decline in air quality.

18. A.To charge a small fee on plastic products in supermarkets.
    B. To ban single-use plastic bags and straws on Bali Island.
    C.To promote the use of paper bags for shopping.
    D. To impose a penalty on anyone caught littering.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A. It gives birth to several babies at a time.
    B. It is the least protected mammal species.
    C.Its·breeding grounds are now better preserved.
    D. Its population is.now showing signs of increase.

20. A. Global warming.
    B. Polluted seawaters.
    C. Commercial hunting.
    D. Decreasing birthrates.

21. A. To mate.
    B. To look for food.
    C. To escape hunters.
    D. To seek breeding grounds.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A. They prefer to drink low-fat milk.
    B. They think milk is good for health.
    C. They consume less milk these days.
    D. They buy more milk than the British.

23. A. It is not as healthy as once thought.
    B. It is not easy to stay fresh for long.
    C. It benefits the elderly more.
    D.It tends to make people fat.

24. A. They drink too many pints every day.
    B. They are sensitive to certain minerals.
    C. They lack the necessary proteins to digest it.
    D. They have eaten food incompatible with milk.

25. A.It is easier for sick people to digest.
    B. It provides some necessary nutrients.
    C. It is healthier than other animal products.
    D. It supplies the body with enough calories.

PartIII Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions： In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making) your choices. Each choice. in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
  When my son completes a task,I can’t help but praise him. It’s only natural to give praise where praise is due,right? But is there ·such a thing as too much praise?
  According to psychologist Katherine Phillip, children don’t benefit from 26 praise as much as we’d like to think. “Parents’ often praise, believing they are building their child’s self-confidence. However, over-praising can have a 27 effect,” says Phillip."When we use the same praise 28 , it may become empty and no longer valued·by the child. It can also become an expectation that anything they do must be 29 with praise. This may lead to the child avoiding taking risks due to fear of 30 their parents. "
  Does this mean we should do away with all the praise? Phillip says no. “The key to healthy praise is to focus on the process rather than the 31 . It is the recognition of a child’s attempt, or the process in which they achieved something, that is essential,” she says. "Parents should encourage their child to take the risks needed to learn and grow. "
  So how do we break the 32 of praise we’re all so accustomed to? Phillip says it’s important to 33 between “person praise” and “process praise”. “Person praise is 34 saying how great someone is. It’s a form of personal approval. Process praise is acknowledgement of the efforts the person has just 35 . Children who receive person praise are more likely to feel shame after losing,” ·says Phillip.

A.choose
B. constant
C. disappointing
D. distinguish
E. exhausting
F. experienced
G. negative
H. outcome
I. pattern
J. plural
K. repeatedly
L. rewarded
M. separately
N. simply
O. undertaken

Section B

Directions： In this section, yo;u are going to read a passage with ten · statements aitached to it. Each statement contains information given in o.ne of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph · more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the correspondinrg letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Poverty is a story about us,not them

A. Too often still,we think we know what poverty looks like. 'It’s the way we’ve been taught,the images we’ve been force-fed for decades. The chronically hoineless. The undocumented immigrant. The l urban poor,usually personified as a woman of color,the “welfare queen” politicians still too often reference.

B. But as income inequality rises to record levels in the United States, even in the midst of a record economic expansion, those familiar images are outdated, hurtful, and counterproductive to focusing attention on solutions and building ladders of opportunity.

C. Today’s faces of income inequality and lack of opportunity- look like all of us. It’s Anna Landre, a disabled Georgetown University student fighting to keep health benefits that allow her the freedom to live her life. It’s Tiffanie Standard,a counselor for young women of color in·Philadelphia ·who want to be tech entrepreneurs-but who must work multiple jobs to ·stay afloat. It’s Ken Outlaw,a welder in rural North Carolina whose dream of going back to school at a local community college was dashed by Hurricane Florence-just one of’the extreme weather events that have tipped the balance for struggling Americans across the nation.

D. If these are the central characters of our story about poverty,what layers of perceptions,myths,and realities must we unearth to find meaningful solutions and support? In pursuit of revealing this complicated reality,Mothering Justice,led by women of color,went last year to the ·state capital in Lansing,Michigan, to lobby on issues that affect working mothers. One of the Mothering Justice organizers went to the office of a state representative to talk about the lack of affordable childcare the vestiges (痕迹) of a system that expected mothers to stay home with their children while their husbands worked. A legislative staffer dismissed the activist’s concerns,telling her “my husband took care of that——I stayed home.”

E. That comment,says Mothering Justice director Danielle Atkinson,'“was meant to shame” and relied on the familiar notion that a woman of color concerned about income inequality and programs that promote mobility must by definition be a-single· morn, probably with multiple kids. In this case, the Mothering Justice activist happened to be married. And in ·most cases in the America of 2019, the images that come to mind when we hear the words poverty or income nequality fail miserably in reflecting a complicated reality： poverty touches virtually all of us. The face of income inequality,for all but a very few of us, is the one we each see in the mirror.

F.How many of us are poor in the U.S. ? It depends on who you ask. According to the Census Bureau,38 million people in the U.S.are living below the official poverty thresholds. Taking into account economic need beyond that absolute measure,the Institute for Policy Studies found that 140 million people are poor or low-income. That’s almost half the U.S. population.

G. Whatever the measure,within that massive group,poverty is extremely diverse. We know that some people are more affected than others,like children,the elderly,people with disabilities,and people of color.

H. But the fact that 4 in 10 Americans can’t come up with $.400 in an emergency is a commonly cited statistic for good reason： economic instability stretches across race, gender, and geography. It even reaches into the middle classes,as real wages have stagnated (不增长) for all but the very wealthy and temporary spells of financial instability are not uncommon.

I. Negative images remain of who is living in poverty as well as what is needed to move out of it. The big American mythis that yoµ can pull yourself up by your own efforts and change a bad situation into a good one. The reality is that finding opportunity without help from families, friends, schools, and community is virtually impossible. And the playing field is nothing close to level.

J. The FrameWorks Institute,a research group that focuses on public framing of issues,has studied what sustains stereotypes and narratives of poverty in the United Kingdom. “People view economic success and wellbeing in life as a product 9f choice,willpower,and drive,” says Nat Kendall-Taylor,CEO of FrameWorks. “When we see people who are struggling,” he says,those assumptions ''lead us to the perception that. people in poverty are lazy, they don’t care, and they haven’t made the right decisions. "

K.Does this sound familiar? Similar i<leas surround poverty in the U.S. And these assumptions give a false picture of reality.“When people enter into that pattern of thinking,” says Kendall-Taylor, " it’s cognitively comfortable to make sense of issues of poverty in that way. It creates a kind of cognitive blindness-all of the factors external to a person’s drive and choices that they’ve made become invisible I and fade from view. "

L. Those external factors include the difficulties accompanying low-wage work or structural discrimination based on race,gender,or ability. Assumptions get worse when people who are poor use government benefits to help them surviye. There is a great tension between “the poor” and those who are receiving what has become a dirty word： "welfare. "

M. According to the General Social Sqrvey,71 percent of respondents believe the country is spending too little on “assistance to the poor.” On the other hand,22 percent think we are spending too little on “welfare”： 37 percent-believe we are spending too much.

N. " Poverty has been interchangeable with people of color-specifically black women and black mothers," says Atkinson of Mothering Justice. It’s true that black mothers are more affected by poverty than many other groups, yet they are. disproportionately the face of poverty. For example,Americans routinely overestimate the share of black recipients-of public assistance programs.

O. In reality,most people. will experience some form of financial hardship at some point in their lives. Indeed,people tendto.dip in and out of poverty,perhaps due to unexpected obstacles like losing a job,or when hours of a low-wage job fluctuate.

P. Something each of us can do is to treat each other with the dignity and sympathy that is deserved and to understand deeply that the issue of poverty touches all of us.

36. One legislative staffer assumed that a woman of color who advocated affordable childcare must be a single mother.
37. People from different races,genders, and regions all suffer from a lack of financial security.
38. According to a survey,while the majority believe too little assistance is given to the poor, more than a third believe too much is spent on welfare.
39. A research group has found that Americans who are struggling are-thought to be lazy and to have made the wrong decisions.
40. Under the old system in America, a mother was supposed to stay home and take care of her children.
41. It was found that nearly 50% of Americans are poor or receive low pay.
42. Americans usually overestimate the number of blacks receiving welfare benefits.
43. It is impossible for Americans to lift themselves out of poverty entirely on their own.
44. Nowadays,it seems none of us can getaway from income inequality.
45. Assumptions about poor people become even more negative when-they live on welfare.

Section C

Directions： There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished stltements. For each ofthem there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

  Boredom has,paradoxically, become quite interesting to academics lately. In early May, London’s Boring Conference celebrated seven years of delighting in dullness. At this event,people flocked to talks about weather,traffic jams,and vending-machine sounds, among other sleep-inducing topics.
  What,exactly, is everybody studying? One widely accepted psychological definition of boredom is “the distasteful experience of wanting, but being unable, to engage in satisfying activity.” But how can you quantify a person’s boredom level and compare it with someone else’s? In 1986, psychologists introduced the Boredom Proneness Scale,designed to measure an individual’s overall tendency to feel bored. By contrast, the Multidimensional State Boredom Scale, developed in 2008, measures a person’s feelings of boredom in a given situation.
  Boredom has been linked to behavior issues including inattentive driving,mindless snacking, excessive drinking, and addictive gambling. In fact, many of us would choose pain over boredom. One team of psychologists discovered that two-thirds of men and a quarter of women would rather self-administer electricsbocks than sit alone with their thoughts for 15 minutes. Researching this phenomenon, another team asked volunteers to watch boring, sad, or neutral films, during which they could self-administer electric shocks.The bored volunteers shocked themselves more and harder than the sad or neutral ones did.
  But boredom isn’t all bad. By encouraging self-reflection and daydreaming, it can spur creativity. An early study gave participants abundant time to complete problem-solving and word-association exercises. Once all the obvious answers were exhausted, participants gave more and more inventive answers to combat boredom. A British study took these findings one step further,asking subjects to complete a creative challenge (coming up with a list of alternative uses for a household item). One group of subjects did a boring activity first,while the others went straight to the creative task. Those whose boredom pumps had been primed were more productive.
  In our always-connected world, boredom may be a hard-to-define state, but it is a fertile one. Watch paint dry or water boil,or at least put away your smartphone for a while, and you might unlock your next big idea.

2020-12-02-46.—细节辨认题—定位容易，原词复现—答案难，同义替换难

2020-12-02-46.—难—第一：通过“accepted psychological definition”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项BCD，但是答案是A；第三：从BCD找同义替换，花费时间还没找到。

46. When are people likely to experience boredom,according to an accepted psychological definition?【原文：What,exactly, is everybody studying? One widely accepted psychological definition of boredom is “the distasteful experience of wanting,but being unable, to engage in satisfying activity.” But how can you quantify a person’s boredom level and compare it with someone else’s? In 1986, psychologists introduced the Boredom Proneness Scale,designed to measure an individual’s overall tendency to feel bored. By contrast, the Multidimensional State Boredom Scale, developed in 2008, measures a person’s feelings of boredom in a given situation.】
    A. When they don’t have the chance to do what they want.
    B. When they don’t enjoy the materials they are studying.
    C. When they experience something unpleasant.
    D. When they engage in some routine activities.

46. 根据公认的心理学定义，人们什么时候容易感到无聊？
A.当他们没有机会做自己想做的事情时。
B.当他们不喜欢他们正在学习的材料时。
C.当他们经历不愉快的事情时。
D.当他们从事一些日常活动时。

46.【定位】由题干中的 accepted psychological definition 定位到第二段第二句。

A【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，一个被广泛接受的关于无聊的心理学定义是 “ 因为想参加却不能参加令人满意的活动而产生的令人不快的经历”。选项A 中的don’t have the chance to do what they want 与定位句中的wanting,but being unable,to engage 对应，故答案为A。

【避错】B “当他们不喜欢正在学习的材料”、C “当他们经历了不愉快的事情”和D “当他们参加 一些例行活动”均不符合心理学定义的内容，故排除。

2020-12-02-47.—细节辨认题—难—单词不认识

47. What does the author say boredom can lead to?【原文：Boredom has been linked to behavior issues including inattentive driving,mindless snacking, excessive drinking, and addictive gambling.】
    A. Determination.
    B. Concentration.
    C. Mental deterioration.
    D. Harmful conduct.

47. 作者说无聊会导致什么？
A.决心。
B.浓度。
C.精神退化。
D.有害行为。

47. 【定位】由题干中的 boredom can lead to 定位到第三段第一句。

D【精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，无聊与一些行为问题有关，包括心不在焉地开车、漫不经心地吃零食、过度饮酒和赌博成瘾。这些行为都是不好的行为习惯，与D 项中的Harmful 表述相符，故答案为D。

【避错】文中未提及“决心”，故排除A 。B 选项中的 Concentration “注意力集中”与原文中的 inattentive不符，故排除。过度饮酒和赌博成瘾是颓废堕落的表现，但 mental deterioration“精神颓废”并不能概括以上提到的所有行为，故排除 C。

2020-12-02-48.—细节辨认题—难—原词复现陷阱—“self-administer electricsbocks自我电击"替换为"hurt themselves伤害自己”；“sit alone单独坐着"替换为"endure boredom忍受无聊”

2020-12-02-48.—难—第一：通过“One team of psychologists”定位；第二：找原词复现AD或者类似选项BD，盲选D，错了，选B。

48. What is the finding of one team of psychologists in their experiment?【原文：One team of psychologists discovered that two-thirds of men and a quarter of women would rather self-administer electricsbocks than sit alone with their thoughts for 15 minutes.】
    A. Volunteers prefer watching a boring movie to sitting alone deliberating.
    B. Many volunteers choose to hurt themselves rather than endure boredom.
    C. Male volunteers are more immune to the effects of boredom than females.
    D. Many volunteers are unable to resist boredom longer than fifteen minutes.

48. 一组心理学家在他们的实验中发现了什么？
A.志愿者更喜欢看一部无聊的电影，而不是独自坐着思考。
B.许多志愿者选择伤害自己而不是忍受无聊。
C.男性志愿者比女性更不受无聊的影响。
D.许多志愿者无法忍受超过15分钟的无聊。

48.【定位】由题干中的 finding of one team of psychologists定位到第三段第三句。

B【 精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，一个心理学家小组发现，三分之二的男性和四分之一的女性宁愿自我电击，也不愿独坐15分钟。由此可见，有不少志愿者宁愿自我伤害也不愿忍受无聊，故答案为B。

【避错】A 选项提到的“观看无聊的电影”是另一个研究小组的研究内容，故排除。该项研究发现，三分之二的男性和四分之一的女性宁愿自我电击，男性的比例较高，由此看出，男性更易受到无聊的影响，故排除C 。该项研究只是发现很多人在自我电击和独坐15分钟之间选择了自我伤害，并未明确说明是否无法忍受超过15分钟的无聊，故排除D。

2020-12-02-49.—细节辨认题—易—同义替换—“spur creativity激发创造力"替换为"promote creative thinking促进创造性思维”。

2020-12-02-49.—第一：通过“boredom isn’t all bad”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项C；第三：找同义替换，赌“spur”是跟“promote”一样是褒义的。

49. Why does the author say boredom isn’t all bad?【原文： But boredom isn’t all bad. By encouraging self-reflection and daydreaming, it can spur creativity. 】
    A. It stimulates memorization.
    B. It allows time for relaxation.
    C. It may promote creative thinking.
    D. It may facilitate independent learning.

49. 为什么作者说无聊并不全是坏事？
A.它能刺激记忆。
B.有时间放松。
C.它可以促进创造性思维。
D.它可以促进独立学习。

49.【定位】由题干中的boredom isn’t all bad 定位到第四段第一句。

C【精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，无聊并不都是坏事。随后第二句具体说明无聊的好处，即无聊会促进自我反省和幻想，进而激发创造力。
C 选项与原文内容相符，故为答案。

【避错】文中并未提及无聊能提高记忆力、给人放松的时间或促进自主学习，故排除A、B、D。

2020-12-02-50.—推理判断题—定位按“题文同序原则”，第5题第五段—但是干扰项多，同义替换难—“watch paint dry or water boil看着油漆变干或者水沸腾"替换为"Allow oneself some time to be bored给自己一些无聊的时间”

2020-12-02-50.—第一：通过“题文同序”定位到第5段；第二：找原词复现，选项BD；第三：找同义替换，难找。

50. What does the author suggest one do when faced with a challenging problem?【原文：In our always-connected world, boredom may be a hard-to-define state, but it is a fertile one. Watch paint dry or water boil,or at least put away your smartphone for a while, and you might unlock your next big idea.】
    A. Stop idling and think big.
    B. Unlock one’s smartphone.
    C. Look around oneself for stimulation.
    D. Allow oneself some time to be bored.

50. 当面对一个具有挑战性的问题时，作者建议我们做什么？
A.别游手好闲了，要胸怀大志。
B.解锁智能手机。
C.环顾四周寻找刺激。
D.给自己一些无聊的时间。

50.【定位】由题干中的author suggest 和题文同序原则定位到最后一段第二句。

D 【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，看着油漆变干或者水沸腾，或者至少把智能手机暂时收起来一会儿，可能会让人产生新的点子。做这些事情会让人感到无聊。由以上信息可推断，作者建议大家给自己一段无聊的时间，可能就会想出解决问题的新点子，故答案为D。

【避错】文中没有提及要告别无所事事，大胆想象，故排除A。作者建议暂时把智能手机收起来，B “开启智能手机”与作者的建议相反，故排除。文中未提及四处看看寻找灵感，故排除C。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passgage.

  Forests in countries like Brazil and the Congo get a lot of attention from environmentalists,and it is easy to see why. South America and sub-Saharan Africa are experiencing deforestation on an enormous scale： every year almost 5 million hectares are lost. But forests are also changing in rich Western countries. They are growing larger,both in the sense that they occupy more land and that the trees in them are bigger： What is going on?
  Forests are spreading in almost all Western countries,with the fastest growth in places that historically had rather few trees. In 1990 28% of Spain was forested; now the proportion is 37%. In both Greece and Italy, the growth was from 26% to 32% over the same period. Forests are gradually taking more land in America and Australia. Perhaps most astonishing is the trend in Ireland. Roughly 1% of that country was forested when it became independent in 1922. Now forests cover 11% of the land, and the government wants to push the proportion to 18% by the 2040s.
  Two things are fertilising this growth. The first is the abandonment of farmland, especially in high,dry places where nothing grows terribly well. When farmers give up trying to earn a living from farming or herding,trees simply move in; The second is government policy and subsidy.Throughout history,governments have protected and promoted forests for diverse reasons,ranging from the need for wooden warships to a desire to promote suburban house-building.Nowadays forests are increasingly welcome because they suck in carbon pollution from the air.The justifications change; the desire for more trees remains constant.
  The greening of the West does not delight everyone. Farmers complain that landis being taken out of use by generously subsidised tree plantations. Parts of Spain and Portugal suffer from terrible forest fires. Others simply dislike the appearance of forests planted in neat rows. They will have to get used to the trees,however.The growth of Western forests seems almost as unstoppable as deforestation elsewhere

2020-12-02-51.—细节辨认题—难—同义替换—5 million hectare are lost 替换为 fast shrinking

2020-12-02-51.—第一：通过“attention from environmentalists”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项AD，但是答案是B，且同义替换不明显。

51. What is catching environmentalists’attention nowadays?【原文：Forests in countries like Brazil and the Congo get a lot of attention from environmentalists,and it is easy to see why. South America and sub-Saharan Africa are experiencing deforestation on an enormous scale： every year almost 5 million hectares are lost. But forests are also changing in rich Western countries.They are growing larger,both in the sense that they occupy more land and that the trees in them are bigger：What is going on?】
    A. Rich countries are stripping poor ones of their resources.
    B. Forests are fast shrinking in many developing countries.
    C. Forests are eating away the fertile farmland worldwide.
    D. Rich countries are doing little to address deforestation.

51. 现在是什么引起了环保主义者的注意？
A.富国正在剥夺穷国的资源。
B.许多发展中国家的森林正在迅速萎缩。
C.森林正在吞噬全世界肥沃的农田。
D.富裕国家在解决森林砍伐问题上做得很少。

51.【定位】由题干中的environmentalists’attention定位到第一段第一句。

B【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，巴西和刚果等国的森林受到了环境保护主义者的广泛关注，原因很容易理解。随后进一步指出原因是南美洲和撒哈拉以南的非洲正经历着大规模的森林砍伐，由此可知，这些发展中国家的森林面积在迅速减少，故答案为 B。

【避错】文中未提及 A“富裕国家正在抢夺贫穷国家的资源”，故排除。第三段提到在西方国家，由于某些地区放弃了种什么都长不好的农田，因此才会有树木种进来。由此可知，并非森林侵蚀了肥沃的农田，故排除 C。第三段提到森林面积增加的第二个因素是政府出于各种原因保护和推广森林，由此可知，西方富裕国家对于解决森林砍伐问题并非无作为，故排除 D。

2020-12-02-52.—细节辨认题—难—同义替换—“that historically had rather few trees"替换为"used to have the lowest forest coverage”

2020-12-02-52.—第一：通过“fastest growth”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项ACD；第三：从选项ACD找同义替换，但选项C的同义替换不好找

52. Which countries have the fastest forest growth?【原文：Forests are spreading in almost all Western countries,with the fastest growth in places that historically had rather few trees. In 1990 28% of Spain was forested; now the proportion is 37%. In both Greece and Italy, the growth was from 26% to 32% over the same period. Forests are gradually taking more land in America and Australia. Perhaps most astonishing is the trend in Ireland. Roughly 1% of that country was forested when it became independent in 1922. Now forests cover 11% of the land, and the government wants to push the proportion to 18% by the 2040s.】
    A. Those that have newly achieved independence.
    B. Those that have the greatest demand for timber.
    C. Those that used to have the lowest forest coverage.
    D. Those that provide enormous government subsidies.

52. 哪个国家的森林增长最快？
A.那些刚刚获得独立的国家。
B.那些对木材需求最大的国家。
C.那些曾经森林覆盖率最低的地区。
D.那些提供巨额政府补贴的。

52.【定位】由题干中的fastest forest growth定位到第二段第一句。

【精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，在几乎所有的西方国家，森林正在扩张，在历史上树木稀少的地方增长得最快。C 项中的the lowest forest coverage与定位句中的historically had rather few trees对应，故答案为 C。

【避错】第二段提到爱尔兰在 1922年独立，并不是newly achieved independence，故排除 A “刚取得独立的国家”。

文章未提及 B “对木材有最大需求的国家”，故排除。D 是根据第三段中government policy and subsidy设置的干扰，此处是指政府的政策和补贴促进了森林的扩张，但未提及这个因素和森林增长快之间的关系，故排除D “提供巨大政府补贴的国家”。

2020-12-02-53.—细节辨认题—同义替换—“governments have protected and promoted"替换为"government’s advocacy”

2020-12-02-53.—第一：通过“history”定位，不好找，答案往往就是直接在后面；第二：找原词复现，选项AB；第三：从AB找同义替换，选项A很像是。

53. What has encouraged forest growth historically?【原文：Two things are fertilising this growth. The first is the abandonment of farmland, especially in high,dry places where nothing grows terribly well. When farmers give up trying to earn a living from farming or herding,trees simply move in; The second is government policy and subsidy. Throughout history,governments have protected and promoted forests for diverse reasons,ranging from the need for wooden warships to a desire to promote suburban house-building.Nowadays forests are increasingly welcome because they suck in carbon pollution from the air.The justifications change; the desire for more trees remains constant.】
    A. The government’s advocacy.
    B. The use of wood for fuel.
    C. The favourable climate.
    D. The green movement.

53. 历史上是什么促进了森林的生长？
A.政府的倡导。
B.使用木材作为燃料。
C.有利的气候。
D.绿色运动。

53.【定位】由题干中的encouraged forest growth定位到第三段第一句。

【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，有两个因素在促进这种增长。随后内容具体阐述了这两个因素：放弃农田和政府的政策及补贴。接着第五句指出，纵观历史，政府出于各种原因保护和推广森林。由此可见，政府的倡导促进了历史上森林面积的增加，故答案为 A。

【避错】B“用木头作燃料”、C“良好的气候”、D“绿色运动”均未在文中提及，故排除。

2020-12-02-54.—细节辨认题—易—同义替换—“suck in carbon pollution from the air吸收空气中的碳污染"替换为"capability of improving air quality改善空气质量的能力”

2020-12-02-54.—第一：通过“increasing … forest”定位；第二：找原词复现，选项C；第三：找同义替换，选项C，“suck in carbon pollution from the air吸收空气中的碳污染"替换为"capability of improving air quality改善空气质量的能力”

54. What accounts for our increasing desire for forests?【原文：Nowadays forests are increasingly welcome because they suck in carbon pollution from the air.The justifications change; the desire for more trees remains constant.】
    A. Their unique scenic beauty.
    B. Their use as fruit plantations.
    C. Their capability of improving air quality.
    D. Their stable supply of building materials.

54. 是什么导致我们对森林日益增长的渴望？
A.他们独特的美景。
B.用作水果种植园。
C.他们改善空气质量的能力。
D.他们稳定的建筑材料供应。

54.【定位】由题干中的our increasing desire for forests 定位到第三段倒数第二句。

【精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，现在森林越来越受欢迎，因为它们吸收空气中的碳污染。由此可见，森林可以改善空气质量，故答案为C。

【避错】A“它们独特的美丽风景”、B“它们可用于种植水果”、D“它们可以稳定输出建筑材料”均未在文中提及，故排除。

2020-12-02-55.—推理判断题—难—定位按“题文同序原则”，第5题第五段—推理—由“The growth of Western forests seems almost as unstoppable as deforestation elsewhere”推出“Developed and developing countries are moving in opposite Directions”

2020-12-02-55.—难—第一：通过“forestation”不好定位；第二：找原词复现，选项C，但不对；第三：找同义替换，不好找。

55. What does the author conclude about the prospects of forestation?【原文：The greening of the West does not delight everyone. Farmers complain that landis being taken out of use by generously subsidised tree plantations. Parts of Spain and Portugal suffer from terrible forest fires. Others simply dislike the appearance of forests planted in neat rows. They will have to get used to the trees,however. The growth of Western forests seems almost as unstoppable as deforestation elsewhere.】
    A. Deserts in sub-Saharan Africa will diminish gradually.
    B. It will play a more and more important role in people’s lives.
    C. Forest destruction in the developing world will quickly slowdown.
    D. Developed and developing countries are moving in opposite Directions.

55. 作者对造林的前景有什么结论？
A.撒哈拉以南非洲的沙漠将逐渐减少。
B.它将在人们的生活中扮演越来越重要的角色。
C.发展中国家的森林破坏将迅速减缓。
D.发达国家和发展中国家正朝着相反的方向发展。

55.【定位】由题干中的conclude和 prospects of forestation定位到最后一段最后一句。

D
【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，西方国家森林的增长似乎和其他地方的森林砍伐一样几乎势不可挡。此句作为文章结尾，呼应开头提到的西方富裕国家森林增多，有些发展中国家森林减少。由此推断，作者认为，发达国家和发展中国家正在朝相反的方向发展，故答案为 D。

【避错】由文章最后一句可知，作者认为，西方国家的森林会继续增长，而发展中国家的森林砍伐仍将继续，故A提到的撤哈拉以南的非洲地区的森林将会继续减少，而不是沙漠减少，因此排除。
文中没有提及 B“它会在人们的生活中扮演越来越重要的角色”，故排除。
C中提到的“发展中国家的森林破坏"将会继续，而不是迅速减少，故排除。

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions：For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

  春节前夕吃团圆饭是中国人的传统。团圆饭是一年中最重要的晚餐，也是家庭团聚的最佳时机，家人生活在不同地方的家庭尤其如此。团圆饭上的菜肴丰富多样，其中有些菜肴有特殊含义。例如，鱼是不可缺少的一道菜，因为汉语中的“鱼”字和“余”字听上去一样。在中国的许多地方，饺子也是一道重要的佳肴，因为饺子象征着财富和好运。