2020 年 7 月大学英语四级考试真题（组合卷）——解析版

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2020年7月大学英语四级考试真题

Part I Writing ( 30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the use of translation apps . You can start your essay with the sentence "The use of translation apps is becoming increasingly popular . " You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words .

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension ( 25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports . At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions . Both the news report and the questions will bespoken only once . After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre .

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

  Good morning. In today’s headlines, Scotland’s transport minister has warned of potentially extreme weather conditions as heavy snow is forecast across the country later this week. Orange warnings are in force for many areas for Wednesday and Thursday. (1)The transport minister advised people in parts of Scotland covered by the orange alert to avoid travel on Wednesday. This is what he said to us: “The orange warning may be raised to red in some areas. That is a warning for snow that has never been seen since the modern system came into place in Scotland." The orange warning has been extended until 6 p.m. on Thursday. Trains, planes and ferries are also likely to be affected, with a wind chill that could see parts of Britain feeling as cold as minus 15 degrees Celsius. (2)The head of road policing said, “I would urge drivers to take extra care on the roads fol their journeys. Drivers should make sure they’re prepared for their journey with warm clothing, food and drink, sufficient fuel and a charged mobile phone. There could be significant traffic delavs. so please start to plan your journey now and consider if you really need to travel when conditions are this poor. ”

2020-07-01.—开头第三句—原词复现全部

1. A. Watch the weather forecast.
   B. Evacuate the area with the orange alert.
   C. Avoid travel on Wednesday.
   D. Prepare enough food and drink.

1. A.看天气预报。
B.撤离橙色警报区域。
C.避免在周三出行。
D.准备足够的食物和饮料。

1.What were people in parts of Scotland advised to do?
C【精析】细节辨认题。新闻中提到，交通部长建议受橙色预警影响的苏格兰部分地区的民众避免在周三出行。

2020-07-02.—结尾第二三句—原词复现两个“the road”

2. A. Pay more attention to the roads.
   B. Stay at a safer place.
   C. Bring more mobile phones.
   D. Take a train home.

2. A.多注意道路。
B.呆在比较安全的地方。
C.多带手机。
D.乘火车回家。

2.What did the head of policing urge road drivers to do?
A【精析】细节辨认题。新闻最后提到，道路警察负责人会敦促司机在旅途中格外关注路面状况。司机们出门应做好充分准备，要有御寒的衣服、食物和饮料，要有足够的燃料，并确保手机充满电。

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

  (3)Romania’s wetlands are coming back to life thanks to help from local communities, the World Wildlife Fund, and funding from the European Union. Roughly 2,224 acres of the picturesque Danube Delta-home to 300 species of birds have filled with wildlife. The land has been connected to the network of lakes and streams in the area.
  “A lot of birds have migrated to the area, and one doesn’t need to travel long hours anymore or go to other lakes to watch the birds," says lon Meuta, Deputy Mayor of Mahmudia.
  The area around Mahmudia, which is a UNEsCO World Heritage site, is the third-most bio-diverse in the world, after Australia’s Great Barrier Reef and the Galapagos Islands. Groups used earth-moving equipment to restore the waterways. (4)Government officials proposed to protect the area’s endangered wild fish by issuing a fishing ban over the next decade.

2020-07-03.—开头第一句—原词复现两个

3. A. There is only one ecosystem in Europe.
   B. Romania’s wetlands thrive again.
   C. The wildlife in Romania isn’t well protected.
   D. There are 200 species of birds in Romania’s wetlands.

3. A.欧洲只有一个生态系统。
B.罗马尼亚的湿地再次繁荣。
C.罗马尼亚的野生动物没有得到很好的保护。
D.罗马尼亚的湿地有200种鸟类。

3.What is the news report mainly about?
B【精析】主旨大意题。新闻开头提到，在当地社区世界野生动物基金会和欧盟的资助下，罗马尼亚的湿地正在恢复生机。接下来新闻讲述了该湿地的恢复状况。

2020-07-04.—结尾第一句—复现复现三个“fishing”、“the”、“next”—同义替换“decade”替换为“10 years”【常见】

4. A. Block the waterways.
   B. Restore the fishing ban.
   C. Use monitoring equipment.
   D. Prohibit fishing in the next 10 years.

4. A.堵塞水路。
B.恢复捕鱼禁令。
C.使用监控设备。
D.未来10年禁止捕鱼。

4.What did government officials propose to do to protect the endangered fish?
D【精析】细节辨认题。新闻最后提到，政府官员提议在未来十年颁布禁渔令，以保护该地区濒危的野生鱼类。

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

  Scott Dunn recently awoke from a medically-induced sleep he’d been in after a car accident. He was heartbroken after realizing he’d missed his high school graduation. So his classmates decided to give him another chance. (5)It was just a month ago that East Juniata High School seniors met in the school’s auditorium for graduation. And last week, they did it again. Scott’s car accident was on May 22nd, just three days before the ceremony. (6)“I remember waking up in the hospital and asking mom what date it was. She told me it was the 28th," he said. “I looked at her and said 'I missed my graduation.’" The school’s principal Mr. Fausey called Scott’s mom Karen and said that everybody wanted to do something special for him. Students wore theii caps and gowns and sat in the front of the auditorium. Scott’s parents, Karen and Scott Senior, sat front and center. After brief speeches, Scott’s name was called, only Scott’s name. He walked across the stage as the audience cheered. A graduation for one. (7)“I’m speechless," Scott said. “ don’t know how to even explain it. I’m speechless to know that so many people are behind me.”

2020-07-05.—开头第四句—原词复现两个“car”、“accident”

5. A. He had a car accident.
   B. He attended his graduation ceremony.
   C. He had a heart attack.
   D. He gave a performance in the auditorium.

5. A.他出车祸了。
B.他参加了毕业典礼。
C.他心脏病发作了。
D.他在礼堂里表演。

5.What happened to Scott a month ago?
A【精析】推理判断题。新闻开头提到，一个月前Scott 的高中举行了毕业典礼，而且上周他们又举办了一次。因为 Scott的车祸是在5月22日，正好在毕业典礼之前三天。由此可知，一个月前 Scott出了车祸。

2020-07-06.—开头第六句—原词复现四个“what date it was”

6. A. What happened to him.
   B. What date it was.
   C. When the graduation ceremony was.
   D. Where he was.

6. A.他发生了什么事？
B.那天是什么日子？
C.毕业典礼是什么时候？
D.他在哪里？

6.What did Scott ask about when he regained consciousness?
B【精析】细节辨认题。新闻中提到，Scott 在医院醒来后向妈妈问了一下日期。

2020-07-07.—结尾第一句—原词复现无

7.A. He was really touched by his classmates.
B. He didn’t know what happened at all.
C. He couldn’t remember what to say.
D. His parents wore caps and gowns.

7.A.他真的被同学们感动了。
B.他根本不知道发生了什么事。
C.他记不起该说什么了。
D.他的父母戴着帽子，穿着长袍。

7.Why was Scott speechless at the graduation ceremony?
A【精析】目的原因题。新闻最后提到，在毕业典礼上，Scott 激动得说不出话来，因为他发现有这么多人在支持他。

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations . At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions . Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once . After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre .

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. A. Her children’s disruption.
   B. Quiet atmosphere.
   C. A sense of isolation.
   D. Longer working hours.

9. A. It doesn’t offer coffee.
   B. It’s too quiet.
   C. It doesn’t have free Wi-Fi.
   D. It lacks the material he needs.

10. A. The sense of being out in the world.
    B. The coffee it provides.
    C. The coffee table.
    D. The comfortable working condition.

11. A. People don’t order anything.
    B. People bring their laptops and paperwork.
    C. People occupy valuable table space in quiet times.
    D. People of two occupy a table for six.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A. She is not satisfied with the salary.
    B. She is not capable of the job.
    C. She often works overtime.
    D. She’s received a job offer from another company.

13. A. They may be considered as less loyal.
    B. They won’t get the promotion opportunities.
    C. They should take more responsibility at work.
    D. They will be given hiring priority.

14. A. She might have to do extra work everyday.
    B. She might not get a pay rise.
    C. She might not get enough vacation.
    D. She might not gain more experience.

15. A. Experience.
    B. Confidence.
    C. Fortune.
    D. Opportunity.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages . At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions . Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once . After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A. It’s a horrible feeling.
    B. It can be a blessing.
    C. It’s boring and dangerous.
    D. It’s the most comfortable state.

17. A. To be active.
    B. To meet up with your friends.
    C. To travel abroad.
    D. To seek advice from others.

18. A. It provides a chance for people to think deeply.
    B. It makes us treasure the time.
    C. It enables one to identify true friends.
    D. It helps us take care of problems more efficiently.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A. He is a harsh person.
    B. He is mean to others.
    C. He is very demanding in his work.
    D. He usually works very late.

20. A. He moved out and divorced.
    B. It was plagued by drugs and gang violence.
    C. He lived there for 20 years.
    D. His parents would move into his new house.

21. A. He was only responsible for unloading food.
    B. He had to sign his name on every label.
    C. It was a hard and tedious job.
    D. He was required to work at Friday night.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A. By recording the time people spend on TV.
    B. By tracking people’s living habits.
    C. By using memory and fluency tests.
    D. By scanning people’s brains.

23. A. Watching television for hours.
    B. Playing video games.
    C. Reading books and magazines.
    D. Surfing the Internet.

24. A. Television viewing may be a potential factor for Alzheimer’s disease.
    B. Alzheimer’s patients tend to watch television more than 3 hours a day.
    C. Some research has confirmed the link between them.
    D. Television watching is beneficial to Alzheimer’s patients.

25. A. Watch television no more than 3 hours each day.
    B. Balance television viewing with other contrasting activities.
    C. Watch some educational TV programs.
    D. Take more physical exercise.

Part III Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks . You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage . Read the passage through carefully before making your choices . Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter . Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre . You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once .
  "Science and everyday life cannot and should not be separated. " Those were the words uttered by pioneering British scientist Rosalind Franklin, who firmly believed that the pursuit of science should be 26 to all.
  As a woman working in the first half of the 20th century, Franklin’s contributions to some of the greatest scientific discoveries of our time including the structure of DNA were sadly 27 in her lifetime.
  More than 60 years after Franklin’s death, we are 28 living in a different world, where women play an important part in every echelon (阶层) of our society-not least in science, innovation, higher education and research. UK universities are world leaders when it comes to advancing and 29 gender equality.
  In the past decade, we have seen a 30 increase in England in the number of women accepted on to full-time undergraduate degrees in science, technology, engineering and maths (Stem subjects) . And in the last academic year, women 31 for more than half of all Stem postgraduates at UK universities.
  Data shows us the 32 to success gets harder for women to climb the further up they go. Although women make up the majority of undergraduates in our universities, just under half of academic staff are female. At 33 levels, only a quarter of professors are women, and black women make up less than 2% of all female academic staff.
  There are also stark differences in pay across grades. The gender pay gap based on median salaries across the sector in 2016 - 2017 was 13. 7% , 34 there is still some way to go to ensure women are rising through the ranks to higher grade positions and being paid 35 .

A. accessible
B. accounted
C. adaptation
D. appropriately
E. considerable
F. effective
G. ladder
H. misread
I. nomination
J. overlooked
K. promoting
L. senior
M. submission
N. suggesting
O. thankfully

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it . Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs . Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived . You may choose a paragraph more than once . Each paragraph is marked with a letter . Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

How to Eat Well

A. Why do so many Americans eat tons of processed food, the stuff that is correctly called junk（垃圾） and should really carry warning labels?

B. It’s not because fresh ingredients are hard to come by. Supermarkets offer more variety than ever, and there are over four times as many farmers’ markets in the US as there were 20 years ago. Nor is it for lack of available information. There are plenty of recipes (食谱) , how-to videos and cooking classes available to anyone who has a computer, smartphone or television. If anything, the information is overwhelming.

C. And yet we aren’t cooking. If you eat three meals a day and behave like most Americans, you probably get at least a third of your daily calories （卡路里） outside the home. Nearly two-thirds of us grab fast food once a week, and we get almost 25% of our daily calories from snacks. So we’re eating out or taking in, and we don’t sit down or we do, but we hurry.

D. Shouldn’t preparing and consuming food be a source of comfort, pride, health, well-being, relaxation, sociability? Something that connects us to other humans? Why would we want to outsource （外包） this basic task, especially when outsourcing it is so harmful?

E. When I talk about cooking, I’m not talking about creating elaborate dinner parties or three-day science projects. I’m talking about simple, easy, everyday meals. My mission is to encourage green hands and those lacking time or money to feed themselves. That means we need modest, realistic expectations, and we need to teach people to cook food that’s good enough to share with family and friends.

F. Perhaps a return to real cooking needn’t be far off. A recent Harris poll revealed that 79% of Americans say they enjoy cooking and 30% “love it”; 14% admit to not enjoying kitchen work and just 7% won’t go near the stove at all. But this doesn’t necessarily translate to real cooking, and the result of this survey shouldn’t surprise anyone: 52% of those 65 or older cook at home five or more times per week; only a third of young people do.

G. Back in the 1950s most of us grew up in households where Mom cooked virtually every night. The intention to put a home-cooked meal on the table was pretty much universal. Most people couldn’t afford to do otherwise.

H. Although frozen dinners were invented in the '40s, their popularity didn’t boom until televisions became popular a decade or so later. Since then, packaged, pre-prepared meals have been what’s for dinner. The microwave and fast-food chains were the biggest catalysts (催化剂) , but the big food companies which want to sell anything except the raw ingredients that go into cooking made the home cook an endangered species.

I. Still, I find it strange that only a third of young people report preparing meals at home regularly. Isn’t this the same crowd that rails against processed junk and champions craft cooking? And isn’t this the generation who say they’re concerned about their health and the well-being of the planet? If these are truly the values of many young people, then their behavior doesn’t match their beliefs.

J. There have been half-hearted but well-publicized efforts by some food companies to reduce calories in their processed foods, but the Standard American Diet is still the polar opposite of the healthy, mostly plant- based diet that just about every expert says we should be eating. Considering that the government’s standards are not nearly ambitious enough, the picture is clear: by not cooking at home, we’re not eating the right things, and the consequences are hard to overstate.

K. To help quantify (量化) the costs of a poor diet, I recently tried to estimate this impact in terms of a most famous food, the burger（汉堡包）.I concluded that the profit from burgers is more than offset （抵消） by the damage they cause in health problems and environmental harm.

L. Cooking real food is the best defense not to mention that any meal you’re likely to eat at home contains about 200 fewer calories than one you would eat in a restaurant.

M. To those Americans for whom money is a concern, my advice is simple: Buy what you can afford, and cook it yourself. The common prescription is to primarily shop the grocery store, since that’s where fresh produce, meat and seafood, and dairy are. And to save money and still eat well you don’t need local, organic ingredients; all you need is real food. I’m not saying local food isn’t better; it is. But there is plenty of decent food in the grocery stores.

N. The other sections you should get to know are the frozen foods and the canned goods. Frozen produce is still produce; canned tomatoes are still tomatoes. Just make sure you’re getting real food without tons of added salt or sugar. Ask yourself, would Grandma consider this food? Does it look like something that might occur in nature? It’s pretty much common sense: you want to buy food, not unidentifiable foodlike objects.

O. You don’t have to hit the grocery store daily, nor do you need an abundance of skill. Since fewer than half of Americans say they cook at an intermediate level and only 20% describe their cooking skills as advanced, the crisis is one of confidence. And the only remedy for that is practice. There’s nothing mysterious about cooking the evening meal. You just have to do a little thinking ahead and redefine what qualifies as dinner. Like any skill, cooking gets easier as you do it more; every time you cook, you advance your level of skills.Someday you won’t even need recipes. My advice is that you not pay attention to the number of steps and ingredients, because they can be deceiving.

P. Time, I realize, is the biggest obstacle to cooking for most people. You must adjust your priorities to find time to cook. For instance, you can move a TV to the kitchen and watch your favorite shows while you’re standing at the sink. No one is asking you to give up activities you like, but if you’re watching food shows on TV, try cooking instead.

36. Cooking benefits people in many ways and enables them to connect with one another.
37. Abundant information about cooking is available either online or on TV.
38. Young people do less cooking at home than the elderly these days.
39. Cooking skills can be improved with practice.
40. In the mid-20th century, most families ate dinner at home instead of eating out.
41. Even those short of time or money should be encouraged to cook for themselves and their family.
42. Eating food not cooked by ourselves can cause serious consequences.
43. To eat well and still save money, people should buy fresh food and cook it themselves.
44. We get a fairly large portion of calories from fast food and snacks.
45. The popularity of TV led to the popularity of frozen food.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there arefour choices marked A,B,C and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

  The wallet is heading for extinction. As a day-to-day essential, it will die off with the generation who read print newspapers. The kind of shopping-where you hand over notes and count out change in return-now happens only in the most minor of our retail encounters, like buying a bar of chocolate or a pint of milk, from a corner shop. At the shops where you spend any real money, that money is increasingly abstracted. And this is more and more true, the higher up the scale you go. At the most cutting-edge retail stores Victoria Beckham on Dover Street, for instance-you don’t go and stand at any kind of cash register, when you decide to pay. The staff are equipped with iPads to take your payment while you relax on a sofa.
  Which is nothing more or less than excellent service, if you have the money. But across society, the abstraction of the idea of cash makes me uneasy. Maybe I’m just old-fashioned. But earning money isn’t quick or easy for most of us. Isn’t it a bit weird that spending it should happen in half a blink (眨眼) of an eye? Doesn’t a wallet that time-honoured Friday-night feeling of pleasing, promising fatness represent something that matters?
  But I’ll leave the economics to the experts. What bothers me about the death of the wallet is the change it represents in our physical environment. Everything about the look and feel of a wallet-the way the fastenings and materials wear and tear and loosen with age, the plastic and paper and gold and silver,and handwritten phone numbers and printed cinema tickets-is the very opposite of what our world is becoming. The opposite of a wallet is a smartphone or an iPad. The rounded edges, cool glass, smooth and unknowable as a pebble ( 鹅卵石 ) . Instead of digging through pieces of paper and peering into corners, we move our fingers left and right. No more counting out coins. Show your wallet, if you still have one. It may not be here much longer.

2020-07-46.—细节辨认题—易—同义替换—head for extinction走向灭绝替换为disappear消失

46. What is happening to the wallet? 【原文：The wallet is heading for extinction. As a day-to-day essential, it will die off with the generation who read print newspapers. The kind of shopping-where you hand over notes and count out change in return-now happens only in the most minor of our retail encounters, like buying a bar of chocolate or a pint of milk, from a corner shop. 】
    A. It is disappearing.
    B. It is being fattened.
    C. It is becoming costly.
    D. It is changing in style.

46. 钱包怎么了？
A.它正在消失。
B.它正在被养肥。
C.成本越来越高。
D.它的风格正在改变。

46.【定位】由题干中的happening to the wallet定位到首段第一句。

A 【精析】细节辨认题。首段开篇点明，钱包正在走向灭绝。因此，A “它正在消失”符合文义，故答案为 A。

【避错】文章第二段末句提到了fatness，作者在此描述了历来钱包里厚厚的一沓钱所带来的美好感觉，而非钱包的现状，故排除 B；文章指出，钱包正在走向灭绝，即使用的人越来越少，由此可知，钱包的价格应随着销售量减少而降低，不大可能变得昂贵，
文中也未提及钱包是否变得昂贵，故排除C；
文中未提及钱包的风格是否发生改变，故排除 D 。

2020-07-47.—细节辨认题—难—选项D原词复现“cash register”，但注意前面是don’t，属于干扰项—答案在后面一句iPads to take your payment电子支付替换代为electronically电子，也是蛮难知道是同义替换的。

47. How are business transactions done in big modern stores?【原文：At the most cutting-edge retail stores Victoria Beckham on Dover Street, for instance-you don’t go and stand at any kind of cash register, when you decide to pay. The staff are equipped with iPads to take your payment while you relax on a sofa.】
    A. Individually.
    B. Electronically.
    C. In the abstract.
    D. Via a cash register.

47. 在大型现代商店里，商业交易是如何进行的？
A.单独。
B.电子。
C.在摘要中。
D.通过收银机。

47.【定位】由题干中的in big modern stores定位到首段最后两句。

B 【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，在高端的维多利亚.贝克汉姆商店里，人们不需要站在收银台前付款，在沙发上休息时用电子设备即可付款。因此，答案为B 。

【避错】文中未提及商品交易是否单独完成，故排除 A；C是根据首段第四句中 money is increasingly abstracted设置的干扰项，这里是说钱变得越来越抽象，而不是商业交易的方式变得抽象，故排除C；定位句提到，当你决定付钱的时候，不需要站在任何收银台前，即不需要使用收银机，故排除 D。

2020-07-48.—细节辨认题—难—定位难，没有原词复现—两个But，在最后一个But，挣钱不容易，而花钱却在一眨眼的瞬间。—一般标注中文的词，都挺关键，可以勉强通过“blink（眨眼）”推出“so fast and easy”

48. What makes the author feel uncomfortable nowadays?【原文：Which is nothing more or less than excellent service, if you have the money. But across society, the abstraction of the idea of cash makes me uneasy. Maybe I’m just old-fashioned. But earning money isn’t quick or easy for most of us. Isn’t it a bit weird that spending it should happen in half a blink (眨眼) of an eye? Doesn’t a wallet that time-honoured Friday-night feeling of pleasing, promising fatness represent something that matters?】
    A. Saving money is becoming a thing of the past.
    B. The pleasing Friday-night feeling is fading.
    C. Earning money is getting more difficult.【原文是赚钱难，不是赚钱变得越来越难】
    D. Spending money is so fast and easy.

48. 现在是什么让作者感到不舒服？
A.存钱正在成为过去式。
B.周五晚上愉快的感觉正在消失。
C.挣钱越来越难了。
D.花钱又快又容易。

48.【定位】由题干中的uncomfortable定位到第二段第二至五句。

D 【精析】细节辨认题。第二段介绍作者的看法。定位句指出，现金概念的抽象化使作者感到不安。究其原因是作者认为挣钱不容易，而花钱却在一眨眼的瞬间。D “花钱如此快速轻松”符合文义，故答案为 D。

【避错】文中未提及存钱的改变，故排除 A；
第二段最后一句提到了周五晚上愉快的感觉，但没有指出这种感觉是否在消逝，故排除 B；
第二段第四句提到，对于大多数人来说，挣钱并不是迅速简单的事，但没有提及挣钱是否变得更加困难，故排除C。

2020-07-49.—细节辨认题—易—选项A原词复现+同义替换“change it represent替换为represent a change”

49. Why does the author choose to write about what’s happening to the wallet?【原文：But I’ll leave the economics to the experts. What bothers me about the death of the wallet is the change it represents in our physical environment. Everything about the look and feel of a wallet-the way the fastenings and materials wear and tear and loosen with age, the plastic and paper and gold and silver,and handwritten phone numbers and printed cinema tickets-is the very opposite of what our world is becoming. 】
    A. It represents a change in the modern world.
    B. It has something to do with everybody’s life.
    C. It marks the end of a time-honoured tradition.
    D. It is the concern of contemporary economists.

49. 为什么作者选择写钱包发生了什么？
A.它代表了现代世界的变化。
B.它与每个人的生活有关。
C.这标志着一个历史悠久的传统的结束。
D.这是当代经济学家关注的问题。

49.【定位】由题干中的 Why和 What’s happening to the Wallet定位到第三段第二句。

A 【精析】细节辨认题。What’s happening to the Wallet指的是钱包正在走向灭绝这一趋势。定位句提到，钱包的消失给作者带来的困扰是关于它所代表的在客观环境中发生的改变。因此，A “它代表现代世界的变化”符合文义，故答案为 A。

【避错】B “它与每个人的生活有关”和 C “它标志着一个历史悠久的传统的结束”是原文提到的事实，但并不是作者写作的原因，因此排除；第三段首句提到把经济学留给专家，暗指作者要表述的钱包问题不属于经济学范畴，D“它是当代经济学家所关心的事”是对本句的曲解，因此排除。

2020-07-50.—推理判断题—难—定位难—由“infer from the passage”推出“需通读全文”，需要读懂，关键词是wallet，所以直接可选C，仅有它有wallet

50. What can we infer from the passage about the author?【原文：Show your wallet, if you still have one. It may not be here much longer.】
    A. He is resistant to social changes.
    B. He is against technological progress.
    C. He feels reluctant to part with the traditional wallet.
    D. He feels insecure in the ever-changing modern world.

50. 从文章中我们可以推断出关于作者的什么？
A.他抵制社会变革。
B.他反对技术进步。
C.他不愿意放弃传统的钱包。
D.他在瞬息万变的现代社会中感到没有安全感。

50.【定位】由题干中的infer from the passage定位到整篇文章。

C【精析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了随着科技的发展，钱包逐渐消失的问题。文章最后一句指出，如果你还有钱包的话就展示出来吧。它也许不会长存于世了。这表达了作者不愿意舍弃传统钱包，因此答案为C。

【避错】通读全文可知，作者只是表达了由于科技迅速发展，传统支付方式被逐渐取代的不安和担忧，并没有抵制社会改变或反对科技进步，也没有表达在瞬息万变的现代社会中没有安全感，故可排除 A、B 和 D。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

  It’s late in the evening：time to close the book and turn off the computer. You’re done for the day. What you may not realize,however,is that the learning process actually continues-in your dreams.
  It might sound like science fiction, but researchers are increasingly focusing on the relationship between the knowledge and skills our brains absorb during the day and the fragmented,often bizarre imaginings they generate at night. Scientists have found that dreaming about a task we’ve learned is associated with improved performance in that activity (suggesting that there’s some truth to the popular notion that we’re “getting” a foreign language once we begin dreaming in it) . What’s more,researchers are coming to recognize that dreaming is an essential part of understanding, organizing and retaining what we learn.
  While we sleep, research indicates, the brain replays the patterns of activity it experienced during waking hours, allowing us to enter what one psychologist calls a neural （神经的） virtual reality. A vivid example of such replay can be seen in a video researchers made recently about sleep disorders. They taught a series of dance moves to a group of patients with conditions like sleepwalking, in which the sleeper engages in the kind physical movement that does not normally occur during sleep. They then videotaped the subjects as they slept. Lying in bed, eyes closed, one female patient on the tape performs the dance moves she learned earlier.
  This shows that while our bodies are at rest, our brains are drawing what’s important from the information and events we’ve recently encountered, then integrating that data into the vast store of what we already know. In a 2010 study, researchers at Harvard Medical School reported that college students who dreamed about a computer maze (迷宫) task they had learned showed a 10-fold improvement in their ability to find their way through the maze compared with participants who did not dream about the task.
  Robert Stickgold, one of the Harvard researchers, suggests that studying right before bedtime or taking a nap following a study session in the afternoon might increase the odds of dreaming about the material. Think about that as your head hits the pillow tonight.

2020-07-51.—细节辨认题—易—选项C和D前面长得差不多，出题者大概率把答案放在这两个之间，选项C出现不少定位句的关键字，大概率考同义替换，所以选C。

51. What is scientists’ finding about dreaming?【原文：It might sound like science fiction, but researchers are increasingly focusing on the relationship between the knowledge and skills our brains absorb during the day and the fragmented,often bizarre imaginings they generate at night.Scientists have found that dreaming about a task we’ve learned is associated with improved performance in that activity (suggesting that there’s some truth to the popular notion that we’re “getting” a foreign language once we begin dreaming in it) . What’s more,researchers are coming to recognize that dreaming is an essential part of understanding, organizing and retaining what we learn.】
    A. It involves disconnected, weird images.
    B. It resembles fragments of science fiction.
    C. Dreaming about a learned task betters its performance.
    D. Dreaming about things being learned disturbs one’s sleep.

51. 关于做梦，科学家有什么发现？
A.它涉及不连贯的、奇怪的图像。
B.它很像科幻小说的片段。
C.梦到学过的任务能更好地完成任务。
D.梦到正在学习的东西会干扰睡眠。

51.【定位】由题干中 的 scientists’finding about dreaming定位到第二段第二句。

C【精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，科学家们发现，梦到我们已经学过的一项任务与在该活动中的表现有所提高有关。由此可知，梦到一项学过的任务会改善它的表现，故答案为C。

【避错】本段第一句提到，研究人员越来越关注我们的大脑在白天吸收的知识和技能与它们在夜间产生的零碎的、经常是奇异的想象之间的关系。
由此可知，我们的大脑会在夜间产生零碎的、奇异的想象，而不是梦到不连贯的、奇异的图像，故排除 A。

“它包括不连贯的、奇异的图像”，本段开头提到，这听起来可能像科幻小说，但研究人员正越来越关注我们的大脑在白天吸收的知识和技能与它们在夜间产生的零碎的、经常是奇异的想象之间的关系。由此可知，作者并不认为做梦像科幻小说，而是指大脑在夜间产生的想象与白天的经历有关这一点像科幻小说，故排除 B。

“它就像科幻小说的片段”，文中并未提及 D，“梦到正在学习的东西会干扰睡眠”，故排除。

2020-07-52.—细节辨认题—难—定位进行同义替换，while we sleep替换成enter a dream state进入梦乡， —但是选项容易，The brain出现两次，优先找，就可以找到关键处同义替换，replay重复替换成again再次

52. What happens when one enters a dream state?【原文：While we sleep, research indicates, the brain replays the patterns of activity it experienced during waking hours, allowing us to enter what one psychologist calls a neural （神经的） virtual reality. A vivid example of such replay can be seen in a video researchers made recently about sleep disorders.】
    A. The body continues to act as if the sleeper were awake.
    B. The neural activity of the brain will become intensified.
    C. The brain behaves as if it were playing a virtual reality video game.
    D. The brain once again experiences the learning activities of the day.

52. 当一个人进入做梦状态时会发生什么？
A.身体继续表现得好像睡眠者是醒着的。
B.大脑的神经活动将会加强。
C.大脑的行为就像在玩虚拟现实视频游戏。
D.大脑再次经历一天的学习活动。

52.【定位】由题干中的a dream state定位到第三段第一句。

D【精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，当我们进入睡眠，大脑回放它在我们清醒时所经历的活动的模式，使我们进入一种某位心理学家称为神经虚拟现实的状态。由此可知，当我们睡着时，大脑会再一次体验白天的学习活动，故答案为 D。

【避错】文中并未提及A“身体继续像睡眠者醒着一样活动”、B “大脑的神经活动会变得更加活跃”和C “大脑像在玩虚拟现实电子游戏”，故均排除。

2020-07-53.—推理判断题—难—定位难，同义替换，“rest"替换成"sleep”—选项同义替换，“recently encountered最近接收的"替换为"newly acquired 最近接收的”

53. What does the brain do while we are sleeping?【原文：This shows that while our bodies are at rest, our brains are drawing what’s important from the information and events we’ve recently encountered, then integrating that data into the vast store of what we already know. 】
    A. It systematizes all the data collected during the day.
    B. It substitutes old information with new data.
    C. It processes and absorbs newly acquired data.
    D. It classifies information and places it in different files.

53. 当我们睡觉时，大脑在做什么？
A.它将白天收集的所有数据系统化。
B.用新数据代替旧信息。
C.它处理和吸收新获得的数据。
D.它将信息分类并放在不同的文件中。

53.【定位】由题干中的brain和sleeping以及选项定位到第四段第一句。

C【精析】推理判断题。定位句提到，当我们的身体处于休息状态时，我们的大脑会从我们最近接触到的信息和事件中提取重要信息，然后将这些信息整合到我们已知的大量信息中。提取、整合信息的过程也就是处理、吸收信息的过程。由此可推断，在睡眠状态下，大脑处理和吸收新获得的信息，故答案为C。

【避错】定位句提到，大脑提取重要的新信息，并整合到已有的大量信息中，但并不是将所有信息都系统化，故排除 A；定位句说的是大脑将新信息整合到已知信息中，而不是替代已知信息，故排除B；文中并没有提到大脑将信息分类并把它放在不同的文件中，故排除 D。

2020-07-54.—细节辨认题—难—干扰项，选项D直接给了跟定位句类似的句子，容易错选，"increase增加"跟"think about思考"是完成不一样的意思；—同义替换take a nap替换为have a little sleep

2020-07-54.—细节辨认题—难—选项D原词复现过多，大概率是陷阱；

54. What does Robert Stickgold suggest about enhancing learning?【原文：Robert Stickgold, one of the Harvard researchers, suggests that studying right before bedtime or taking a nap following a study session in the afternoon might increase the odds of dreaming about the material. Think about that as your head hits the pillow tonight.】
    A. Having a little sleep after studying in the day.
    B. Staying up late before going to bed.
    C. Having a dream about anything.
    D. Thinking about the odds of dreaming about the material.

54. 罗伯特·斯蒂克戈尔德对加强学习有什么建议？
A.白天学习后小睡一会儿。
B.睡前熬夜。
C.对任何事情都有梦想。
D.考虑梦到材料的可能性。

54.【定位】由题干中的 Robert Stickgold和suggest定位到文章最后一段第一句。

A【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，罗伯特●斯蒂克戈尔德建议，在睡觉前学习或者在下午学习后小睡一会儿，可能会增加梦到这些材料的可能性。由此可知，白天学习后小睡一会儿可能会增加梦到学习材料的可能性，进而提高学习能力，故 A 为答案。

【避错】定位句说的是在睡觉前学习可能会增加梦到学习材料的可能性，而不是说睡前熬夜到很晚，故排除B；

定位句指出，在学习前或学习后睡觉可能会增加梦到学习材料的可能性，并不是说梦到什么都可以，故排除 C；

定位段最后一句顺承前文指出，当你的头碰到枕头的时候，想一想这个，即想一想这个建议，而不是想一想梦到学习材料的可能性，故排除 D。

2020-07-55.—推理判断题—难—最后一题是infer，需要结合整篇文

2020-07-55.—推理判断题—难—由“infer about … from the passage”推出“需通读全文”，第一步：通过头尾段确认核心词为“dream”；第二步：从选项中找出有核心词的，选项AB。

55. What can be inferred about dreaming from the passage?【原文：整篇文章】
    A. We may enhance our learning through dreaming.
    B. Dreaming improves your language ability.
    C. All sleepwalkers perform dance moves when they are sleeping.
    D. Taking a nap after learning can help you find the way through the maze.

55. 从文章中我们可以推断出关于做梦的什么？
A.我们可以通过做梦来加强学习。
B.做梦可以提高你的语言能力。
C.所有梦游者在睡觉的时候都会表演舞蹈动作。
D.学习后打个盹可以帮助你找到穿过迷宫的路。

55.【定位】本题需要统览整篇文章得出答案。

A【精析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者介绍了几个与做梦相关的实验研究，指出做梦可能使人们提高学习能力，故答案为 A。

【避错】文章第二段第二句提到了一个流行观点，即一旦开始梦到外语，我们就正在“掌握”这门外语。作者通过介绍科学家的发现证明这个流行观点是有一定道理的，但并不能证明做梦可以提高语言能力，故排除 B；

文章第三段提到了研究人员拍摄的一段关于睡眠障碍的视频，他们教一组有诸如梦游等症状的病人跳一连串的舞蹈动作。在梦游状态下，病人会做一些在睡眠中通常不会出现的身体动作。研究人员对受试者的睡眠过程进行了录像，发现一位女病人闭着眼睛躺在床上，做着她之前学过的舞蹈动作。由此可知，这位病人是在刻意学习了舞蹈动作以后才出现了在睡梦中做舞蹈动作的行为,而非所有梦游者都会出现这一 行为，故排除 C；

文章最后一段提到罗伯特.斯蒂克戈尔德的建议：在睡觉前学习或者在下午学习后小睡一会儿，可能会增加梦见这些材料的可能性。但并不能由此推出学习后小睡一会儿会帮助你在迷宫中找到路，故排除 D。

Part IV Translation ( 30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English . You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
  在中国，火锅已有2,000 多年的历史，最早流行于最寒冷的地区，然后在很多地区盛行，出现了具有地方特色的种类。吃火锅时，家人和朋友围坐在桌边，桌子中间放着热腾腾的火锅。吃火锅时，人们可以根据自己的口味放肉、海鲜、蔬菜和其他配料，自己烹饪。人们可以一边尽情地聊天，一边享受美餐。