2022 年 6 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 1 套）——阅读版——仔细阅读题

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2022年06月大学英语四级考试真题(第1套)

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section C

Directions:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through thecentre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

  Online classes began to be popularized just a few decades ago.They are advertised as a way for adults to finish their education and students to learn the material at their own pace —it is far more compatible for people with busy schedules.
  But after being enrolled in an online course last fall semester,I came to realize online classes were merely a means to fulfil course requirements.
  First of all,students lack the desire to learn,and they simply complete their assignments to receive credit for a passing grade rather than genuinely engage with the course material.
  As online courses tend to have more than 100 students,most of the assignments are short and simple.They are not designed for students to interact with the material in depth but designed to be graded easily to accommodate such a large number of students.
  Perhaps the biggest disadvantage of taking an online class is the absence of face-to-face interaction between the teacher and their students.Live sessions are infrequent and are often scheduled during the middle of the day when students have to attend other classes or work.The office hours of the professor may also be during inconvenient times for many students as well.Most interaction with the professor has to be through email which is often impersonal.It is nearly impossible for students to build a relationship with theirprofessor.
  There is also little interaction amongst students.It can be harder for students to create study groups and form relationships with their peers.
  Online classes also require either a computer or laptop and a reliable internet connection.Not all students have access to these types of resources,whether it is for financial or other reasons,and some students can be put ata disadvantage.
  Offering online classes certainly helps students who would otherwise not be able to attend classroom sessions.However,they fail to provide a genuine education with an emphasis on convenience rather than critical thinking.We need restructured online classes in which students can have a learning experience that will actually provide quality education.

  在线课程在几十年前才开始普及。它们被宣传为成年人完成学业和学生按照自己的节奏学习教材的一种方式——它更适合日程繁忙的人。
  (46-1) 但在去年秋季学期上了一门在线课程后，我开始意识到在线课程只是满足课程要求的一种手段。
  (46-2) 首先，学生缺乏学习的欲望，他们只是简单地完成作业以获得及格的分数，而没有真正参与到课程学习中。
  由于在线课程的学生人数往往超过100人，因此大多数作业都很简短。(47)这些作业不是为了让学生深入研究学习内容而设计的，而是为了便于评分，从而容纳如此大量的学生。
  (48-1) 也许参与在线课程的最大缺点是教师和学生之间缺乏面对面的互动。直播课程很少，而且通常安排在正午，因为学生不得不参加其他课程或工作。很多学生可能也不方便在教授的办公时间上课。与教授的大多数互动都必须通过电子邮件进行，这往往缺少人情味。学生们几乎不可能与他们的教授建立师生情。
  (48-2) 学生之间的互动也很少。学生很难创建学习小组并与同龄人建立关系。
  在线课程还需要一台电脑或笔记本以及稳定的互联网连接。(49)并非所有学生都能获得这些类型的资源，无论是出于经济原因还是其他原因，一些学生可能会处于不利地位。
  提供在线课程当然可以帮助那些原本无法参加课堂课程的学生。(50)然而，它们未能提供真正的教育，它们强调便利性而不是批判性思维。我们需要重新规划在线课程，提供优质教育，让学生能够获得真正的学习体验。

2022-06-01-46.—细节辨认题—难—选项D强干扰，出现很多关键词，需要读懂“rarely很少地”—定位也难，是定位句的下一段，同义替换“lack the desire to learn”替换为“unmotivated to learn”

46. What does the author say about students enrolled in online classes?【原文：But after being enrolled in an online course last fall semester,I came to realize online classes were merely a means to fulfil course requirements.
      First of all,students lack the desire to learn,and they simply complete their assignments to receive credit for a passing grade rather than genuinely engage with the course material.】
    A. They can access course materials easily.
    B. They are unmotivated to learn.
    C. They can learn at theirown pace.
    D. They rarely fulfil the course requirements.

48. 作者对参加网络课程的学生说了什么？
A.他们可以很容易地获取课程材料。
B.他们没有学习的动力。
C.他们可以按照自己的节奏学习。
D.他们很少达到课程要求。

【定位】由题干中的 students enrolled in online classes 定位到第二、三段。

B【精析】细节辨认题。第二段起到承上启下的作用。第三段指出，学生缺乏学习的欲望，他们只是简单地完成作业以获得及格的分数，而没有真正参与到课程学习中。故正确答案为B。

【避错】A 是根据第三段最后提到的 the course material设置的干扰，但是该句说的是“学生不能真正参与到课程学习中”，并没有提及学生是否可以轻松获得课程材料，故排除A。

C 是根据第一段第二句提到的students to learn…at their own pace 设置的干扰项，但这是人们宣传的在线课程的优点，而不是作者的观点，故排除C。

第二段提到，作者意识到在线课程只是满足课程要求的一种手段，并没有说学生很少达到课程要求，故排除 D。

2022-06-01-47.—细节辨认题—难—同义替换难“be graded easily”替换为“convenient to mark”

47. What does the author think of online course assignments?【原文：As online courses tend to have more than 100 students,most of the assignments are short and simple.They are not designed for students to interact with the material in depth but designed to be graded easily to accommodate such a large number of students.】
    A. They are made convenient to mark.
    B. They are meant to facilitate interaction.
    C. They are based on easily accessible material.
    D. They are given to accommodate students’needs.

47. 作者如何看待在线课程作业？
A.它们便于标记。
B.它们是为了促进互动。
C.它们是基于容易获得的材料。
D.它们是为了满足学生的需要而提供的。

【定位】由题干中的online course assignments 定位到第四段。

A 【 精析】细节辨认题。第四段第二句提到，这些作业不是为了让学生深入研究学习内容而设计的， 而是为了便于评分，从而容纳如此大量的学生。故正确答案为A。

【避错】定位句提到这些作业不是为了让学生深入研究学习内容而设计的，并没有提到旨在促进互动，故排除B。第四段第一句提到大多数作业都很简短，但并没有提到它们都基于易于获取的材料，故排除 C。

D 根据第四段第二句中的 accommodate 设置干扰，文中指的是把课后作业设计得便于评分以容纳大量的学生，而不是为了满足学生的需求，故排除D。

2022-06-01-48.—细节辨认题—易—同义替换“face-to-face interaction面对面的互动”替换为“build relationships with each other”

48. What does the author say is one disadvantage of online classes?【原文：Perhaps the biggest disadvantage of taking an online class is the absence of face-to-face interaction between the teacher and their students.】
    A. They are frequently scheduled at irregular times.
    B. They make professors’offices much less accessible.
    C. They tend to increase professors’burden of responding to students’emails.
    D. They provide little chance for students to build relationships with each other.

48. 作者认为在线课程的一个缺点是什么？
A.他们经常安排在不规律的时间。
B.他们使教授的办公室更不容易进入。
C.他们倾向于增加教授回复学生邮件的负担。
D.它们几乎没有给学生们提供相互建立关系的机会。

【定位】 由题干中的 one disadvantage of online classes 定位到第五段第一句。

D 【精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，也许参与在线课程的最大缺点是教师和学生之间缺乏面对面的互动。第六段进一步指出，学生之间的互动也很少，学生很难创建学习小组并与同龄人建立关系。 故正确答案为D。

【避错】第五段第二、三句提到在线课程的时间问题：直播课程通常安排在正午，因为学生不得不参加其他课程或工作。很多学生可能也不方便在教授的办公时间上课。文章没有提到在线课程被安排在不定期的时间，也不能由此推出在线课程使
教授的办公室更难进入，故排除A 和B 。

第五段第四句提到，与教授的大多数互动都必须通过电子邮件进行，这往往缺少人情味，旨在表明学生和教师间的交流变少了，而不是说教授回复学生电子邮件的负担增加了，故排除C。

2022-06-01-49.—推理判断题—由“Not all students have access to these types of resources”推出“Some students may have difficulty attending them”

49. What problem may arise if classes go online?【原文：Online classes also require either a computer or laptop and a reliable internet connection.Not all students have access to these types of resources,whether it is for financial or other reasons,and some students can be put ata disadvantage.】
    A. More students may find it easy to be absent from them.
    B. Teachers will worry about poor internet connections.【干扰项，只是出现关键词，但是没有老师担心】
    C. Some students may have difficulty attending them.
    D. Schools with limited resources will be at a disadvantage.

49. 如果课程放到网上可能会出现什么问题？
A.更多的学生可能会觉得不去上课很容易。
B.老师会担心网络连接不好。
C.一些学生可能很难参加。
D.资源有限的学校将处于不利地位。

【定位】由题干中的classes go online及题文同序原则定位到第七、八段。

C 【精析】推理判断题。第七段第二句指出，并非所有学生都能获得电脑、笔记本和稳定的网络连接，一些学生可能会因为一些原因无法参加线上课程。故正确答案为C。

【避错】由定位段可知，由于缺少学习工具，有的学生无法参加线上课程，但不能由此推出更多的学生会发现逃课很容易，也不能推出资源有限的学校处于不利地位，故排除 A 和 D 。 第七段第 一 句提到在线课程还需要一台电脑或笔记本以及稳 定的互联网连接，并没有提到老师担心互联网连接不好的问题，故排除B。

2022-06-01-50.—推理判断题—难—没有关键词，硬推

50. What does the author think constitutes a key part of genuine education?【原文：However,they fail to provide a genuine education with an emphasis on convenience rather than critical thinking.We need restructured online classes in which students can have a learning experience that will actually provide quality education.】
    A. Acquisition of useful knowledge.
    B. Training ofreal-life skills on campus.
    C. Development of students’personalities.
    D. Cultivation of analytical thinking ability.

50. 作者认为什么构成了真正教育的关键部分？
A.获得有用的知识。
B.校园生活技能的训练。
C.学生个性的发展。
D.分析思维能力的培养。

【定位】由题干中的genuine education 定位到最后一段第二句。
D【精析】推理判断题。定位句提到在线课程强调便利性而不是批判性思维，并不能提供真正的教育。 由此可知，D 中提到的“思辨能力的培养”是真正教育的组成部分。故正确答案为D。

【避错】最后一段最后一句提到我们需要重新规划 在线课程，提供优质教育，让学生能够获得真正的学习体验，但并没有提到获得有用的知识或在校园内培训现实生活技能，故排除A 和 B 。 文中没有提到关于学生个性发展的问题，故排除C。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

  In the age of the internet,there’s no such thing as a private debate.But is that bad for science?Some scientists have had concerns.When debates in any sector move beyond the halls of universities and government agencies,there’s potential for information to be used incorrectly,leading to public confusion;yet,open debate can also promote communication between the scientific community and the public.Recent open debates on scientific research,health,and policy have aroused greater public attention and encouraged more diverse voices.If this trend spurs scientists to agree more quickly about the best solutions to our problems-and at the same time helps the public observe the process of scientific discourse more clearly—then this is good for everyone,including scientists.
  A recent debate published in The New York Times discussed the question of how quickly medicine should be developed and produced.Issues such as safety of the product and perception of the public were examined and considered.But some experts worried that such public speculation might lead people to believe that disagreement about the details meant a lack of adequate scientific consensus over the safety and efficiency of modern-day medicine.
  The anxiety seems misplaced.Gone are the days of going to a conference and debating scientific issues,and that’s good because those gatherings were not diverse enough and excluded many important voices.These days,the public can access debates about science regardless of where they take place.
  For many scientists,public debate is a new frontier and it may feel like a place with few restraints or rules?but rather than avoiding such conversations,let the debates be transparent and vigorous,wherever they are held.If the public is to understand that science is an honorably self-correcting process,the idea that science is a fixed set of facts in a textbook needs to be dismissed.With the validity of science coming under attack,there’s a need for scientific debates to be perceived as open and true to life.Let everyone see the noisy,messy deliberations that advance science and lead to decisions that benefit us all.

2022-06-01-51.—细节辨认题—易—同义替换“greater public attention”替换为“better understand”

51. What does the author think open debate can do?【原文：Recent open debates on scientific research,health,and policy have aroused greater public attention and encouraged more diverse voices.If this trend spurs scientists to agree more quickly about the best solutions to our problems and at the same time helps the public observe the process of scientific discourse more clearly—then this is good for everyone,including scientists.】
    A. Help the public to better understand science.
    B. Clear up confusion in the scientific community.
    C. Settle disputes between universities and government agencies.
    D. Prevent information from being used incorrectly by the public.

51. 作者认为公开辩论可以做什么？
A.帮助公众更好地理解科学。
B.澄清科学界的困惑。
C.解决大学和政府机构之间的纠纷。
D.防止信息被公众错误使用。

【定位】由题干中的open debate 定位到第一段第四句。

A
【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，当任何领域的 辩论走出了大学和政府机构的大厅时，信息就有可能被误用，导致公共混乱。然而，公开辩论也可以促进科学界和公众之间的交流。由此可知，公开辩论可以帮助公众更好地理解科学，故答案为 A。

【避错】定位句提到，当辩论地点不局限于大学和政府机构的大厅时，信息就有可能被误用，导致公共混乱，而不是消除混乱，故排除 B。定位句只提到了辩论的地点不局限于大学和政府机构的大 厅，没有提及解决大学与政府机构之间的纠纷，故排除C 。
定位句提到，信息有可能被误用，并没有提及防止公众误用信息，D 属于过度推断，故排除。

2022-06-01-52.—推理判断题—难—出现三个选项都有原词复现，需要读懂推出关键字是“distrust”+“medicine”

52. Why did a recent debate published in The New York Times arouse concerns among experts?【原文：A recent debate published in The New York Times discussed the question of how quickly medicine should be developed and produced.Issues such as safety of the product and perception of the public were examined and considered.But some experts worried that such public speculation might lead people to believe that disagreement about the details meant a lack of adequate scientific consensus over the safety and efficiency of modern-day medicine.】
    A. It might hinder the progress in medical research.
    B. It might breed public distrust in modern medicine.
    C. It might add to the difficulty of getting research funds.【没提及，排除】
    D. It might prevent medical scientists reaching consensus.

52. 为什么最近发表在《纽约时报》上的一篇辩论引起了专家们的关注？
A.它可能会阻碍医学研究的进展。
B.它可能会引起公众对现代医学的不信任。
C.这可能会增加获得研究基金的难度。
D.它可能阻止医学科学家达成共识。

【定位】由题干中的 The New York Times 和 arouse concerns定位到第二段。

B
【精析】推理判断题。第二段首句介绍这场辩论， 第三句提到一些专家的担心：这种公开的猜测可能会导致人们认为，细节上的分歧意味着对现代医学的安全性和效率缺乏足够的科学共识。由此可以推断，这会引起公众对现代医学不信任，故答案为B。

【避错】第二段前两句说明了这场辩论讨论的问题，并没有提及这场辩论会阻碍医学进展，故排除 A。文中并未提及研究资金的问题，故排除C。

D 是根据第二段末句中 a lack of adequate scientific consensus 设置的干扰项，此处是表达细节上的分歧意味着对现代医学的安全性和效率缺乏足够的科学共识，并没有提到辩论会阻碍医学科学家达成共识，故排除。

2022-06-01-53.—细节辨认题—易—看到同义替换“access”替换为“accessible”，优先选C。

53. Why does the author say some experts’anxiety seems misplaced?【原文：The anxiety seems misplaced.Gone are the days of going to a conference and debating scientific issues,and that’s good because those gatherings were not diverse enough and excluded many important voices.These days,the public can access debates about science regardless of where they take place.】
    A. Debating scientific issues at a conference is now old-fashioned.
    B. Diverse topics can be debated by both scientists and the public.
    C. Debates about science are accessible to the public anyway.
    D. Scientists can voice their opinions whatever way they like.

53. 为什么作者说一些专家的焦虑似乎是多余的？
A.在会议上辩论科学问题现在已经过时了。
B.科学家和公众都可以讨论各种各样的话题。
C.无论如何，公众都可以参与科学辩论。
D.科学家可以用他们喜欢的任何方式表达他们的观点。

【 定 位 】由题干中的 some experts’anxiety 和 misplaced 定位到第三段。
C【精析】细节辨认题。第三段首句指出，这种焦虑似乎放错了地方。末句指出，如今，无论有关科学的辩论发生在哪里，公众都可以接触到，故答案为 C。

【避错】第三段第二句提到，参加会议并讨论科学问题的日子一去不复返了，这并不是指那样的日 子已经过时了，而且这也不是作者认为专家的焦 虑放错地方的原因，故排除 A。
第三段第二句提到，那些会议不够多样化，并没有提及科学家和公众可以讨论各种各样的话题，故排除B。
文中没有提到科学家应该如何发表观点的问题，而且 whatever way they like过于绝对，故排除 D。

2022-06-01-54.—推理判断题—难—由“but rather than”和“let”可得定位句关键在“let”后面，但是答案选项B需要读懂

54. What does the author suggest scientists do about public debate?【原文：For many scientists,public debate is a new frontier and it may feel like a place with few restraints or rules?but rather than avoiding such conversations,let the debates be transparent and vigorous,wherever they are held.】
    A. Have more discussions about it.
    B. Embrace it with open arms.
    C. Formulate new rules for it.
    D. Restrain it to a rational degree.

54. 作者建议科学家对公众辩论做些什么？
A.多讨论一下。
B.张开双臂拥抱它。
C.制定新的规则。
D.将其限制在合理的程度。

【定位】由题干中的 scientists 、public debate 和题 文同序原则定位到第四段首句。

B【精析】推理判断题。定位句提到，对许多科学家来说，公开辩论是一个新的领域，它可能感觉像是一个没有什么限制或规则的地方，但与其避免这样的对话，不如让辩论变得透明和充满活力，无论辩论在哪里举行。由此可以推断，作者支持公开辩论，故答案为B。

【避错】文中没有提及建议科学家对公开辩论进行更多讨论，故排除A 。定位句提到，公开辩论感觉像是一个没有什么限制或规则的地方，但这并不是让科学家制订新的规则或将其限制到合理的程度，故排除C 和 D。

2022-06-01-55.—推理判断题—难—唯一原词复现“textbook”是陷阱，正确答案需要读懂并推理

55. What does the author say about science in the last paragraph?【原文：If the public is to understand that science is an honorably self-correcting process,the idea that science is a fixed set of facts in a textbook needs to be dismissed.With the validity of science coming under attack,there’s a need for scientific debates to be perceived as open and true to life.Let everyone see the noisy,messy deliberations that advance science and lead to decisions that benefit us all.】
    A. It is transmitted through textbooks.
    B. It is what proves valid and true to life.
    C. It is a dynamic and self-improving process.
    D. It is a collection of facts and established rules.

55. 关于科学，作者在最后一段说了什么？
A.它通过教科书传播。
B.它是证明有效和真实的生活。
C.这是一个动态的、自我完善的过程。
D.它是事实和既定规则的集合。

【定位】由题干中的 the last paragraph 定位到最后一段。

C【精析】推理判断题。最后一段第二句提到，如果公众要理解科学是一个正大光明的自我纠正的过程，那么，需要摒弃那种认为科学是教科书中一系列固定不变的事实的观点。由此可以推断，科学 是一个自我完善的过程，故答案为C。

【避错】A和 D是根据最后一段第二句中a fixed set of facts in a textbook 设置的干扰项，此处是表达需要摒弃那种认为科学是教科书中一系列固定不变的事实的观点，不是表达科学通过教材传播或者科学是事实和既定规则的集合，故排除A 和 D。

最后一段第三句指出，科学的有效性受到攻击，B与文章意思相反，故排除。