4、对正投影相机以及透视相机的使用，以及对场景通过鼠标控制大小以及旋转

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-29 17:02:05 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-29 17:02:05 发布

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分类专栏： Three.js

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/sunxiaoju/article/details/50111825

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<pre name="code" class="javascript"><!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>canvas_camera_orthographinc</title>
    <style>
        body {
            font-family:'宋体';//设置body区域显示的字体
        background-color: #f0f0f0;//设置body的背景颜色
        margin: 0px;//设置body的边距
        overflow: hidden;//overflow表示溢出元素需要做的处理，hidden表示内容会被修剪，并且其余内容是不可见的。
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<script src="three.js-master/build/three.js"></script>
<script src="three.js-master/build/renderers/Projector.js"></script>
<script src="three.js-master/build/renderers/CanvasRenderer.js"></script>
<script src="three.js-master/build/controls/OrbitControls.js"></script>

<script>
    var rendererCanvas,scene,camera,light;
    function initRenderer()
    {
        rendererCanvas=new THREE.CanvasRenderer();                      //创建一个基于canvas的渲染器
        rendererCanvas.setSize( window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight );//设置渲染器的大小
        document.body.appendChild(rendererCanvas.domElement);           //将渲染器添加到body区域
        rendererCanvas.setClearColor(0xffffff);                         //设置渲染器的背景颜色为白色
    }
    function initScene()
    {
        scene=new THREE.Scene();//创建一个场景
    }
    function initCamera()
    {
        //创建一个正投影相机照相机
        camera = new THREE.OrthographicCamera( window.innerWidth / - 2, window.innerWidth / 2, window.innerHeight / 2, window.innerHeight / - 2, - 500, 1000 );
        //camera=new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(70,window.innerWidth/window.innerHeight,1,1000);//创建透视照相机
        camera.position.x = 200;
        camera.position.y = 100;
        camera.position.z = 200;//设置相机的位置
        camera.lookAt(scene.position);//将相机固定在scene.position所指向的位置
        scene.add(camera);//将相机加到场景中去
    }
    function initLight()
    {
        var ambientLight = new THREE.AmbientLight(0x0000FF);//创建一个环境光,光为蓝色
        scene.add( ambientLight );
    }
    function initGeometry()
    {
        var geometry=new THREE.Geometry();
        /*
        在画网格时，需要提供四个坐标点，然后使用LineBasicMaterial根据坐标点画线段，如：
        1、(-500,0,500)在空间坐标系中，该坐标点在第四象限
        2、(500,0,500)在空间坐标系中，该坐标点在第一象限
        3、(500,0,500)与第二个点坐标相同
        4、(500,0,-500)在空间坐标系中，该坐标点在第二象限
        如：
                              (-500,0,-500)    (-300,0,-500)  (-100,0,-500)    (100,0,-500)    (300,0,-500)    (500,0,-500)
                       (-500,0,-500)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,-500)
                      (-500,0,-450)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,-450)
                     (-500,0,-400)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,-400)
                    (-500,0,-350)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,-350)
                   (-500,0,-300)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,-300)
                  (-500,0,-250)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,-250)
                 (-500,0,-200)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,-200)
                (-500,0,-150)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,-150)
               (-500,0,-100)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,-100)
              (-500,0, -50)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,-50)
             (-500,0,   0)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,0)
             (-500,0, 50)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,50)
            (-500,0,100)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,100)
           (-500,0,150)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,150)
          (-500,0,200)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,200)
         (-500,0,250)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,250)
        (-500,0,300)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,300)
       (-500,0,350)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,350)
      (-500,0,400)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,400)
     (-500,0,450)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,450)
    (-500,0,500)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,500)
          (-500,0,500)(-350,0,500)(-200,0,500)(-50,0,500)  (100,0,500) (250,0,500) (400,0,500)(500,0,500)                                                 
        */
        var size=500,step=50;
        for(var i=-size;i<=size;i+=step)
        {
            geometry.vertices.push(new THREE.Vector3(-size,0,-i));
            geometry.vertices.push(new THREE.Vector3(size,0,-i));
            geometry.vertices.push(new THREE.Vector3(-i,0,size));
            geometry.vertices.push(new THREE.Vector3(-i,0,-size));
        }
        var material=new THREE.LineBasicMaterial({color:0x000000,opacity:0.5});//创建一个颜色为黑色，线条透明度为0.5
        var line=new THREE.LineSegments(geometry,material);
        scene.add(line);

        var geometry1 = new THREE.BoxGeometry( 50, 50, 50 );//创建一个立方体
        var material1 = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial( { color: 0xffffff, overdraw:0.1 } );//材质颜色为白色，0.5是否在立方体上线条的显示程度，越小显示越明显
        for ( var i = 0; i < 100; i ++ ) {
            var cube = new THREE.Mesh( geometry1, material1 );//绘制立方体
            //以下是设置立方体的位置
            cube.position.x = Math.floor( ( Math.random() * 1000 - 500 ) / 50 ) * 50 + 25;
            cube.position.y = ( cube.scale.y * 50 ) / 2;
            cube.position.z = Math.floor( ( Math.random() * 1000 - 500 ) / 50 ) * 50 + 25;
            scene.add( cube );
        }
    }
    function render()
    {
        rendererCanvas.render(scene,camera);
    }
    function initStart()
    {
        initRenderer();
        initScene();
        initCamera();
        initLight();
        initGeometry();
        render();
        var control=new THREE.OrbitControls(camera);//添加控制动作，参数camera是相机，说明控制的是相机
        control.addEventListener('change',render);//当场景交换时重绘场景
    }
    initStart();
    /*
     基本步骤：
     1、创建一个渲染器，并设置其大小，将其添加到div或body区域中
         (1) 声明全局render对象；
         (2) 获取画布的高和宽；
         (2) 生成渲染器对象
         (3) 指定渲染器的高宽（一般跟画布框大小一致）；
         (4) 追加canvas元素到canvas3d元素中；
         (5) 设置渲染器的清除色。
     2、创建一个照相机，并设置照相机的中心位置，即z轴
         (1) 声明全局的变量（对象）；
         (2) 设置透视投影的相机；
         (3) 设置相机的位置坐标；
         (4) 设置相机的上为「z」轴方向；
         (5) 设置视野的中心坐标。
     3、创建一个场景
     4、创建灯光
         (1) 声明全局变量(对象)
         (2) 设置平行光源
         (3) 设置光源向量
         (4) 追加光源到场景
     5、创建物体或加载模型，创建贴图对象，并将贴图转换成材质，并将材质贴到物体上，最后添加到场景中
     6、开始渲染
     */
</script>
</body>
</html>

运行效果图如下：

对以上代码进行分析：

1、首先声明全局变量

var rendererCanvas,scene,camera,light;

其中包括渲染器变量，场景变量，相机变量以及环境光变量。

2、初始化渲染器函数，如下代码所示：

function initRenderer()
    {
        rendererCanvas=new THREE.CanvasRenderer();                      //创建一个基于canvas的渲染器
        rendererCanvas.setSize( window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight );//设置渲染器的大小
        document.body.appendChild(rendererCanvas.domElement);           //将渲染器添加到body区域
        rendererCanvas.setClearColor(0xffffff);                         //设置渲染器的背景颜色为白色
    }

3、初始化场景函数，如下代码所示：

function initScene()
    {
        scene=new THREE.Scene();//创建一个场景
    }

4、初始化相机函数，并将相机固定在某个位置，如下代码所示：

function initCamera()
    {
        //创建一个正投影相机照相机
        //camera = new THREE.OrthographicCamera( window.innerWidth / - 2, window.innerWidth / 2, window.innerHeight / 2, window.innerHeight / - 2, - 500, 1000 );
        camera=new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(70,window.innerWidth/window.innerHeight,1,1000);//创建透视照相机
        camera.position.x = 200;
        camera.position.y = 100;
        camera.position.z = 200;//设置相机的位置
        camera.lookAt(scene.position);//将相机固定在scene.position所指向的位置
        scene.add(camera);//将相机加到场景中去
    }

5、初始化环境光函数，如下代码所示：

function initLight()
    {
        var ambientLight = new THREE.AmbientLight(0x0000FF);//创建一个环境光,光为蓝色
        scene.add( ambientLight );
    }

6、初始化Geometry函数，在此函数中，首先创建的是网格，然后在创建各个小立方体，创建网格的方法是通过先设置4个顶点，然后在通过LineSegments函数将四个点画一条线出来，比如：有四个顶点a、b、c、d对应的坐标是(-500,0,500)、(500,0,500)、(500,0,500)、(500,0,-500)，那么执行这个动作则是从a画一条线到b，然后在从c画一条线到d，由于b和c的坐标相同，所以看起来就是向连接的，如下所示：

那么映射到屏幕上的效果是透视相机的效果，刚开始时比较大，所以要缩小才能看到，如下图所示：

以下是正交相机的效果，如下图所示：

相对应的代码如下所示：

function initGeometry()
    {
        var geometry=new THREE.Geometry();
        geometry.vertices.push(new THREE.Vector3(-500,0,500));
        geometry.vertices.push(new THREE.Vector3(500,0,500));
        geometry.vertices.push(new THREE.Vector3(500,0,500));
        geometry.vertices.push(new THREE.Vector3(500,0,-500));
        var material=new THREE.LineBasicMaterial({color:0x000000,opacity:0.5});
        var line=new THREE.LineSegments(geometry,material);
        scene.add(line);
}

那么要画成一个网格，那必须有一个循环来保存这些顶点，如下代码所示：

function initGeometry()
    {
        var geometry=new THREE.Geometry();
        var size=500,step=50;
        for(var i=-size;i<=size;i+=step)
        {
            geometry.vertices.push(new THREE.Vector3(-size,0,-i));
            geometry.vertices.push(new THREE.Vector3(size,0,-i));
            geometry.vertices.push(new THREE.Vector3(-i,0,size));
            geometry.vertices.push(new THREE.Vector3(-i,0,-size));
        }
        var material=new THREE.LineBasicMaterial({color:0x000000,opacity:0.5});//创建一个颜色为黑色，线条透明度为0.5
        var line=new THREE.LineSegments(geometry,material);
        scene.add(line);
}

运行效果图（透视相机）如下所示：

运行效果图（正交相机）如下所示：

网格画好了，在上边画小的立方体，那么首先创建一个立方体，然后在材质绑定，如下代码所示：

var geometry1 = new THREE.BoxGeometry( 50, 50, 50 );//创建一个立方体
var material1 = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial( { color: 0xffffff, overdraw:0.5 } );//材质颜色为白色，0.5是否在立方体上线条的显示程度，越小显示越明显
for ( var i = 0; i < 100; i ++ ) {
     var cube = new THREE.Mesh( geometry1, material1 );//绘制立方体
     //以下是设置立方体的位置
     cube.position.x = Math.floor( ( Math.random() * 1000 - 500 ) / 50 ) * 50 + 25;
     cube.position.y = ( cube.scale.y * 50 ) / 2;
     cube.position.z = Math.floor( ( Math.random() * 1000 - 500 ) / 50 ) * 50 + 25;
     scene.add( cube );
}

如下overdraw:0.5的效果图：

如下overdraw:0.1的效果图，可以观察到有细小的白色线条：

整个函数的代码如下所示：

    function initGeometry()
    {
        var geometry=new THREE.Geometry();
        /*
        在画网格时，需要提供四个坐标点，然后使用LineBasicMaterial根据坐标点画线段，如：
        1、(-500,0,500)在空间坐标系中，该坐标点在第四象限
        2、(500,0,500)在空间坐标系中，该坐标点在第一象限
        3、(500,0,500)与第二个点坐标相同
        4、(500,0,-500)在空间坐标系中，该坐标点在第二象限
        如：
                              (-500,0,-500)    (-300,0,-500)  (-100,0,-500)    (100,0,-500)    (300,0,-500)    (500,0,-500)
                       (-500,0,-500)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,-500)
                      (-500,0,-450)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,-450)
                     (-500,0,-400)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,-400)
                    (-500,0,-350)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,-350)
                   (-500,0,-300)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,-300)
                  (-500,0,-250)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,-250)
                 (-500,0,-200)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,-200)
                (-500,0,-150)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,-150)
               (-500,0,-100)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,-100)
              (-500,0, -50)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,-50)
             (-500,0,   0)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,0)
             (-500,0, 50)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,50)
            (-500,0,100)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,100)
           (-500,0,150)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,150)
          (-500,0,200)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,200)
         (-500,0,250)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,250)
        (-500,0,300)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,300)
       (-500,0,350)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,350)
      (-500,0,400)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,400)
     (-500,0,450)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,450)
    (-500,0,500)/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/___/(500,0,500)
          (-500,0,500)(-350,0,500)(-200,0,500)(-50,0,500)  (100,0,500) (250,0,500) (400,0,500)(500,0,500)                                                 
        */
        var size=500,step=50;
        for(var i=-size;i<=size;i+=step)
        {
            geometry.vertices.push(new THREE.Vector3(-size,0,-i));
            geometry.vertices.push(new THREE.Vector3(size,0,-i));
            geometry.vertices.push(new THREE.Vector3(-i,0,size));
            geometry.vertices.push(new THREE.Vector3(-i,0,-size));
        }
        var material=new THREE.LineBasicMaterial({color:0x000000,opacity:0.5});//创建一个颜色为黑色，线条透明度为0.5
        var line=new THREE.LineSegments(geometry,material);
        scene.add(line);

        var geometry1 = new THREE.BoxGeometry( 50, 50, 50 );//创建一个立方体
        var material1 = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial( { color: 0xffffff, overdraw:0.1 } );//材质颜色为白色，0.5是否在立方体上线条的显示程度，越小显示越明显
        for ( var i = 0; i < 100; i ++ ) {
            var cube = new THREE.Mesh( geometry1, material1 );//绘制立方体
            //以下是设置立方体的位置
            cube.position.x = Math.floor( ( Math.random() * 1000 - 500 ) / 50 ) * 50 + 25;
            cube.position.y = ( cube.scale.y * 50 ) / 2;
            cube.position.z = Math.floor( ( Math.random() * 1000 - 500 ) / 50 ) * 50 + 25;
            scene.add( cube );
        }
    }

7、对场景进行渲染函数，如下所示：

function render()
    {
        rendererCanvas.render(scene,camera);
    }

8、最后对所有的函数进行统一初始化，如下代码所示：

    function initStart()
    {
        initRenderer();
        initScene();
        initCamera();
        initLight();
        initGeometry();
        render();
        var control=new THREE.OrbitControls(camera);//添加控制动作，参数camera是相机，说明控制的是相机
        control.addEventListener('change',render);//当场景交换时重绘场景
    }

最后只需要调用initStart()即可完成所有的工作

9、对场景添加控制，比如说按鼠标滚轮可以扩大或缩小，按着鼠标左键可以在原点进行旋转等等，首先要引入OrbitControls.js文件，然后通过

var control=new THREE.OrbitControls(camera);//添加控制动作，参数camera是相机，说明控制的是相机
来创建一个控制变量，参数是照相机则说明是对照相机的控制，最后在添加监听函数，就是当照相机改变时就调用对场景的重新渲染，如下代码：

control.addEventListener('change',render);//当场景交换时重绘场景