C++学习日志50-----noexcept的用法、捕获派生异常

---

一、noexcept的用法

#include<iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

/*
任务1:编写函数，展示作为声明符的 noexcept,noexcept(true),noexcept(false)的区别
任务2:展示noexcept不能区分重载
任务3:在noexcept函数中抛出异常
任务4:展示noexcept作为运算符的效果
*/
void foo() noexcept { throw 1; }  //注意:因为冲突，此函数运行会报错
//void foo(){}   //noexcept不能作为重载标志
void tao() noexcept(1){}
void zen() noexcept(1-1){}
int main()
{
        cout << "foo()  noexcept  :  " << noexcept(foo()) << "\n"
        //<<"foo():  "<<noexcept(foo())<<"  \n"
        << "tao() noexcept(1) " << noexcept(tao()) << "\n"
        << "zen() noexcept(1-1): " << noexcept(zen()) << "\n";
        cout << "Calling foo() noexcept {throw 1} : ";
        //foo();  //调用会报错


}

结果如上图所示。

二、捕获派生异常

#include<iostream>
#include"Vec3D.h"
#include"RangeException.h"
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
//任务4:在主函数中创建Vec3D对象并调用[]制造越界问题
//捕获异常并输出异常中的信息
int main()
{
	Vec3D v{ 3.5,2.1,8.6};
	try
	{
		std::cout << (v/ 0.0)[0] << std::endl;
	}
	catch (RangeException &e)
	{
		std::cout << "Exception :" << e.what() << std::endl;
		std::cout << "Vector dimension is " << e.getDimension() << std::endl;
		std::cout << "You used index " << e.getIndex() << std::endl;

	} 
	catch (ZeroException& e)
	{
		std::cout << "Exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
	}

	return 0;
}

结果如上图所示

相关文件

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
#include<exception>
//任务2:创建RangeException 类
//定义构造函数 RangeException(std::size_t dimension,const int index)
class RangeException:public std::out_of_range
{
private:
	std::size_t dimension{ 3 };
	int index{ 0 };
public:
	RangeException(std::size_t dimension,  int index)
		:out_of_range("index exceedsVector dimension")
	{
		this->dimension = dimension;
		this->index = index;
	}
	std::size_t getDimension()
	{
		return dimension;
	}
	int getIndex()
	{
		return index;
	}


};

#pragma once
#include<stdexcept>
#include<exception>
//
class ZeroException :public std::runtime_error
{
public:
	ZeroException() :runtime_error("Divided by 0.0") {}
	ZeroException(const char* msg) :runtime_error(msg) {}


};

#pragma once
#include<array>
#include<cmath>
#include<limits>
#include"RangeException.h"
#include"ZeroException.h"

class Vec3D
{
public:
	constexpr static std::size_t DIMENSION = 3;
private:
	std::array<double, 3> vec{ 1.0,1.0,1.0 };

	bool isSame(double a, double b)
	{
		return std::fabs(a - b) < std::numeric_limits<double>::epsilon();

	}

public:
	Vec3D() = default;
	Vec3D(double x, double y, double z)
	{
		vec[0] = x;
		vec[1] = y;
		vec[2] = z;
	}
	double& operator[](const int index)
	{
		if (index >= 0 && index <= 2)
		{
			return vec[index];
		}
		else
		{
			throw RangeException(3, index);
		}
	}

	Vec3D operator/(const double divisor)
	{
		Vec3D t(*this);
		if (isSame(divisor, 0.0))
		{
			throw ZeroException();
		}
		else
		{
			for (auto& i : t.vec)
			{
				i /= divisor;
			}
		}
		return t;

	}

};