opencv4 源码安装编译使用入门

安装编译

安装

#首先安装 gtk2.0
sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config  libcanberra-gtk-module
sudo pip3 install opencv-contrib-python

git clone https://github.com/opencv/opencv.git
cd opencv
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make
sudo make install

查看版本

pkg-config --modversion opencv

Cmake 编译配置

#设置CMAKE最低版本
CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED(VERSION 2.8)
#设置项目名称
SET(PROJECT_NAME Image_Test_01)
#建立项目
PROJECT(${PROJECT_NAME})
#寻找OpenCV库
FIND_PACKAGE(OpenCV REQUIRED)
INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES(${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS})
#打印调试信息
MESSAGE(STATUS "Project: ${PROJECT_NAME}")
MESSAGE(STATUS "OpenCV library status:")
MESSAGE(STATUS "    version: ${OpenCV_VERSION}")
MESSAGE(STATUS "    libraries: ${OpenCV_LIBS}")
MESSAGE(STATUS "    include path: ${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS}")

#获取代码，在项目中，将所有代码都放在src文件夹中
AUX_SOURCE_DIRECTORY(src DIR_SRCS)
MESSAGE(STATUS "Src file: ${DIR_SRCS}")
#编译可执行程序
ADD_EXECUTABLE(${PROJECT_NAME} ${DIR_SRCS})
#添加链接库
TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(${PROJECT_NAME} ${OpenCV_LIBS})

基础功能

Mat

Mat 官方教程
1,大部分操作都是拷贝地址指针，而不是直接拷贝数据

Mat A, C;                          // creates just the header parts
A = imread(argv[1], IMREAD_COLOR); // here we'll know the method used (allocate matrix)
Mat B(A);                                 // Use the copy constructor
C = A;                                    // Assignment operator
Mat D (A, Rect(10, 10, 100, 100) ); // using a rectangle
Mat E = A(Range::all(), Range(1,3)); // using row and column boundaries

2, 真正的复制数据

Mat F = A.clone();
Mat G;
A.copyTo(G);

3, 直接创建 Mat 矩阵

 Mat M(2,2, CV_8UC3, Scalar(0,0,255));
 cout << "M = " << endl << " " << M << endl << endl;

输出
M =
[0, 0, 255, 0 , 0 ,255;
0, 0, 255, 0, 0, 255]
8UC3 的含义
CV_[多少位数据8bit,16bit, 32…][有符号，无符号][类型，char, int][几通道]
4 用数组创建Mat

int sz[3] = {2,2,2};
Mat L(3,sz, CV_8UC(1), Scalar::all(0));

5 Matlab风格

Mat E = Mat::eye(4, 4, CV_64F);
cout << "E = " << endl << " " << E << endl << endl;
Mat O = Mat::ones(2, 2, CV_32F);
cout << "O = " << endl << " " << O << endl << endl;
Mat Z = Mat::zeros(3,3, CV_8UC1);
cout << "Z = " << endl << " " << Z << endl << endl;

6 Point

Point2f P(5, 1);
cout << "Point (2D) = " << P << endl << endl;
Point3f P3f(2, 6, 7);
cout << "Point (3D) = " << P3f << endl << endl;
vector<float> v;
v.push_back( (float)CV_PI);   v.push_back(2);    v.push_back(3.01f);
cout << "Vector of floats via Mat = " << Mat(v) << endl << endl;
vector<Point2f> vPoints(20);
for (size_t i = 0; i < vPoints.size(); ++i)
       vPoints[i] = Point2f((float)(i * 5), (float)(i % 7));
cout << "A vector of 2D Points = " << vPoints << endl << endl;

读写图像

Mat img = imread(filename);
Mat img = imread(filename, IMREAD_GRAYSCALE);
imwrite(filename, img);

读取intensity

Scalar intensity = img.at<uchar>(y, x);
Scalar intensity = img.at<uchar>(Point(x, y));
// read BGR color ordering uchar
Vec3b intensity = img.at<Vec3b>(y, x);
uchar blue = intensity.val[0];
uchar green = intensity.val[1];
uchar red = intensity.val[2];
// read bgr flaot
Vec3f intensity = img.at<Vec3f>(y, x);
float blue = intensity.val[0];
float green = intensity.val[1];
float red = intensity.val[2];

更新intensity

img.at<uchar>(y, x) = 128;

选择区域

Rect r(10, 10, 100, 100);
Mat smallImg = img(r);

类型转换

Mat img = imread("image.jpg"); // loading a 8UC3 image
Mat grey;
cvtColor(img, grey, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);

图像显示

        Mat img = imread("image.jpg");
        namedWindow("image", WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
        imshow("image", img);
        waitKey();
        Mat img = imread("image.jpg");
        Mat grey;
        cvtColor(img, grey, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
        Mat sobelx;
        Sobel(grey, sobelx, CV_32F, 1, 0);
        double minVal, maxVal;
        minMaxLoc(sobelx, &minVal, &maxVal); //find minimum and maximum intensities
        Mat draw;
        sobelx.convertTo(draw, CV_8U, 255.0/(maxVal - minVal), -minVal * 255.0/(maxVal - minVal));
        namedWindow("image", WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
        imshow("image", draw);
        waitKey();        

图像处理教程

官方教程

画线画圆写字

https://docs.opencv.org/4.x/d3/d96/tutorial_basic_geometric_drawing.html

Example

#include <opencv2/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgproc.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui.hpp>

using namespace cv;
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    Mat image = imread("test.png");
    putText(image,"aega",Point(10,10),cv::FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX,1,cv::Scalar(0,0,255),1);
    imshow("eee",image);;
    waitKey(0);
    return 0;

}

#in your project cp CMakelists to you project
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make