Structured Articles - 结构商品

 

 Structured articles are made up of several different articles. You must enter these components and their   quantities in the bill of material of the structured article.

  结构商品由很多不同的商品组成。必须在结构物料的BOM中输入组成物料和对应价格。

  

  A display is a number of single articles or variants of one or more generic articles that are sold as   individual items to consumers. A display has an own article number, purchasing price and purchase price  conditions. Displays are made up by the manufacturer or vendor.

   展示商品是一些可以单独销售给客户的单一商品或者若干个一般商品的变式。展示商品有自己的商品编码，采购价格，采购价格条件。

  A sales set is a number of single articles or variants of one or more generic articles. A sales set has an   own article number and an own sales price.

  组合商品是一些单一商品或者诺干个一般商品的变式。组合商品有自己的商品编码和自己的销售价格。

  Purchased sets are already in the form of a set when the articles are purchased, are managed as a set right   through the supply chain and are sold as a set or as individual components.

  采购组合是商品在整个供应链中，以组合的方式进行采购，管理。并且以组合或者单一商品的方式进行销售。

  

  A prepack is a number of variants of one or more generic articles that are sold as individual items. A   prepack has an own article number, purchase price and purchase price conditions. Unlike displays, the  components in prepacks must belong to the same merchandise category as the prepack itself.

    预包装商品是一些可以单独销售给客户的由若干个一般商品的变式。预包装商品可以有自己的商品编码，采购价格，采购价格条件。不同于展示商品的是，预包装商品的组件商品的商品分类必须和预包装商品一致。

 

 

 A sales set is usually a collection of separate articles that has an own sales price. The sales set articles   can often be sold as separate articles.

 销售组合商品一般由含有自己价格的商品组成。销售组合商品可以作为单独的商品销售。

  In Purchasing, sales sets are made up of more than one article. In Sales, the articles in a sales set have a   sales price and a tax code.

  在采购中，销售组合商品由多个商品组成，并且在销售中，销售组合商品有自己的销售价格和税码。

  Sales set components can be considered as individual articles They may belong to different merchandise   categories and have different tax codes. The set itself, however, can only have one tax code.

   销售组合商品中的组件被认为一个单独的商品，这些单独的商品也许归属于不同的商品分类并且有不同的税码。而这些组件的销售组合商品只能有一个税码。

  Inventory is managed on component level, if the components can be sold separately. It can also be   carried out on the set level. You can make a setting in Customizing for the level on which you want to  have the stock-related resolution.

  销售组合商品的库存管理层级在组件层，如果销售组合商品的组件商品可以单独销售，那同样在销售组合商品层面销售。

   Another form is the price set: The set is only created by assigning a common sales price. This is   generally lower than the total of the components' sales prices which can basically all be sold  individually. Components do not become a set if they are simply all packaged together.

   另外一个方面就是价格的设置，销售组合商品的价格的建立只能依靠分配一个销售价格，一般该销售价格会低于组件商品作为单品销售时价格的总和。如果组件商品只是将做简单的打包，则该组件商品的价格不会影响销售组合商品的价格。

   If sets and the articles contained in them are sold individually in the store (for example, cases and a set of   three cases), then you should carry the stock as individual articles (components). The component stock  decreases as the sets are sold. Any profit losses incurred by the sale of the set are posted to a separate  account (POS inbound).

   如果组合商品和其包含的商品都作为单品进行销售，则将对组件商品层面进行库存管理。当组合商品被售出时，对应的组件商品数量将会被扣减。在组件商品销售中出现的任何利润损失都将会进一个单独的科目。

  

  

   A display is always a quantity of articles grouped together by the manufacturer or vendor, which may   have a common purchasing price and are usually bought under the same article number. The articles are  usually presented in the same packaging.

    展示结构商品一般为制造商或者供应商打包号的多个商品的集合，一般含有一个采购价格，并且都是采用同一个商品编码并且用同一个包装。

    It is not until the display reaches the stores that it is split up into its individual components for sale to the   consumer. Displays are used most often in promotions. Usually, they are not ordered directly by the  stores, but are allocated to the stores centrally.

    在日常业务中，展示商品不会直到抵达门店时才会分拆成单品销售给客户。展示商品一般会经常用于促销。一般来说，展示商品不会直接由门店订购，但是一般会集中分配给门店。

    Inventory is usually managed in the store on individual component level, and in the distribution center, it   is managed on complete display level. You can make a setting in Customizing for the level on which you  want to have the stock-related resolution for the display.

    在门店/存储点中，库存的管理一般在单品组件层面中，并且，在分销中心中，库存的管理包含了展示商品的所有层级。

    

    

    A prepack can be put together by either the manufacturer, vendor, or the retailer. Prepacks are mostly  used in the textile sector or in shoe manufacturing.

    预包装商品可以由制造商，供应商，零售门店进行包装。预包装业务一般用于纺织部门或者制鞋业。

     A prepack is maintained as an individual article. It has its own article number, its own purchasing price   and its own purchasing conditions. The prepack components have to belong to the same merchandise  category as the prepack itself.

     预包装商品一般被维护成单个的商品，含有自己的商品代码，采购价格，采购价格条件。预包装商品内的组件商品的商品分类和预包装商品一致。

     Inventory is usually managed in the store on individual component level, and in the distribution center, it   is managed on complete prepack level. You can make a setting in Customizing for the level on which  you want to have the stock-related resolution for the prepack.

     在门店/存储点中，库存的管理一般在单品组件层面中，并且，在分销中心中，库存的管理包含了展示商品的所有层级。

    In the retail industry, prepacks are only sold in their individual components, whereas in wholesale, they   are sold as complete prepacks.

    在零售行业中，预包装商品都是按单品销售，然而在批发业务中，可以按照整个包装来销售。

    

    

    In this Customizing view, you can determine on which levels in the logistics chain (distribution center,   store) you want to resolve the set, display and prepack bills of material for stock:

     在定制界面中，可以决定在分销链中的那个层面制定库存中组合商品，展示商品，预包装商品的物料清单

     

                In purchase orders, the resolution is purely informative.

                在采购订单中，解决方案为纯信息，不产生任何影响。

                

                A resolution in the goods receipt means that, from this level, inventory is managed on component   level and the header article has no stock.

                在收货中的解决方案中，在该层级中，只做组件商品的库存管理，抬头商品没有库存。

      You can set the resolution of the structured articles to the following levels: store/DC, distribution chain,   individual sites and for individual structured articles.

      结构商品可以在：门店、分销中心、单个工厂，单个结构商品层面设置解决方案。

 

        Sets, displays, prepacks and empties are structured articles that consist of several components. In this   case, you must specify not only the components, but also the quantities in which the components are  contained in the structured article. This relationship is shown in the bills of material.

        组合商品，展示商品，预包装商品，空白结构商品都是由若干组件组成。因此，不但需要指定组件商品，还需要指定组件商品的数量。

        

        The item category controls the classification of the item in a bill of material according to set criteria,   such as the object reference (article master record) or the inventory management. This enables item relevant  data to be processed for the bill of material. You can control field selection, default values in  bill of material maintenance or special system activities with the item category that you select.  For example, for an item category such as a stock item, you can maintain article data which enables  inventory management.

         在商品清单中，行项目类别根据标准来控制其行项目分类，例如根据参考目标（商品主数据）或者库存管理。以保证行项目中相关数据根据商品清单进行处理。可以根据行项目类别控制字段选择、默认参数，或者特殊系统活动标识。例如一个库存相关的行项目类别控制哪些商品做库存管理。

  
   

       The prepack article that is to be created has to be labeled with the article category PREPACK.

        预包装物料在创建时必须打上商品分类：PREPACK标识。

        

        The merchandise category in which the prepack is being created has to be the merchandise category in   which the generic articles were created whose variants then, in turn, become the components of the  prepack.

        预包装物料的商品分类必须的对应的创建该变式的一般商品的商品分类。

        The components are assigned to the prepack in the basic data view, that is, from there the bill of material  is maintained. You need to determine here in the basic data how many of the variants are to be assigned  to the prepack. You can distribute the quantities of variants using value and quota scales.

         预包装商品的组件商品分配在商品清单中基本数据视图中，在基本数据中，必须决定多少变式商品分配至预包装商品中。

  
  

          An empties article is a form of returnable transport packaging or sales packaging that is usually subject   to a deposit. The empties article is assigned to a full product.

           一个空的商品一般为可回收的包装物或者销售包装物。空的商品一般会分配给一个完整的商品。

        

          You can flag a full product by setting the indicator in the basic data screen to 'With bill of material for   empties'. The bill of material for empties shows the relationship between a full product and an empties  article:

           可以在基本数据屏幕中设置 'With bill of material for  empties'来标识一个完整的商品，用于展示完整的商品和空商品的关系。

            

                1. The full product and the unit of measure together make up the BOM header.

                    BOM的抬头数据为完整的商品和对应的计量单位。

                2. The empties article that you have assigned forms the components.

                     分配的空商品组成了一个BOM。

            The individual BOM components and the full product itself all have their own article master record.

             BOm中的每一个单独的组件和完整的产品都有属于自己的商品主数据。

            In the standard SAP Retail system, you create an empties article as a single article with the article type   'Empties' and a full product as a single article too, with the article type 'Full products'.

            在标准的SAP零售系统中，可以使用商品类型“空”创建一个空的单一商品和使用商品类型“完整商品”来创建一个完整产品的单一商品。

            If you are listing a full product that is assigned an empties article, then the empties article will also be   listed automatically.

            如果列出一个分配了空商品的完整商品，则对应的空商品也自动列出。