第7周作业--中断及串口通信进阶

1. (简答题)

学习stm32中断、DMA通信原理和编程方法。
一.高低电平控制灯灭
1.创建过程
打开 STM32CubeMX，点击 ACCESS TO MCU SELECTOR

选择对应的芯片，这里我用到的是 STM32F103C8T6，在搜索框输入 STM32F103C8，双击搜索到的芯片

进行配置。



PB0为开关，选择GPIO_EXIT0

PA1为灯，设置为output，并将PA1的GPIO output level设为high


3.在keli加入以下代码
void HAL_GPIO_EXTI_Callback(uint16_t GPIO_Pin)
{
if(GPIO_Pin == SWITCH_Pin){
//获取B5的电位
GPIO_PinState pinState = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(SWITCH_GPIO_Port,SWITCH_Pin);

//低电位
if(pinState==GPIO_PIN_RESET)
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LED_GPIO_Port,LED_Pin,GPIO_PIN_RESET);//把A5变为低电位，灯灭

//高电位
else
	HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LED_GPIO_Port,LED_Pin,GPIO_PIN_SET);//把A5变为高电位，灯亮
}

}
4.生成hex文件。

5.找到hex文件进行烧录。boot0 置1


烧录成功后，断电。boot0置0，然后再继续。

二.采用串口中断方式重做上周的串口通信作业
1.创建工程

选择对应的芯片，这里我用到的是 STM32F103C8T6，在搜索框输入 STM32F103C8，双击搜索到的芯片

设置 RCC

设置SYS，将 Debug 改为 Serial Wire

设置USART1，设置MODE为异步通信，波特率为115200 Bits/s，传输数据长度为8 Bit，奇偶检验无，停止位1

设置NVIC，点击 NVIC Settings 一栏使能接收中断

修改项目名称、存储位置和编译器版本，创建项目

打开项目，点击 Open Project
在main函数前定义全局变量：
char c;//指令 s:停止 t:开始
char hello[]=“hello windows!\n”;//输出信息
char tips[]=“CommandError\n”;//提示1，命令错误
char tips1[]=“Start…\n”;//提示2，开始传输
char tips2[]=“Stop…\n”;//提示3，停止传输
int flag=0;//标志 s：停止发送 t：开始发送
在main函数中设置接收中断：
函数说明：
函数原型

HAL_UART_Receive_IT(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart, uint8_t *pData, uint16_t Size)
main函数中的while循环里面添加传输代码：

if(flag==1){
		//发送信息
		HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&hello, strlen(hello),0xFFFF); 
		
		//延时
		HAL_Delay(1000);
	}

这里用到了 strlen() 函数，需要在 main.c 前面加上一句 #include “string.h”，来声明包含 strlen() 函数的头文件

在main函数下面重写中断处理函数：

void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{

//当输入的指令为s时,发送提示并改变flag
if(c=='s'){
	flag=0;
	HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&tips2, strlen(tips2),0xFFFF); 
}

//当输入的指令为t时,发送提示并改变flag
else if(c=='t'){
	flag=1;
	HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&tips1, strlen(tips1),0xFFFF); 
}

//当输入不存在指令时,发送提示并改变flag
else {
	flag=0;
	HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&tips, strlen(tips),0xFFFF); 
}

//重新设置中断
	HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&c, 1);  

}

** main.c 修改部分代码：**

#include “main.h”
#include “usart.h”
#include “gpio.h”
#include <string.h>

void SystemClock_Config(void);

char c;//指令 s:停止 t:开始
char hello[]=“hello windows!\n”;//输出信息
char tips[]=“CommandError\n”;//提示1，命令错误
char tips1[]=“Start…\n”;//提示2，开始传输
char tips2[]=“Stop…\n”;//提示3，停止传输
int flag=0;//标志 s：停止发送 t：开始发送

int main(void)
{
HAL_Init();
SystemClock_Config();
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_USART1_UART_Init();

//设置接受中断
HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&c, 1);


//当flag为1时,每秒发送一次信息
//当flag为0时,停止
while (1)
{
	if(flag==1){
	//发送信息
		HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&hello, strlen(hello),0xFFFF); 
		
	//延时
	HAL_Delay(1000);
	}
}

}

void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{

//当输入的指令为s时,发送提示并改变flag
if(c=='s'){
	flag=0;
	HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&tips2, strlen(tips2),0xFFFF); 
}

//当输入的指令为t时,发送提示并改变flag
else if(c=='t'){
	flag=1;
	HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&tips1, strlen(tips1),0xFFFF); 
}

//当输入不存在指令时,发送提示并改变flag
else {
	flag=0;
	HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&tips, strlen(tips),0xFFFF); 
}

//重新设置中断
	HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&c, 1);  

}
/* USER CODE END 4 /
/*

• @brief System Clock Configuration
• @retval None
  */
  void SystemClock_Config(void)
  {
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters

• in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  /
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
  Error_Handler();
  }
  /* Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
  |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSI;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**

• @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
• @retval None
  /
  void Error_Handler(void)
  {
  / USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug /
  / User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state /
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  / USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
  }
  烧录
  
  实验结果
  
  三、采用串口中断方式发送“Hello windows!”
  1.新建工程
  
  
  在 mian.c 中写入以下代码

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header /
/*

---

• @file : main.c
• @brief : Main program body

---

• @attention
• Copyright © 2022 STMicroelectronics.
• All rights reserved.
• This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
• in the root directory of this software component.
• If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.

---

/
/ USER CODE END Header /
/ Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include “main.h”
#include “usart.h”
#include “gpio.h”
#include “stdio.h”
#include “string.h”

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------/
/ USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------/
/ USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------/
/ USER CODE BEGIN PD */
uint8_t aRxBuffer;
uint8_t Uart1_RxBuff[256];
uint8_t str1[20] = “stop stm32”;
uint8_t str2[20] = “go stm32”;
uint8_t Uart1_Rx_Cnt = 0;
uint8_t cAlmStr[] = “Êý¾ÝÒç³ö(´óÓÚ256)\r\n”;

unsigned int flag = 1;

/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------/
/ USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/ USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------/
/ USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**

• @brief The application entry point.
• @retval int
  /
  int main(void)
  {
  / USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

/* USER CODE END 1 */

/* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();

/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

/* USER CODE END Init */

/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();

/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

/* USER CODE END SysInit */

/* Initialize all configured peripherals /
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_USART1_UART_Init();
/ USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, (uint8_t )&aRxBuffer, 1);
/ USER CODE END 2 */

/* Infinite loop /
/ USER CODE BEGIN WHILE /
while (1)
{
/ USER CODE END WHILE */

/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  if(flag == 1)
  {
  	printf("ppm Hello windows!\r\n");
  }
  
  else
  {
	  //printf("stop stm32 NO!\r\n");
  }
	HAL_Delay(500);

}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**

• @brief System Clock Configuration
• @retval None
  */
  void SystemClock_Config(void)
  {
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters

• in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
  Error_Handler();
  }

/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 /
/ USER CODE BEGIN 4 /
/*

• @brief Rx Transfer completed callbacks.

• @param huart pointer to a UART_HandleTypeDef structure that contains

•            the configuration information for the specified UART module.
  

• @retval None
  */
  void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef huart)
  {
  / Prevent unused argument(s) compilation warning /
  UNUSED(huart);
  / NOTE: This function Should not be modified, when the callback is needed,
  the HAL_UART_TxCpltCallback could be implemented in the user file
  */
  if (strcmp(Uart1_RxBuff, str1) == 0) flag = 0;
  if (strcmp(Uart1_RxBuff, str2) == 0) flag = 1;

  //if(Uart1_RxBuff[0]‘g’) flag = 1;
  //if(Uart1_RxBuff[0]‘s’) flag = 0;

  if(Uart1_Rx_Cnt >= 255) //Òç³öÅжÏ
  {
  Uart1_Rx_Cnt = 0;
  memset(Uart1_RxBuff,0x00,sizeof(Uart1_RxBuff));
  HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&cAlmStr, sizeof(cAlmStr),0xFFFF);
  }
  else
  {
  Uart1_RxBuff[Uart1_Rx_Cnt++] = aRxBuffer; //½ÓÊÕÊý¾Ýת´æ

  if((Uart1_RxBuff[Uart1_Rx_Cnt-1] == 0x0A)&&(Uart1_RxBuff[Uart1_Rx_Cnt-2] == 0x0D)) //ÅжϽáÊøλ
  {
  	HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&Uart1_RxBuff, Uart1_Rx_Cnt,0xFFFF); //½«ÊÕµ½µÄÐÅÏ¢·¢ËͳöÈ¥
  	Uart1_Rx_Cnt = 0;
  	memset(Uart1_RxBuff,0x00,sizeof(Uart1_RxBuff)); //Çå¿ÕÊý×é
  }
  

  }

  HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, (uint8_t )&aRxBuffer, 1); //ÔÙ¿ªÆô½ÓÊÕÖжÏ
  }
  / USER CODE END 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**

• @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
• @retval None
  /
  void Error_Handler(void)
  {
  / USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug /
  / User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state /
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  / USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
  }

#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**

• @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number

•     where the assert_param error has occurred.
  

• @param file: pointer to the source file name
• @param line: assert_param error line source number
• @retval None
  */
  void assert_failed(uint8_t file, uint32_t line)
  {
  / USER CODE BEGIN 6 /
  / User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
  ex: printf(“Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n”, file, line) /
  / USER CODE END 6 /
  }
  #endif / USE_FULL_ASSERT */
  编译烧录
  
  实验效果
  
  四、串口DMA接收发数据
  创建工程

下面我们在CubeMx中配置工程，系统、时钟等跳过
打开USART1及DMA模式


选择USART1_RX一栏，配置DMA参数
选择USART1_TX一栏，配置DMA参数

在Pinout&Configuration–Connectivity–USART1–NVIC Settings中打开中断
在while循环中添加

实机演示

五、总结

本次实验通过中断到串口DMA通信，我们认识到DMA的出现就是为了解决批量数据的输入/输出问题。DMA是指外部设备不通过CPU而直接与系统内存交换数据的接口技术。这样数据的传送速度就取决于存储器和外设的工作速度。