C++中将运算符重载为全局函数

注意：
1.将运算符重载为全局函数时，形参中至少要有一个为自定义的数据类型，即不能全为基本数据类型；
2.注意运用friend关键字可将非成员函数定义为某个类的友元，此时，该函数便可访问该类的私有成员变量了。

/*---------------------------------------
功能：将运算符重载为全局函数(非成员函数)
运行结果：
c1 = (2, 3)
c2 = (4, 5)
c3 = (6, 8)
c3 = (-2, -2)
----------------------------------------
Author: Zhang Kaizhou
Date: 2019-4-10 08:43:30
---------------------------------------*/
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Complex{ // 定义一个复数类
private:
    double real, imag;
public:
    Complex(double r = 0.0, double i = 0.0):real(r), imag(i){} // 构造函数
    /*将以下三个运算符重载函数定义为Complex类的友元函数，此时他们就可以访问Complex类的私有成员变量*/
    friend Complex operator +(const Complex & c1, const Complex & c2);
    friend Complex operator -(const Complex & c1, const Complex & c2);
    friend ostream & operator <<(ostream & out, const Complex & c);
};

/*将三个运算符函数以全局函数的方式实现*/
Complex operator +(const Complex & c1, const Complex & c2){
    return Complex(c1.real + c2.real, c1.imag + c2.imag);
}

Complex operator -(const Complex & c1, const Complex & c2){
    return Complex(c1.real - c2.real, c1.imag - c2.imag);
}

ostream & operator <<(ostream & out, const Complex & c){
    out << "(" << c.real << ", " << c.imag << ")";
    return out;
}

int main(){
    Complex c1(2, 3), c2(4, 5), c3;
    cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
    cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
    c3 = c1 + c2;
    cout << "c3 = " << c3 << endl;
    c3 = c1 - c2;
    cout << "c3 = " << c3 << endl;

    return 0;
}