UniversalTransformer with Adaptive Computation Time(ACT)

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原论文链接：https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.03819

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Main code

import torch
import numpy as np

class PositionTimestepEmbedding(torch.nn.Module):

    def forward(self, x, t):

        device = x.device

        sequence_length = x.size(1)
        d_model = x.size(2)

        position_embedding = np.array([
            [
                pos / np.power(10000, 2.0 * (j // 2) / d_model) for j in range(d_model)
            ] for pos in range(sequence_length)
        ])

        position_embedding[:, 0::2] = np.sin(position_embedding[:, 0::2])
        position_embedding[:, 1::2] = np.cos(position_embedding[:, 1::2])

        timestep_embedding = np.array([
            [
                t / np.power(10000, 2.0 * (j // 2) / d_model) for j in range(d_model)
            ]
        ])

        timestep_embedding[:, 0::2] = np.sin(timestep_embedding[:, 0::2])
        timestep_embedding[:, 1::2] = np.sin(timestep_embedding[:, 1::2])

        embedding = position_embedding + timestep_embedding

        return x + torch.tensor(embedding, dtype=torch.float, requires_grad=False, device=device)

class MultiHeadAttention(torch.nn.Module):

    def __init__(self, d_model, num_heads, dropout=0.):
        super().__init__()

        self.d_model = d_model
        self.num_heads = num_heads

        self.head_dim = d_model // num_heads

        assert self.head_dim * num_heads == self.d_model, "d_model must be divisible by num_heads"

        self.query = torch.nn.Linear(d_model, d_model)
        self.key = torch.nn.Linear(d_model, d_model)
        self.value = torch.nn.Linear(d_model, d_model)

        self.dropout = torch.nn.Dropout(dropout)

        self.output = torch.nn.Linear(d_model, d_model)
        self.layer_norm = torch.nn.LayerNorm(d_model)

    def scaled_dot_product_attention(self, q, k, v, mask=None):

        scores = torch.matmul(q, k.transpose(-2, -1)) / (self.head_dim ** 0.5)

        if mask is not None:
            scores = scores.masked_fill(mask, -np.inf)

        scores = scores.softmax(dim=-1)

        scores = self.dropout(scores)

        return torch.matmul(scores, v), scores

    def forward(self, q, k, v, mask=None):

        batch_size = q.size(0)

        residual = q

        if mask is not None:
            mask = mask.unsqueeze(1)

        q = self.query(q).view(batch_size, -1, self.num_heads, self.head_dim).transpose(1, 2)
        k = self.key(k).view(batch_size, -1, self.num_heads, self.head_dim).transpose(1, 2)
        v = self.value(v).view(batch_size, -1, self.num_heads, self.head_dim).transpose(1, 2)

        out, scores = self.scaled_dot_product_attention(q, k, v, mask)

        out = (
            out.transpose(1, 2)
            .contiguous()
            .view(batch_size, -1, self.num_heads * self.head_dim)
        )
        out = self.output(out)

        out += residual

        return self.layer_norm(out)

class TransitionFunction(torch.nn.Module):

    def __init__(self, d_model, dim_transition, dropout=0.):
        super().__init__()

        self.linear1 = torch.nn.Linear(d_model, dim_transition)
        self.relu = torch.nn.ReLU()
        self.linear2 = torch.nn.Linear(dim_transition, d_model)
        self.dropout = torch.nn.Dropout(dropout)
        self.layer_norm = torch.nn.LayerNorm(d_model)

    def forward(self, x):

        y = self.linear1(x)
        y = self.relu(y)
        y = self.linear2(y)
        y = self.dropout(y)
        y = y + x

        return self.layer_norm(y)

class EncoderBasicLayer(torch.nn.Module):

    def __init__(self, d_model, dim_transition, num_heads, dropout=0.):
        super().__init__()

        self.self_attention = MultiHeadAttention(d_model, num_heads, dropout)

        self.transition = TransitionFunction(d_model, dim_transition, dropout)

    def forward(self, block_inputs, enc_self_attn_mask=None):

        self_attention_outputs = self.self_attention(block_inputs, block_inputs, block_inputs, enc_self_attn_mask)

        block_outputs = self.transition(self_attention_outputs)

        return block_outputs

class DecoderBasicLayer(torch.nn.Module):

    def __init__(self, d_model, dim_transition, num_heads, dropout=0.):
        super().__init__()

        self.self_attention = MultiHeadAttention(d_model, num_heads, dropout)

        self.attention_enc_dec = MultiHeadAttention(d_model, num_heads, dropout)

        self.transition = TransitionFunction(d_model, dim_transition, dropout)

    def forward(self, dec_inputs, enc_outputs, dec_self_attn_mask=None, dec_enc_attn_mask=None):

        dec_query = self.self_attention(dec_inputs, dec_inputs, dec_inputs, dec_self_attn_mask)

        block_outputs = self.attention_enc_dec(dec_query, enc_outputs, enc_outputs, dec_enc_attn_mask)

        block_outputs = self.transition(block_outputs)

        return block_outputs

class RecurrentEncoderBlock(torch.nn.Module):

    def __init__(self, num_layers, d_model, dim_transition, num_heads, dropout=0.):
        super().__init__()

        self.layers = torch.nn.ModuleList([
            EncoderBasicLayer(
                d_model,
                dim_transition,
                num_heads,
                dropout
            ) for _ in range(num_layers)
        ])

    def forward(self, x, enc_self_attn_mask=None):

        for l in self.layers:
            x = l(x, enc_self_attn_mask)

        return x

class RecurrentDecoderBlock(torch.nn.Module):

    def __init__(self, num_layers, d_model, dim_transition, num_heads, dropout=0.):
        super().__init__()

        self.layers = torch.nn.ModuleList([
            DecoderBasicLayer(
                d_model,
                dim_transition,
                num_heads,
                dropout
            ) for _ in range(num_layers)
        ])

    def forward(self, dec_inputs, enc_outputs, dec_self_attn_mask, dec_enc_attn_mask):

        for l in self.layers:
            dec_inputs = l(dec_inputs, enc_outputs, dec_self_attn_mask, dec_enc_attn_mask)

        return dec_inputs

class AdaptiveNetwork(torch.nn.Module):

    def __init__(self, d_model, dim_transition, epsilon, max_hop):
        super().__init__()

        self.threshold = 1.0 - epsilon
        self.max_hop = max_hop

        self.halting_predict = torch.nn.Sequential(
            torch.nn.Linear(d_model, dim_transition),
            torch.nn.ReLU(),
            torch.nn.Linear(dim_transition, 1),
            torch.nn.Sigmoid()
        )

    def forward(self, x, mask, pos_time_embed, recurrent_block, encoder_output=None):

        device = x.device

        halting_probability = torch.zeros((x.size(0), x.size(1)), device=device)
        remainders = torch.zeros((x.size(0), x.size(1)), device=device)
        n_updates = torch.zeros((x.size(0), x.size(1)), device=device)

        previous = torch.zeros_like(x, device=device)

        step = 0

        while (((halting_probability < self.threshold) & (n_updates < self.max_hop)).byte().any()):

            x = x + pos_time_embed(x, step)

            p = self.halting_predict(x).squeeze(-1)

            still_running = (halting_probability < 1.0).float()

            new_halted = (halting_probability + p * still_running > self.threshold).float() * still_running

            still_running = (halting_probability + p * still_running <= self.threshold).float() * still_running

            halting_probability = halting_probability + p * still_running

            remainders = remainders + new_halted * (1 - halting_probability)

            halting_probability = halting_probability + new_halted * remainders

            n_updates = n_updates + still_running + new_halted

            update_weights = p * still_running + new_halted * remainders

            if encoder_output is not None:
                x = recurrent_block(x, encoder_output, mask[0], mask[1])

            else:
                x = recurrent_block(x, mask)

            previous = ((x * update_weights.unsqueeze(-1)) + (previous * (1 - update_weights.unsqueeze(-1))))

            step += 1

        return previous

class Encoder(torch.nn.Module):

    def __init__(self, epsilon, max_hop, num_layers, d_model, dim_transition, num_heads, dropout=0.):
        super().__init__()

        assert 0 < epsilon < 1, "0 < epsilon < 1 !!!"

        self.pos_time_embedding = PositionTimestepEmbedding()

        self.recurrent_block = RecurrentEncoderBlock(
            num_layers,
            d_model,
            dim_transition,
            num_heads,
            dropout
        )

        self.adaptive_network = AdaptiveNetwork(d_model, dim_transition, epsilon, max_hop)

    def forward(self, x, enc_self_attn_mask=None):

        return self.adaptive_network(x, enc_self_attn_mask, self.pos_time_embedding, self.recurrent_block)

class Decoder(torch.nn.Module):

    def __init__(self, epsilon, max_hop, num_layers, d_model, dim_transition, num_heads, dropout=0.):
        super().__init__()

        assert 0 < epsilon < 1, "0 < epsilon < 1 !!!"

        self.pos_time_embedding = PositionTimestepEmbedding()

        self.recurrent_block = RecurrentDecoderBlock(
            num_layers,
            d_model,
            dim_transition,
            num_heads,
            dropout
        )

        self.adaptive_network = AdaptiveNetwork(d_model, dim_transition, epsilon, max_hop)

    def forward(self, dec_inputs, enc_outputs, dec_self_attn_mask, dec_enc_attn_mask):

        return self.adaptive_network(dec_inputs, (dec_self_attn_mask, dec_enc_attn_mask),
                                     self.pos_time_embedding, self.recurrent_block, enc_outputs)

class AdaptiveComputationTimeUniversalTransformer(torch.nn.Module):
    
    def __init__(self, d_model, dim_transition, num_heads, enc_attn_layers, dec_attn_layers, epsilon, max_hop, dropout=0.):
        super().__init__()

        self.encoder = Encoder(epsilon, max_hop, enc_attn_layers, d_model, dim_transition, num_heads, dropout)

        self.decoder = Decoder(epsilon, max_hop, dec_attn_layers, d_model, dim_transition, num_heads, dropout)

    def forward(self, src, tgt, enc_self_attn_mask=None, dec_self_attn_mask=None, dec_enc_attn_mask=None):

        enc_outputs = self.encoder(src, enc_self_attn_mask)

        return self.decoder(tgt, enc_outputs, dec_self_attn_mask, dec_enc_attn_mask)

Mask

# from https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/403433120
def get_attn_subsequence_mask(seq):  # seq: [batch_size, tgt_len]
    attn_shape = [seq.size(0), seq.size(1), seq.size(1)]
    subsequence_mask = np.triu(np.ones(attn_shape), k=1)  # 生成上三角矩阵,[batch_size, tgt_len, tgt_len]
    subsequence_mask = torch.from_numpy(subsequence_mask).bool()  # [batch_size, tgt_len, tgt_len]
    return subsequence_mask

def get_attn_pad_mask(seq_q, seq_k):  # seq_q: [batch_size, seq_len] ,seq_k: [batch_size, seq_len]
    batch_size, len_q = seq_q.size()
    batch_size, len_k = seq_k.size()
    pad_attn_mask = seq_k.data.eq(0).unsqueeze(1)  # 判断 输入那些含有P(=0),用1标记 ,[batch_size, 1, len_k]
    return pad_attn_mask.expand(batch_size, len_q, len_k)