HMC5883L指南针罗盘模块连接arduino使用的注意事项

最近在做智能小车，要用到罗盘模块，搜了一下最常用的就是霍尼韦尔的HMC5883L，好不容易下载到了他的库文件，可是编译了一下是一大堆的错误。原始的库文件我已经上传到了CSDN，下载即可。

以下是几个坑，我已经填平的经验：高手别笑，我也是小白。

1、I2C总线用到的wire.h 头文件。老版本的是放在library文件夹下的，新的是arduino自带，无需指定文件夹。直接将HMC5883L.h里面的#include "..\wire\Wire.h"改为#include <Wire.h> 即可。

2、在HMC5883L.cpp中，wire老的方法send和receive，都需要手动改为write和read。主要是在：

void HMC5883L::Write(int address, int data)
{
  Wire.beginTransmission(HMC5883L_Address);
  Wire.write(address);
  Wire.write(data);
  Wire.endTransmission();
}

3、在HMC5883L.cpp中，arduino 1.00版本以下是WProgram.h，后续是Arduino.h。以下是改好的。

//#include <WProgram.h>   //在arduino IDE 1.0 及后续版本，WProgram.h已经改名为 Arduino.h，你把相应的.h和.cpp改名就行

#if defined(ARDUINO) && ARDUINO >= 100
#include "Arduino.h"
#else
#include "WProgram.h"
#endif

这几个改好了，例子程序就可以在arduino中直接编译通过了，我也是搞了一晚上才改好的，感谢前辈在互联网的知道，我也总结一下，为后来者指路！

附上例子，以上改好copy到arduino 1.8.5 是可以直接编译运行的。

/*
HMC5883L_Example.pde - Example sketch for integration with an HMC5883L triple axis magnetomerwe.
Copyright (C) 2011 Love Electronics (loveelectronics.co.uk)

This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the version 3 GNU General Public License as
published by the Free Software Foundation.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

*/

// Reference the I2C Library
#include <Wire.h>
// Reference the HMC5883L Compass Library
#include <HMC5883L.h>

// Store our compass as a variable.
HMC5883L compass;
// Record any errors that may occur in the compass.
int error = 0;

// Out setup routine, here we will configure the microcontroller and compass.
void setup()
{
  // Initialize the serial port.
  Serial.begin(9600);

  Serial.println("Starting the I2C interface.");
  Wire.begin(); // Start the I2C interface.

  Serial.println("Constructing new HMC5883L");
  compass = HMC5883L(); // Construct a new HMC5883 compass.
    
  Serial.println("Setting scale to +/- 1.3 Ga");
  error = compass.SetScale(1.3); // Set the scale of the compass.
  if(error != 0) // If there is an error, print it out.
    Serial.println(compass.GetErrorText(error));
  
  Serial.println("Setting measurement mode to continous.");
  error = compass.SetMeasurementMode(Measurement_Continuous); // Set the measurement mode to Continuous
  if(error != 0) // If there is an error, print it out.
    Serial.println(compass.GetErrorText(error));
}

// Our main program loop.
void loop()
{
  // Retrive the raw values from the compass (not scaled).
  MagnetometerRaw raw = compass.ReadRawAxis();
  // Retrived the scaled values from the compass (scaled to the configured scale).
  MagnetometerScaled scaled = compass.ReadScaledAxis();
  
  // Values are accessed like so:
  int MilliGauss_OnThe_XAxis = scaled.XAxis;// (or YAxis, or ZAxis)

  // Calculate heading when the magnetometer is level, then correct for signs of axis.
  float heading = atan2(scaled.YAxis, scaled.XAxis);
  
  // Once you have your heading, you must then add your 'Declination Angle', which is the 'Error' of the magnetic field in your location.
  // Find yours here: http://www.magnetic-declination.com/
  // Mine is: 2� 37' W, which is 2.617 Degrees, or (which we need) 0.0456752665 radians, I will use 0.0457
  // If you cannot find your Declination, comment out these two lines, your compass will be slightly off.
  float declinationAngle = 0.0457;
  heading += declinationAngle;
  
  // Correct for when signs are reversed.
  if(heading < 0)
    heading += 2*PI;
    
  // Check for wrap due to addition of declination.
  if(heading > 2*PI)
    heading -= 2*PI;
   
  // Convert radians to degrees for readability.
  float headingDegrees = heading * 180/M_PI; 

  // Output the data via the serial port.
  Output(raw, scaled, heading, headingDegrees);

  // Normally we would delay the application by 66ms to allow the loop
  // to run at 15Hz (default bandwidth for the HMC5883L).
  // However since we have a long serial out (104ms at 9600) we will let
  // it run at its natural speed.
  // delay(66);
}

// Output the data down the serial port.
void Output(MagnetometerRaw raw, MagnetometerScaled scaled, float heading, float headingDegrees)
{
   Serial.print("Raw:\t");
   Serial.print(raw.XAxis);
   Serial.print("   ");   
   Serial.print(raw.YAxis);
   Serial.print("   ");   
   Serial.print(raw.ZAxis);
   Serial.print("   \tScaled:\t");
   
   Serial.print(scaled.XAxis);
   Serial.print("   ");   
   Serial.print(scaled.YAxis);
   Serial.print("   ");   
   Serial.print(scaled.ZAxis);

   Serial.print("   \tHeading:\t");
   Serial.print(heading);
   Serial.print(" Radians   \t");
   Serial.print(headingDegrees);
   Serial.println(" Degrees   \t");
}