[Ubuntu 18.04]公共DNS设置[/etc/resolv.conf]

为什么要使用公共DNS

参考：为什么要使用 Public DNS ？

• 速度快
• 更稳定
• 无劫持

国内国外都有很多的厂商提供了免费的公共DNS，比如：

1. DNSPod Public DNS：119.29.29.29
2. 阿里云公共DNS：223.5.5.5/223.6.6.6
3. Google Public DNS：8.8.8.8/8.8.4.4

系统通过读取/etc/resolv.conf中的DNS地址进行查询，默认DNS服务器IP是127.0.0.53

# Dynamic resolv.conf(5) file for glibc resolver(3) generated by resolvconf(8)
#     DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE BY HAND -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE OVERWRITTEN
# 127.0.0.53 is the systemd-resolved stub resolver.
# run "systemd-resolve --status" to see details about the actual nameservers.

nameserver 127.0.0.53

该文件是一个软链接，其指向/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf

如何设置公共DNS¶

由于/etc/resolv.conf会被重写，所以关键问题在于如何在/etc/resolv.conf文件中添加新的DNS服务器地址

第一步：调整/etc/resolv.conf的软链接，使其指向文件/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf

$ cd /etc
$ rm resolv.conf
$ ln -s /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf resolv.conf

第二步：修改配置文件/etc/systemd/resolved.conf，添加新的DNS服务器IP

$ cat resolved.conf 
#  This file is part of systemd.
#
#  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
#  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
#  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
#  (at your option) any later version.
#
# Entries in this file show the compile time defaults.
# You can change settings by editing this file.
# Defaults can be restored by simply deleting this file.
#
# See resolved.conf(5) for details

[Resolve]
DNS=119.29.29.29 223.5.5.5 223.6.6.6 
#DNS=
#FallbackDNS=
#Domains=
#LLMNR=no
#MulticastDNS=no
#DNSSEC=no
#Cache=yes
#DNSStubListener=yes

第三步：重启系统

完成后，可以查看新的/etc/resolv.conf配置

$ cat /etc/resolv.conf
# This file is managed by man:systemd-resolved(8). Do not edit.
#
# This is a dynamic resolv.conf file for connecting local clients directly to
# all known uplink DNS servers. This file lists all configured search domains.
#
# Third party programs must not access this file directly, but only through the
# symlink at /etc/resolv.conf. To manage man:resolv.conf(5) in a different way,
# replace this symlink by a static file or a different symlink.
#
# See man:systemd-resolved.service(8) for details about the supported modes of
# operation for /etc/resolv.conf.

nameserver 119.29.29.29
nameserver 223.5.5.5
nameserver 223.6.6.6
# Too many DNS servers configured, the following entries may be ignored.
nameserver 113.214.230.25
nameserver 113.215.2.222

使用命令systemd-resolve --status查询

$ systemd-resolve --status
Global
         DNS Servers: 119.29.29.29
                      223.5.5.5
                      223.6.6.6
...
...

使用命令nslookup解析网址：

$ nslookup www.baidu.com
Server:     119.29.29.29
Address:    119.29.29.29#53

Non-authoritative answer:
www.baidu.com   canonical name = www.a.shifen.com.
Name:   www.a.shifen.com
Address: 182.61.200.7
Name:   www.a.shifen.com
Address: 182.61.200.6