作业：创建在游戏窗口内移动的对象和事件响应练习

练习 12-4: 火箭    编写一个游戏，它在屏幕中央显示一个火箭，而玩家可使用四个方向键上下左右移动火箭。计青务必确保火箭不会移到屏幕外面。

因为是练习，功能实现就好了，所以笔者决定做古画上会游动的水墨鱼~ 效果图如下：

代码如下：

1）ancient_paintings.py

import sys
import pygame
from seetings import Settings
from fish import  Fish

class Ancientpaintings:
    def __init__(self):
        pygame.init()   # 调用函数pygame.init()来初始化背景设置
        self.settings = Settings()   # 创建一个Settings实例并将其赋给self.settings
        # self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 700))   # 调用pygame.display.set_mode()来创建一个显示窗口，并将该显示窗口赋值给属性self.screen
        self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode(
            (self.settings.screen_width, self.settings.screen_hight)
        )
        pygame.display.set_caption("Ancient paintings")

        self.fish = Fish(self)

        # self.bg_color = (249, 244, 220)  # 将颜色赋值给self.bg_color

    def run_game(self):
        while True:
            self._check_events()
            self.fish.update()
            self._update_screen()

    def _check_events(self):
        for event in pygame.event.get():  # 使用函数pygame.event.get()函数访问pygame检测到的事件
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                sys.exit()
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                self._check_keydown_events(event)
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
                self._check_keyup_events(event)

    def _check_keydown_events(self, event):
        if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:  # 检查按下键event.key是否右箭头键pygame.K_RIGHT
            self.fish.moving_right = True
        elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
            self.fish.moving_left = True
        elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
            self.fish.moving_up = True
        elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
            self.fish.moving_down = True

    def _check_keyup_events(self, event):
        if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
            self.fish.moving_right = False
        elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
            self.fish.moving_left = False
        elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
            self.fish.moving_up = False
        elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
            self.fish.moving_down = False

    def _update_screen(self):
        # self.screen.fill(self.bg_color)   # 调用方法fill()用这种背景色填充屏幕
        self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)
        self.fish.blitme()  # 调用fish.blitme()将鱼绘制到屏幕上，确保它出现在背景前面
        pygame.display.flip()  # 调用pygame.display.flip()函数，让最近绘制的屏幕可见

if __name__ == '__main__':
    ai = Ancientpaintings()
    ai.run_game()

2）fish.py

import pygame

class Fish:
    def __init__(self, ai_game):    # ai_game为指向当前Ancientpaintings实例的引用，这让Fish能够访问Ancientpaintings中定义的所有游戏资源
        self.screen = ai_game.screen    # 将屏幕赋值给Fish的一个属性，以便在这个类的所有方法中轻松访问
        self.screen_rect = ai_game.screen.get_rect()    # 使用方法get_rect()访问屏幕的属性rect，并将其赋值给了self.screen_rect

        self.image = pygame.image.load('image/fish.bmp')    # 调用pygame.image.load()加载图像
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()   #使用get_rect()获取相应surface的属性rect，以便后面能够使用它来指定飞船的位置

        self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center

        self.moving_right = False
        self.moving_left = False
        self.moving_up = False
        self.moving_down = False

    def update(self):
        if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:    # 当前述标志为True时向右移动鱼
            self.rect.x += 1
        if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0 :
            self.rect.x -= 1
        if self.moving_up and self.rect.top > 0 :
            self.rect.y -= 1
        if self.moving_down and self.rect.bottom < self.screen_rect.bottom:
            self.rect.y += 1

    def blitme(self):
        self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)   # 使用blit( )方法将鱼的图像self.image绘制到背景图像self.rect的上方

3）settings.py

class Settings:
    def __init__(self):
        self.screen_width = 800
        self.screen_hight = 700
        self.bg_color = (249, 244, 220)
        self.fish_speed = 0.5

练习 12-5: 按键   创建一个程序，它显示一个空屏幕。在事件循环中，每当检测到pygame.KEYDOWN 事件时都打印 P属性 event.key。运行这个程序并按各种键，看看 Pygame如何响应。

import sys
import pygame

class Key:
    def __init__(self):
        pygame.init()
        self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((250, 250))
        pygame.display.set_caption("HaHa")
        self.bg_color = (240, 161, 168)

    def rum_game(self):
        while True:
            for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                    sys.exit()
                elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                    self._check_keydown_events(event)

            self.screen.fill(self.bg_color)

            pygame.display.flip()

    def _check_keydown_events(self, event):
        if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
            self.bg_color = (137, 66, 118)
        elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
            self.bg_color = (39, 117, 182)
        elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
            self.bg_color = (16, 174, 194)
        elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
            self.bg_color = (32, 127, 76)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    ai = Key()
    ai.rum_game()

窗口根据不同按键显示颜色如下：