使用pyshp写出shapefile文件方法示例

  Python Shapefile Library(PyShp)为Esri Shapefile文件格式提供读写支持。Shapefile格式是由Esri创建的一种流行的地理信息系统矢量数据格式。Shapefile文件用于描述几何体对象：点，折线与多边形。
  Shapefile文件指的是一种文件存储的方法，实际上该种文件格式是由多个文件组成的。其中，要组成一个Shapefile，有三个文件是必不可少的，它们分别是".shp", ".shx"与 ".dbf"文件。表示同一数据的一组文件其文件名前缀应该相同。例如，存储一个关于湖的几何与属性数据，就必须有lake.shp，lake.shx与lake.dbf三个文件。而其中“真正”的Shapefile的后缀为shp，然而仅有这个文件数据是不完整的，必须要把其他两个附带上才能构成一组完整的地理数据。除了这三个必须的文件以外，还有八个可选的文件，使用它们可以增强空间数据的表达能力。所有的文件名都必须遵循MS DOS的8.3文件名标准（文件前缀名8个字符，后缀名3个字符，如shapefil.shp），以方便与一些老的应用程序保持兼容性，尽管现在许多新的程序都能够支持长文件名。此外，所有的文件都必须位于同一个目录之中。

pyshp github地址：https://github.com/GeospatialPython/pyshp
pyshp官方文档主页：https://pypi.org/project/pyshp/

from ctypes import pointer
import shapefile

# Shape types are represented by numbers between 0 and 31 as defined 
# by the shapefile specification and listed below. 
# It is important to note that the numbering system has several reserved numbers 
# that have not been used yet, 
# therefore the numbers of the existing shape types are not sequential:
#     NULL = 0
#     POINT = 1
#     POLYLINE = 3
#     POLYGON = 5
#     MULTIPOINT = 8
#     POINTZ = 11
#     POLYLINEZ = 13
#     POLYGONZ = 15
#     MULTIPOINTZ = 18
#     POINTM = 21
#     POLYLINEM = 23
#     POLYGONM = 25
#     MULTIPOINTM = 28
#     MULTIPATCH = 31


# The field names of a shapefile are available as soon as you read a shapefile. 
# You can call the "fields" attribute of the shapefile as a Python list. 
# Each field is a Python list with the following information:
#     Field name: the name describing the data at this column index.
#     Field type: the type of data at this column index. Types can be:
#         "C": Characters, text.
#         "N": Numbers, with or without decimals.
#         "F": Floats (same as "N").
#         "L": Logical, for boolean True/False values.
#         "D": Dates.
#         "M": Memo, has no meaning within a GIS and is part of the xbase spec instead.
#     Field length: the length of the data found at this column index. 
#         Older GIS software may truncate this length to 8 or 11 characters for "Character" fields.
#     Decimal length: the number of decimal places found in "Number" fields.


def write_points_shp(file_dir, points):
    point_w = shapefile.Writer(file_dir, shapefile.POINT)
    point_w.autoBalance = True

    # point: 0: x
    #        1: y
    #        2: z
    #        3: id
    #        4: name
    #        5: class
    point_w.field('IMAGE_ID', 'N')
    point_w.field('IMAGE_NAME', 'C')
    point_w.field('CLASS', 'N')    # point belong to which class
    for ptid, point in points.items():
        point_w.point(point[0], point[1])
        point_w.record(IMAGE_ID=ptid, IMAGE_NAME=point[4], CLASS=point[5])

    point_w.close()

def write_lines_shp(file_dir, lines):
    line_w = shapefile.Writer(file_dir, shapeType=shapefile.POLYLINE)
    line_w.autoBalance = True
    
    # line: 0: point1 []
    #       1: point2 []
    #       2: point1_id
    #       3: point2_id
    #       4: id
    #       5: class, 0 stands for inter_line
    line_w.field('LINE_ID', 'N')
    line_w.field('CLASS', 'N')
    for liid, line in lines.items():
        line_w.line([line[0], line[1]])
        line_w.record(LINE_ID=line[4], CLASS=line[5])
    
    line_w.close()