unity3d人工智能学习（1）——操控行为的实现（靠近）

描述

1. 注意操控行为是用算法控制游戏体从而实现自主运动的，执行过程用户不得加以干预和控制。
2. 用Unity创建一个简单的游戏场景，导入游戏角色，编写游戏脚本实现其中一个操控行为案例。

实现过程

普通操作

操作

1. 建立一个简单的场景。首先创建一个平面（plane），设定一个目标点（cube），添加一个简单胶囊体作为AI角色（AI）。
   

2. 项目添加Steering脚本、Vehicle脚本。
   Steering脚本

using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

public abstract class Steering : MonoBehaviour {
	public float weight = 1;
	void Start () {
	}

	void Update () {
	}

	public virtual Vector3 Force()
	{
		return new Vector3(0,0,0);
	}
}

Vehicle脚本

using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
//using System.Collections.Generic;

public class Vehicle : MonoBehaviour {
	private Steering[] steerings;
	public float maxSpeed = 10;
	public float maxForce = 100;
	protected float sqrMaxSpeed;
	public float mass = 1;
	public Vector3 velocity;
	public float damping = 0.9f;
	public float computeInterval = 0.2f;
	public bool isPlanar = true;

	private Vector3 steeringForce;
	protected Vector3 acceleration;
	//private CharacterController controller;
	//private Rigidbody theRigidbody;
	//private Vector3 moveDistance;
	private float timer;
	protected void Start () 
	{
		steeringForce = new Vector3(0,0,0);
		sqrMaxSpeed = maxSpeed * maxSpeed;
		//moveDistance = new Vector3(0,0,0);
		timer = 0;
		steerings = GetComponents<Steering>();
		//controller = GetComponent<CharacterController>();
		//theRigidbody = GetComponent<Rigidbody>();
	}

	void Update () 
	{
		timer += Time.deltaTime;
		steeringForce = new Vector3(0,0,0);  

		//ticked part, we will not compute force every frame
		if (timer > computeInterval)
		{
			foreach (Steering s in steerings)
			{
				if (s.enabled)
					steeringForce += s.Force()*s.weight;
			}

			steeringForce = Vector3.ClampMagnitude(steeringForce,maxForce);
			acceleration = steeringForce / mass;

			timer = 0;
		}

	}

	/*
	void FixedUpdate()
	{
		velocity += acceleration * Time.fixedDeltaTime; 
		
		if (velocity.sqrMagnitude > sqrMaxSpeed)
			velocity = velocity.normalized * maxSpeed;
		
		moveDistance = velocity * Time.fixedDeltaTime;
		
		if (isPlanar)
			moveDistance.y = 0;
		
		if (controller != null)
			controller.SimpleMove(velocity);
		else if (theRigidbody == null || theRigidbody.isKinematic)
			transform.position += moveDistance;
		else
			theRigidbody.MovePosition(theRigidbody.position + moveDistance);		
		
		//updata facing direction
		if (velocity.sqrMagnitude > 0.00001)
		{
			Vector3 newForward = Vector3.Slerp(transform.forward, velocity, damping * Time.deltaTime);
			newForward.y = 0;
			transform.forward = newForward;
		}
	}*/
}

3. 为AI角色添加character controller组件、AILocomotion脚本、SteeringForSeek脚本。
   AILocomotion脚本
   控制AI角色移动

using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

public class AILocomotion : Vehicle 
{
	private CharacterController controller;
	private Rigidbody theRigidbody;
	private Vector3 moveDistance;
	public bool displayTrack;

	// Use this for initialization
	void Start () 
	{
		controller = GetComponent<CharacterController>();
		theRigidbody = GetComponent<Rigidbody>();
		moveDistance = new Vector3(0,0,0);
		base.Start();
	}
	
	void FixedUpdate()
	{
		velocity += acceleration * Time.fixedDeltaTime; 

		if (velocity.sqrMagnitude > sqrMaxSpeed)
			velocity = velocity.normalized * maxSpeed;
		moveDistance = velocity * Time.fixedDeltaTime;
	
		if (isPlanar)
		{
			velocity.y = 0;
			moveDistance.y = 0;
		}

		if (displayTrack)
			//Debug.DrawLine(transform.position, transform.position + moveDistance, Color.red,30.0f);
			Debug.DrawLine(transform.position, transform.position + moveDistance, Color.black, 30.0f);
		
		if (controller != null)
		{
			//if (displayTrack)
				//Debug.DrawLine(transform.position, transform.position + moveDistance, Color.blue,20.0f);
			controller.SimpleMove(velocity);

		}
		else if (theRigidbody == null || theRigidbody.isKinematic)
		{
			transform.position += moveDistance;
		}
		else
		{
			theRigidbody.MovePosition(theRigidbody.position + moveDistance);		
		}	
		//updata facing direction
		if (velocity.sqrMagnitude > 0.00001)
		{
			Vector3 newForward = Vector3.Slerp(transform.forward, velocity, damping * Time.deltaTime);
			if (isPlanar)
				newForward.y = 0;
			transform.forward = newForward;
		}
		//gameObject.animation.Play("walk");
	}
}

SteeringForSeek脚本

public class SteeringForSeek : Steering {
	
	public GameObject target;
	private Vector3 desiredVelocity;
	private Vehicle m_vehicle;
	private float maxSpeed;
	private bool isPlanar;
	
	void Start () {
		m_vehicle = GetComponent<Vehicle>();
		maxSpeed = m_vehicle.maxSpeed;
		isPlanar = m_vehicle.isPlanar;
	}
	
	public override Vector3 Force()
	{
		desiredVelocity = (target.transform.position - transform.position).normalized * maxSpeed;
		if (isPlanar)
			desiredVelocity.y = 0;
		return (desiredVelocity - m_vehicle.velocity);
	}
}

结果

AI角色跟随cube移动。在cube不动的情况下，AI角色围绕cube运动。

进阶操作

简要描述

1. 给cube和AI角色添加刚体。
2. 控制cube行动。做出类似宠物跟随系统。

过程及其结果

1. 给cube和AI角色添加刚体。
   
2. 控制cube行动。做出类似宠物跟随系统。
   cube添加PlayerControl脚本

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class PlayerControl : MonoBehaviour 
{
	private Rigidbody my_rigidbody;
	private Transform my_transform;   
    // Use this for initialization
	void Start () 
    {
        my_rigidbody=gameObject.GetComponent<Rigidbody> ();
		my_transform=gameObject.GetComponent<Transform> ();		
	}
	
    void FixedUpdate () 
	{
		if (Input.GetKey (KeyCode.W))			
            my_rigidbody.velocity = new Vector3(0, 0, 1);

		if (Input.GetKey (KeyCode.S))
            my_rigidbody.velocity = new Vector3(0, 0, -1);

		if (Input.GetKey (KeyCode.A))
            my_rigidbody.velocity = new Vector3(-1, 0, 0);

		if (Input.GetKey (KeyCode.D))
            my_rigidbody.velocity = new Vector3(1, 0, 0);
	}
}

运行结果

cube移动的同时，AI跟随cube移动。