【UE5随笔】04_相机的创建和控制

1. 初始化相机

1.1 创建组件

• 在 AMyGameMode 设置的 APawn 中，创建相机：

UCLASS()
class TESTPROJECT01_API AMyPawn : public APawn
{
	GENERATED_BODY()

public:
	// Sets default values for this pawn's properties
	AMyPawn();

protected:
	// Called when the game starts or when spawned
	virtual void BeginPlay() override;

public:	
	// Called every frame
	virtual void Tick(float DeltaTime) override;

	// Called to bind functionality to input
	virtual void SetupPlayerInputComponent(class UInputComponent* PlayerInputComponent) override;

	UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere, BlueprintReadOnly, Category = "MySceneComponent")
	USceneComponent* m_pRootScene;

	UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere, BlueprintReadOnly, Category = "MySceneComponent")
	USpringArmComponent* m_pSpringArm;

	UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere, BlueprintReadOnly, Category = "MySceneComponent")
	UCameraComponent* m_pCamera;
};

1.2 初始化组件

AMyPawn::AMyPawn()
{
 	// Set this pawn to call Tick() every frame.  You can turn this off to improve performance if you don't need it.
	PrimaryActorTick.bCanEverTick = true;

	// create
	this->m_pRootScene = CreateDefaultSubobject<USceneComponent>(TEXT("MyRootScene"));
	this->m_pSpringArm = CreateDefaultSubobject<USpringArmComponent>(TEXT("MySpringArm"));
	this->m_pCamera = CreateDefaultSubobject<UCameraComponent>(TEXT("MyCamera"));

	// setting
	RootComponent = this->m_pRootScene;
	this->m_pSpringArm->SetupAttachment(this->m_pRootScene);
	this->m_pCamera->SetupAttachment(this->m_pSpringArm);

	// 关闭碰撞检测
	this->m_pSpringArm->bDoCollisionTest = false;
}

Tips： 这里相机的父类必须设置为机械臂，否则后续无法使用控制器修改相机的位姿。

1.3 设置初始位置

// Called when the game starts or when spawned
void AMyPawn::BeginPlay()
{
	Super::BeginPlay();
	
	FVector initLoc = FVector(0.0, 0.0, 100.0);
	FRotator initRot = FRotator(-50.0, 0.0, 0.0);
	FVector initScale = FVector(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);

	SetActorLocation(initLoc);
	SetActorRotation(initRot);
	SetActorScale3D(initScale);
}

2. 给相机绑定事件

2.1 实现控制Pawn的函数

/// <summary>
/// 鼠标滑轮移动镜头缩放
/// </summary>
/// <param name="fZoomSpeed">移动速率，正方向朝far。</param>
void ChangeArmLength(double fZoomSpeed);

static double ClampArmLength(double value, double lVal, double rVal) 
{
	double res = value < lVal ? lVal : value;
	res = res > rVal ? rVal : res;

	return res;
}

void AMyPawn::ChangeArmLength(double fZoomSpeed)
{
	double dNear = 300.0;
	double dFar = 5000.0;

	this->m_pSpringArm->TargetArmLength += fZoomSpeed;

	// 限制距离
	this->m_pSpringArm->TargetArmLength = ClampArmLength(this->m_pSpringArm->TargetArmLength, dNear, dFar);

	GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 5.0f, FColor::Red, FString::Printf(TEXT("argetArmLength: %f"), this->m_pSpringArm->TargetArmLength));
}

2.2 创建事件映射

2.3 绑定事件

• 头文件：

#pragma once

#include "CoreMinimal.h"
#include "GameFramework/PlayerController.h"
#include "MyPlayerController.generated.h"

UCLASS()
class TESTPROJECT01_API AMyPlayerController : public APlayerController
{
	GENERATED_BODY()
	
public:

	virtual void SetupInputComponent();

	void PressKeyQ();

	void PressKeyE();

};

• 将事件与控制器中的两个回调函数进行绑定：

#include "MyPawn.h"
#include "MyPlayerController.h"

void AMyPlayerController::SetupInputComponent()
{
    // 必须
    Super::SetupInputComponent();

    InputComponent->BindAction("KEY_Q", IE_Repeat, this, &AMyPlayerController::PressKeyQ);
    InputComponent->BindAction("KEY_E", IE_Repeat, this, &AMyPlayerController::PressKeyE);

}

输入事件类型	含 义
EInputEvent::IE_Pressed	这个事件发生于输入（如按键或按钮）被按下的时刻。
IEInputEvent::E_Released	这个事件发生于输入被释放的时刻。通常是指用户松开了按键或按钮。
EInputEvent::IE_Repeat	当输入（如键盘按键）被长按并重复触发时，会发生此事件。这类似于在文本编辑器中长按键盘按键时，字符会连续输入。
EInputEvent::IE_DoubleClick	当输入设备（如鼠标）快速连续点击两次时触发的事件。
EInputEvent::IE_Axis	这个事件与模拟输入或轴输入有关，例如游戏手柄的摇杆或鼠标移动。
EInputEvent::IE_MAX	这通常用作枚举的边界标识，表示枚举值的数量，不用于表示实际的输入事件。

• 实现回调函数：

void AMyPlayerController::PressKeyQ()
{
    if (GetPawn()) 
    {
        AMyPawn* pCameraPawn = Cast<AMyPawn>(GetPawn());

        if (pCameraPawn) 
        {
            pCameraPawn->ChangeArmLength(10);
        }
    }
}

void AMyPlayerController::PressKeyE()
{
    if (GetPawn())
    {
        AMyPawn* pCameraPawn = Cast<AMyPawn>(GetPawn());

        if (pCameraPawn)
        {
            pCameraPawn->ChangeArmLength(-10);
        }
    }
}