Markdowm常用公式及相关符号笔记


1. 带帽符号

语法效果语法效果
\hat{x} x ^ \hat{x} x^\check{x} x ˇ \check{x} xˇ
\dot{x} x ˙ \dot{x} x˙\ddot{x} x ¨ \ddot{x} x¨
\tidle{x} x ~ \tilde{x} x~\bar{x} x ˉ \bar{x} xˉ
\vec{x} x ⃗ \vec{x} x \breve{x} x ˘ \breve{x} x˘
\acute{x} x ˊ \acute{x} xˊgrave{x} x ˋ \grave{x} xˋ
\x^{\prime}x' x ′ x^{\prime} x\underset{x}{\overset{}{\max}} max ⁡ x \underset{x}{\overset{}{\max}} xmax
\overline{a + b} a + b ‾ \overline{a + b} a+b\underline{a + b} a + b ‾ \underline{a + b} a+b
\overbrace{a + b} a + b ⏞ \overbrace{a + b} a+b \underbrace{a + b} a + b ⏟ \underbrace{a + b} a+b
\overbrace{a + b}^{1.0} a + b ⏞ 1.0 \overbrace{a + b}^{1.0} a+b 1.0\underbrace{a + b}_{1.0} a + b ⏟ 1.0 \underbrace{a + b}_{1.0} 1.0 a+b
\overrightarrow{abc} a b c → \overrightarrow{abc} abc \underrightarrow{abc} a b c → \underrightarrow{abc} abc

2. 希腊字母

序号中文名语法大写语法小写语法异体
1阿尔法\Alpha A \Alpha A\alpha α \alpha α
2贝塔\Beta B \Beta B\beta β \beta β
3伽马\Gamma Γ \Gamma Γ\gamma γ \gamma γ
4德尔塔\Delta Δ \Delta Δ\delta δ \delta δ
5伊普西隆\Epsilon E \Epsilon E\epsilon ϵ \epsilon ϵ\varepsilon ε \varepsilon ε
6泽塔\Zeta Z \Zeta Z\zeta ζ \zeta ζ
7伊塔\Eta H \Eta H\eta η \eta η
8西塔\Theta Θ \Theta Θ\theta θ \theta θ\vartheta ϑ \vartheta ϑ
9约塔\Iota I \Iota I\iota ι \iota ι
10卡帕\Kappa K \Kappa K\kappa κ \kappa κ\varkappa ϰ \varkappa ϰ
11兰姆达\Lambda Λ \Lambda Λ\lambda λ \lambda λ
12\Mu M \Mu M\mu μ \mu μ
13\Nu N \Nu N\nu ν \nu ν
14克西\Xi Ξ \Xi Ξ\xi ξ \xi ξ
15欧米克隆\Omicron O \Omicron O\omicron ο \omicron ο
16\Pi Π \Pi Π\pi π \pi π\varpi ϖ \varpi ϖ
17\Rho P \Rho P\rho ρ \rho ρ\varrho ϱ \varrho ϱ
18西格玛\Sigma Σ \Sigma Σ\sigma σ \sigma σ\varsigma ς \varsigma ς
19\Tau T \Tau T\tau τ \tau τ
20宇普西隆\Upsilon Υ \Upsilon Υ\upsilon υ \upsilon υ
21弗爱\Phi Φ \Phi Φ\phi ϕ \phi ϕ\varphi φ \varphi φ
22\Chi X \Chi X\chi χ \chi χ
23普赛\Psi Ψ \Psi Ψ\psi ψ \psi ψ
24欧米伽\Omega Ω \Omega Ω\omega ω \omega ω

3. 常用字体

字体名字语法大写字母效果小写字母效果阿拉伯数字效果
罗马体\mathrm{abc} A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z \mathrm{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ} ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z \mathrm{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz} abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 0123456789 \mathrm{0123456789} 0123456789
黑体\mathbf{abc} A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z \mathbf{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ} ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z \mathbf{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz} abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 0123456789 \mathbf{0123456789} 0123456789
粗体\boldsymbol{abc} A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z \boldsymbol{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ} ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z \boldsymbol{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz} abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 0123456789 \boldsymbol{0123456789} 0123456789
黑板粗字体\mathbb{abc} A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z \mathbb{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ} ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z \mathbb{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz} abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 0123456789 \mathbb{0123456789} 0123456789
花体字\mathcal{abc} A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z \mathcal{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ} ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z \mathcal{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz} abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 0123456789 \mathcal{0123456789} 0123456789
意大利体\mathit{abc} A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z \mathit{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ} ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z \mathit{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz} abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 0123456789 \mathit{0123456789} 0123456789
剧本体\mathscr{abc} A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z \mathscr{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ} ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z \mathscr{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz} abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 0123456789 \mathscr{0123456789} 0123456789
等线体\sf{abc} A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z \sf{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ} ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z \sf{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz} abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 0123456789 \sf{0123456789} 0123456789
打字机字体\tt{abc} A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z \tt{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ} ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z \tt{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz} abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 0123456789 \tt{0123456789} 0123456789

4. 逻辑运算符号

4.1 逻辑推理

语法效果描述语法效果描述
\because ∵ \because 因为\therefore ∴ \therefore 所以
\forall ∀ \forall 任意\exisists ∃ \exists 存在
\vee ∨ \vee 逻辑与\wedge ∧ \wedge 逻辑或
\lnot 或者 \neg ¬ \lnot ¬逻辑非\bar{q} \to p q ˉ → p \bar{q} \to p qˉp q ˉ \bar{q} qˉ 指向 p p p

4.2 二元运算符

语法效果语法效果语法效果语法效果
\pm ± \pm ±\mp ∓ \mp \times × \times ×\div ÷ \div ÷
\cdot ⋅ \cdot \odot ⊙ \odot \otimes ⊗ \otimes \oplus ⊕ \oplus
\bullet ∙ \bullet \bigodot ⨀ \bigodot \bigotimes ⨂ \bigotimes \bigoplus ⨁ \bigoplus
\< 或 \lt < \lt <\> 或 \gt > \gt >\leq ≤ \leq \ge ≥ \ge
\ll ≪ \ll \gg ≫ \gg \leqq ≦ \leqq \geqq ≧ \geqq
\lll ⋘ \lll \ggg ⋙ \ggg \mid ∣ \mid \nmid ∤ \nmid
= = = =\neq ≠ \neq =\equiv ≡ \equiv \dot= = ˙ \dot= =˙
\sim ∼ \sim \approx ≈ \approx \simeq ≃ \simeq \cong ≅ \cong
\sum ∑ \sum \prod ∏ \prod \coprod ∐ \coprod \propto ∝ \propto

4.3 几何运算符

语法效果语法效果语法效果语法效果
\ast ∗ \ast \star ⋆ \star \circ ∘ \circ \bigcirc ◯ \bigcirc
\diamond ⋄ \diamond \Diamond ◊ \Diamond \ominus ⊖ \ominus \oslash ⊘ \oslash
\triangle △ \triangle \bigtriangleup △ \bigtriangleup \bigtriangledown ▽ \bigtriangledown \amalg ⨿ \amalg ⨿
\rtiangleleft ◃ \triangleleft \triangleright ▹ \triangleright \dagger † \dagger \ddagger ‡ \ddagger
\lhd ⊲ \lhd \rhd ⊳ \rhd \unlhd ⊴ \unlhd \unrhd ⊵ \unrhd

4.4 省略号

语法效果语法效果
\dots\ldots … \dots \cdots ⋯ \cdots
\vdots ⋮ \vdots \ddots ⋱ \ddots

5. 函数公式等

语法效果语法效果语法效果
\frac{a}{b} a b \frac{a}{b} ba\sqrt{a + b} a + b \sqrt{a + b} a+b \sqrt[n]{a + b} a + b n \sqrt[n]{a + b} na+b
\ln{a + b} ln ⁡ a + b \ln{a + b} lna+b\log_{a}^{b} log ⁡ a b \log_{a}^{b} logab\lg{a + b} lg ⁡ a + b \lg{a + b} lga+b
\lim_{n \rightarrow +\infty} n lim ⁡ n → + ∞ n \lim_{n \rightarrow +\infty} n limn+n\rightarrow → \rightarrow \infty ∞ \infty
\sin sin ⁡ \sin sin\cos cos ⁡ \cos cos\tan tan ⁡ \tan tan
\cot cot ⁡ \cot cot\sec sec ⁡ \sec sec\csc csc ⁡ \csc csc
40^ \circ 4 0 ∘ 40^ \circ 40\bot ⊥ \bot \angle ∠ \angle

6. 微分/积分/累加/累乘

语法效果语法效果语法效果语法效果语法效果
\nabla ∇ \nabla \partial ∂ \partial \mathrm{d}x d x \mathrm{d}x dx\dot{x} x ˙ \dot{x} x˙\ddot{x} x ¨ \ddot{x} x¨
\int ∫ \int \iint ∬ \iint \iiint ∭ \iiint \oint ∮ \oint \int_0^x ∫ 0 x \int_0^x 0x
\sum ∑ \sum \sum_{i=0}^{n} ∑ i = 0 n \sum_{i=0}^{n} i=0n
\prod ∏ \prod \prod_{i=0}^{n} ∏ i = 0 n \prod_{i=0}^{n} i=0n

7. 括号

语法效果语法效果语法效果语法效果语法效果
(x) ( x ) (x) (x)\lvert x \rvert ∣ x ∣ \lvert x \rvert x\lVert x \rVert ∥ x ∥ \lVert x \rVert x\lang x \rang ⟨ x ⟩ \lang x \rang x\{ x \} { x } \{ x \} {x}
(x) ( x ) (x) (x)\big( x \big) ( x ) \big( x \big) (x)\Big( x \Big) ( x ) \Big( x \Big) (x)\bigg( x \bigg) ( x ) \bigg( x \bigg) (x)\Bigg( x \Bigg) ( x ) \Bigg( x \Bigg) (x)

8. 集合相关符号

语法效果语法效果语法效果语法效果语法效果
\forall ∀ \forall \exists ∃ \exists \emptyse ∅ \emptyset \varnothing ∅ \varnothing \not \subset ⊄ \not \subset
\in ∈ \in \ni ∋ \ni \not \in ∉ \not \in \notin ∉ \notin /\subset ⊂ \subset
\subseteq ⊆ \subseteq \supset ⊃ \supset \supseteq ⊇ \supseteq \cap ∩ \cap \bigcap ⋂ \bigcap
\cup ∪ \cup \bigcup ⋃ \bigcup \biguplus ⨄ \biguplus \sqsubset ⊏ \sqsubset \sqsubseteq ⊑ \sqsubseteq
\sqsupset ⊐ \sqsupset \sqsupseteq ⊒ \sqsupseteq \sqcap ⊓ \sqcap \sqcup ⊔ \sqcup \bigsqcup ⨆ \bigsqcup

9. 箭头符号

语法效果语法效果
\leftarrow\gets ← \leftarrow \rightarrow 或 \to → \rightarrow
\longleftarrow ⟵ \longleftarrow \longrightarrow ⟶ \longrightarrow
\leftrightarrow ↔ \leftrightarrow
\leftharpoonup ↼ \leftharpoonup \rightharpoonup ⇀ \rightharpoonup
\leftharpoondown ↽ \leftharpoondown \rightharpoondown ⇁ \rightharpoondown
\rightleftharpoons ⇌ \rightleftharpoons \leadsto ⇝ \leadsto
\Leftarrow ⇐ \Leftarrow \Rightarrow ⇒ \Rightarrow
\Longleftarrow ⟸ \Longleftarrow \Longrightarrow ⟹ \Longrightarrow
\Leftrightarrow ⇔ \Leftrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow\iff ⟺ \Longleftrightarrow
\hookleftarrow ↩ \hookleftarrow \hookrightarrow ↪ \hookrightarrow
\uparrow ↑ \uparrow \downarrow ↓ \downarrow
\updownarrow ↕ \updownarrow
\upharpoonleft ↿ \upharpoonleft \downharpoonleft ⇃ \downharpoonleft
\upharpoonrigh ↾ \upharpoonright \downharpoonright ⇂ \downharpoonright
\Uparrow ⇑ \Uparrow \Downarrow ⇓ \Downarrow
\Updownarrow ⇕ \Updownarrow
\searrow ↘ \searrow \swarrow ↙ \swarrow
\nearrow ↗ \nearrow \nwarrow ↖ \nwarrow
\mapsto ↦ \mapsto \longmapsto ⟼ \longmapsto

10. 字体颜色

  • 字体颜色︰{\color{色调}表达式}
  • 背景颜色︰{\pagecolor{色调}表达式}
    注:输入时颜色第一个字母必需以大写输入
  • eg:
    \${\color{Blue}x^2}+{\color{Brown}2x} -{\color{OliveGreen}1}\$
    x 2 + 2 x − 1 {\color{Blue}x^2}+{\color{Brown}2x} -{\color{OliveGreen}1} x2+2x1
    \$x_{\color{Red}{1,2}}=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{{\color{Red}{b^2-4ac}}}}{2a}\$
    x 1 , 2 = − b ± b 2 − 4 a c 2 a x_{\color{Red}{1,2}}=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{{\color{Red}{b^2-4ac}}}}{2a} x1,2=2ab±b24ac
色调表(Colors supported)
\color{Red}{Red} R e d \color{Red}{Red} Red\color{Tan}{Tan} T a n \color{Tan}{Tan} Tan\color{Plum}{Plum} P l u m \color{Plum}{Plum} Plum
\color{Blue}{Blue} B l u e \color{Blue}{Blue} Blue\color{Cyan}{Cyan} C y a n \color{Cyan}{Cyan} Cyan\color{Gray}{Gray} G r a y \color{Gray}{Gray} Gray
\color{LimeGreen}{LimeGreen} L i m e G r e e n \color{LimeGreen}{LimeGreen} LimeGreen\color{Orange}{Orange} O r a n g e \color{Orange}{Orange} Orange\color{OrangeRed}{OrangeRed} O r a n g e R e d \color{OrangeRed}{OrangeRed} OrangeRed
\color{CornflowerBlue}{CornflowerBlue} C o r n f l o w e r B l u e \color{CornflowerBlue}{CornflowerBlue} CornflowerBlue\color{SpringGreen}{SpringGreen} S p r i n g G r e e n \color{SpringGreen}{SpringGreen} SpringGreen\color{Magenta}{Magenta} M a g e n t a \color{Magenta}{Magenta} Magenta
\color{Yellow}{Yellow} Y e l l o w \color{Yellow}{Yellow} Yellow\color{GreenYellow}{GreenYellow} G r e e n Y e l l o w \color{GreenYellow}{GreenYellow} GreenYellow\color{Salmon}{Salmon} S a l m o n \color{Salmon}{Salmon} Salmon

11. 公式排版

11.1 分支公式

$$
y=
\begin{cases}
-x,\quad x \leq 0 \\
x, \quad x > 0
\end{cases}
\tag{1}
$$
  • \quad:空格

y = { − x , x ≤ 0 x , x > 0 (1) y= \begin{cases} -x,\quad x\leq 0 \\ x, \quad x>0 \end{cases} \tag{1} y={x,x0x,x>0(1)

11.2 公式对齐

$$
\begin{aligned}
    Ax + By + Cz + D &= 0 \\
    \frac{A}{D}x + \frac{B}{D}y + \frac{C}{D}z + 1 &= 0
\end{aligned}
\tag{1}
$$

A x + B y + C z + D = 0 A D x + B D y + C D z + 1 = 0 (1) \begin{aligned} Ax + By + Cz + D &= 0 \\ \frac{A}{D}x + \frac{B}{D}y + \frac{C}{D}z + 1 &= 0 \end{aligned} \tag{1} Ax+By+Cz+DDAx+DBy+DCz+1=0=0(1)

11.2 矩阵公式

11.2.1 不带括号:
$$
\begin{matrix}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
4 & 5 & 6 \\
7 & 8 & 9
\end{matrix}
\tag{1}
$$

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 (1) \begin{matrix} 1 & 2 & 3 \\ 4 & 5 & 6 \\ 7 & 8 & 9 \end{matrix} \tag{1} 147258369(1)

11.2.2 带括号:
$$\left(
\begin{matrix}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
4 & 5 & 6 \\
7 & 8 & 9
\end{matrix}
\right)
\tag{2}
$$

( 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ) (2) \left( \begin{matrix} 1 & 2 & 3 \\ 4 & 5 & 6 \\ 7 & 8 & 9 \end{matrix} \right) \tag{2} 147258369 (2)

11.2.3 带中括号:
$$\left[
\begin{matrix}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
4 & 5 & 6 \\
7 & 8 & 9
\end{matrix}
\right]
\tag{3}
$$

[ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ] (3) \left[ \begin{matrix} 1 & 2 & 3 \\ 4 & 5 & 6 \\ 7 & 8 & 9 \end{matrix} \right] \tag{3} 147258369 (3)

11.2.4 带大括号:
$$\left\{
\begin{matrix}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
4 & 5 & 6 \\
7 & 8 & 9
\end{matrix}
\right\}
\tag{4}
$$

{ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 } (4) \left\{ \begin{matrix} 1 & 2 & 3 \\ 4 & 5 & 6 \\ 7 & 8 & 9 \end{matrix} \right\} \tag{4} 147258369 (4)

11.2.5 带省略号:
$$
\left[
\begin{matrix}
a & b & \cdots & a \\
b & b & \cdots & b \\
\vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\
c & c & \cdots & c
\end{matrix}
\right]
\tag{5}
$$

[ a b ⋯ a b b ⋯ b ⋮ ⋮ ⋱ ⋮ c c ⋯ c ] (5) \left[ \begin{matrix} a & b & \cdots & a\\ b & b & \cdots & b\\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots\\ c & c & \cdots & c \end{matrix} \right] \tag{5} abcbbcabc (5)

11.2.6 带横线/竖线分割:
  • 横线用 \hline 分割
$$
\left[
\begin{array}{c|cc}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
4 & 5 & 6 \\
7 & 8 & 9
\end{array}
\right]
\tag{6}
$$

[ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ] (6) \left[ \begin{array}{c|cc} 1 & 2 & 3 \\ 4 & 5 & 6 \\ 7 & 8 & 9 \end{array} \right] \tag{6} 147258369 (6)

$$
\left[
    \begin{array}{c|cc}
    1 & 2 & 3 \\ \hline
    4 & 5 & 6 \\
    7 & 8 & 9
    \end{array}
\right]
\tag{7}
$$

[ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ] (7) \left[ \begin{array}{c|cc} 1 & 2 & 3 \\ \hline 4 & 5 & 6 \\ 7 & 8 & 9 \end{array} \right] \tag{7} 147258369 (7)

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