题目
employee 表包含所有员工信息,每个员工有其对应的 Id, salary 和 department Id。
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| Id | Name | Salary | DepartmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| 1 | Joe | 70000 | 1 |
| 2 | Jim | 90000 | 1 |
| 3 | Henry | 80000 | 2 |
| 4 | Sam | 60000 | 2 |
| 5 | Max | 90000 | 1 |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
Department 表包含公司所有部门的信息。
+----+----------+
| Id | Name |
+----+----------+
| 1 | IT |
| 2 | Sales |
+----+----------+
编写一个 SQL 查询,找出每个部门工资最高的员工。
对于上述表,您的 SQL 查询应返回以下行(行的顺序无关紧要)。
+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT | Max | 90000 |
| IT | Jim | 90000 |
| Sales | Henry | 80000 |
+------------+----------+--------+
预备知识
①in 操作符允许我们在 WHERE 子句中规定多个值(多个值加括号即可)
-
IN 与 = ANY 等价,均表示,变量在(子查询)列表之中,即 a IN (table B) 表示 a = ANY B.b
-
IN 与 EXISTS 的性能区别主要来自,IN 会编列子查询的每行记录,然后再返回,而EXISTS 则只要遇到第一个满足条件的记录就马上返回。
②窗口函数
转载自:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/f34352G-3yk1qB_HjQh5Yg
③多表连接操作
-
交叉连接查询(基本不会使用,得到的是两个表的乘积)
select * from A,B;
-
内连接查询(使用的关键字 inner join – inner可以省略)
隐式内连接:select * from A,B where 条件;
显示内连接:select * from A inner join B on 条件;
-
外连接查询(使用的关键字 outer join – outer可以省略)
左外连接:left outer join
select * from A left outer join B on 条件;
右外连接:right outer join
select * from A right outer join B on 条件;
④子查询:一条select语句结果作为另一条select语法一部分(查询条件,查询结果,表等)。
select …查询字段 … from … 表… where … 查询条件
思路
### 方法一:子查询
- 因为 Employee 表包含 Salary 和 DepartmentId 字段,我们可以以此在部门内查询最高工资
SELECT
DepartmentId, MAX(Salary)
FROM
Employee
GROUP BY DepartmentId;
- 我们可以把表 Employee 和 Department 连接,再在这张临时表里用 IN 语句查询部门名字和工资的关系。
### 方法二:窗口函数
在Employee表中按照DepartmentId 分组聚合,按照Salary降序排列
可以拓展到查询任意排列顺序的记录
代码
select
d.Name as Department,
e.Name as Employee,
e.Salary
from
Employee e,Department d
where
e.DepartmentId=d.id
and
(e.Salary,e.DepartmentId)
in
(select max(Salary),DepartmentId
from Employee
group by DepartmentId);
SELECT S.NAME as DEPARTMENT, S.EMPLOYEE, S.SALARY
FROM (SELECT D.NAME,T.NAME EMPLOYEE,T.SALARY,
dense_rank() OVER(PARTITION BY T.DepartmentId
ORDER BY T.Salary DESC) as RN
FROM EMPLOYEE T
JOIN DEPARTMENT D
ON T.DEPARTMENTID = D.ID) as S
WHERE S.RN = 1
来源:力扣(LeetCode)
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/department-highest-salary