数据结构与算法——贪心算法汇总整理

例1:分糖果(easy)(排序、贪心)

class Solution {
public:
    int findContentChildren(vector<int>& g, vector<int>& s) {
        std::sort(g.begin(),g.end());
        std::sort(s.begin(),s.end());
        int child=0;//记录孩子数
        int cookie=0;//记录饼干数
        while(child<g.size() && cookie<s.size()){
            if(g[child]<=s[cookie]){
                child++;
            }
            cookie++;
        }
        return child;
    }
};

例2:摇摆序列(medium)(贪心)

class Solution {
public:
    int wiggleMaxLength(vector<int>& nums) {    
        if(nums.size()<2){
            return nums.size();
        }
        //状态量
        static const int BEGIN=0;
        static const int UP=1;
        static const int DOWN=2;
        //初始状态
        int STATE=BEGIN;
        int max_length=1;//至少为1
        for (int i=1;i<nums.size();i++){
            switch(STATE){
                case BEGIN:
                    if (nums[i]>nums[i-1]){
                        STATE=UP;
                        max_length++;
                    }
                    else if(nums[i-1]>nums[i]){
                        STATE=DOWN;
                        max_length++;
                    }
                    break;
                case UP:
                    if(nums[i]<nums[i-1]){
                        STATE=DOWN;
                        max_length++;
                    }
                    break;
                case DOWN:
                    if(nums[i]>nums[i-1]){
                        STATE=UP;
                        max_length++;
                    }
                    break;
            }
        }
        return max_length;
    }
};

例3:移除K个数字(medium)(栈、贪心)

class Solution {
public:
    string removeKdigits(string num, int k) {
        std::vector<int>S;
        std::string result="";
        for (int i=0;i<num.size();i++){
            int number=num[i]-'0';
            while(S.size() !=0 && k>0 &&S[S.size()-1]>number){
                S.pop_back();
                k--;
            }
            if (number !=0 || S.size()!=0){
                S.push_back(number);
            }
        }
        while(S.size()!=0 && k>0){
            S.pop_back();
            k--;
        }
        for (int i=0;i<S.size();i++){
            result.append(1,'0'+S[i]);
        }
        if(result==""){
            result='0';
        }
        return result;
    }
};

例4-a:跳跃游戏(medium)(贪心)

class Solution {
public:
    bool canJump(vector<int>& nums) {
        std::vector<int> index;//记录最远可跳至的位置
        for (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); i++) {
            index.push_back(i + nums[i]);//计算每个位置可以到达的最大距离
        }
        int jump = 0;//初始跳到的位置
        int max_index = index[0];//初始跳的步数
        while (jump < nums.size() && jump <= max_index) {//在可达情况下
            if (max_index < index[jump]) {//更新最大值
                max_index = index[jump];
            }
            jump++;//更新步数
        }
        if (jump == nums.size()) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
};

class Solution {
public:
    bool canJump(vector<int>& nums) {
        int step = 1;//至少所需步长
        for (int i = nums.size() - 2; i >= 0; i--)
        {
            if (nums[i] >= step)
            {
                step = 1;  //因为nums[i]满足到达终点所需步长，所以只需要nums[i-1]可以到达nums[i-1]即可，重置step=1
                continue;
            }
            else
            {
                step++;  //nums[i]不满足到达终点所需步长，所以所需步长+1
            }
        }
        if (step == 1) return true;
        else return false;
    }
};

class Solution :
    def canJump(self, nums) :
    	max_i = 0       #初始化当前能到达最远的位置
    	for i, jump in enumerate(nums) : #i为当前位置，jump是当前位置的跳数
        	if max_i >= i and i + jump > max_i:  #如果当前位置能到达，并且当前位置 + 跳数 > 最远位置
            	max_i = i + jump  #更新最远能到达位置
        return max_i >= i

例4-b:跳跃游戏2(hard)(贪心)

class Solution {
public:
    int jump(vector<int>& nums) {
        if (nums.size() < 2) {
            return 0;
        }
        int current_max_index = nums[0];
        int pre_max_index = nums[0];
        int jump_min = 1;
        for (int i = 1; i < nums.size(); i++) {
            if (i > current_max_index) {
                jump_min++;
                current_max_index = pre_max_index;
            }
            if (pre_max_index < i + nums[i]) {
                pre_max_index = i + nums[i];
            }
        }
        return jump_min;
    }
};

例5:射击气球(medium)(排序、贪心)

bool cmp(const vector<int>& a, const vector<int>& b) {
    return a[0] < b[0];
}
class Solution {
public:
    int findMinArrowShots(vector<vector<int>>& points) {
        if (points.size() == 0) {
            return 0;
        }
        //先将气球位置进行排序
        std::sort(points.begin(), points.end(), cmp);
        //记录弓箭手位置
        int shoot_num = 1;
        int shoot_begin = points[0][0]; //射击初始区间
        int shoot_end = points[0][1];
        for (int i = 1; i < points.size(); i++) {
            if (points[i][0] <= shoot_end) {
                shoot_begin = points[i][0]; //更新射击起始位置
                if (shoot_end > points[i][1]) {
                    shoot_end = points[i][1];
                }
            }
            else {
                shoot_num++;
                shoot_begin = points[i][0];
                shoot_end = points[i][1];
            }
        }
        return shoot_num;
    }

class Solution(object):
    def findMinArrowShots(self, points):
        """
        :type points: List[List[int]]
        :rtype: int
        """
        if not points:
            return 0
        points.sort()
        shoot_num=1
        shoot_begin=points[0][0]
        shoot_end = points[0][1]
        for i in range(1,len(points)):
            if points[i][0]<=shoot_end:
                shoot_begin=points[i][1];
                if shoot_end>points[i][1]:
                    shoot_end=points[i][1]
            else:
                shoot_num+=1
                shoot_begin=points[i][0]
                shoot_end=points[i][1]
        return shoot_num

例6:最优加油方法(hard)(堆、贪心)

bool cmp(const std::pair<int,int>& a, const std::pair<int,int>& b) {
    return a.first < b.first;
}

// L为起点到终点的距离，P为起点初始的汽油量    pair<加油站至终点的距离, 加油站汽油量>
int get_min_stop(int L, int P, std::vector<std::pair<int, int>>& stop) {
    std::priority_queue<int> Q;//存储油量最大堆
    int result = 0;//记录加油数
    stop.push_back(std::make_pair(0, 0));
    std::sort(stop.begin(), stop.end(), cmp);
    for (int i = 0; i < stop.size(); i++) {
        int dis = L - stop[i].first;
        //需要加油的情况
        while (!Q.empty() && P < dis) {
            P += Q.top();//加油（之前加油站最大油量的油，即最大堆堆顶）
            Q.pop();
            result++;
        }
        //加油站没油可加且到不了终点距离
        if (Q.empty() && P < dis) {
            return -1;
        }
        P = P - dis;
        L = stop[i].first;
        Q.push(stop[i].second);
    }
    return result;
}