CINTA学前作业二:归纳证明
标签(空格分隔): 作业
作业原文:
请用归纳法证明以下定理:
- 对任意的正整数n,$ 1^2 + 2^2 + 3^2… n^2 = \frac{n(2n+1)(n+1)}{6}$
最好可以用MD编辑,给一个链接。如果你愿意,也可以手写,拍个照片。这一题考的是概念,所以,证明格式显得很重要。
答:
证明:
- 当 n = 1 n = 1 n=1 时, 左 边 = 1 2 = 1 左边 = 1^2 = 1 左边=12=1, 右 边 = 1 × ( 2 × 1 + 1 ) × ( 1 + 1 ) 6 = 1 右边 = \frac{1\times(2\times1+1)\times(1+1)}{6}=1 右边=61×(2×1+1)×(1+1)=1, 左 边 = 右 边 左边=右边 左边=右边
∴ n = 1 \therefore n=1 ∴n=1时,原式成立
- 当 n = 2 n=2 n=2 时, 左 边 = 1 2 + 2 2 = 5 左边=1^2+2^2=5 左边=12+22=5, 右 边 = 2 × ( 2 × 2 + 1 ) ( 2 + 1 ) 6 = 5 右边= \frac{2\times(2\times2+1)(2+1)}{6} = 5 右边=62×(2×2+1)(2+1)=5, 左 边 = 右 边 左边=右边 左边=右边
∴ n = 2 \therefore n=2 ∴n=2时,原式成立
- 假设 n = k n=k n=k时, 1 2 + 2 2 + ⋯ + k 2 = k ( 2 k + 1 ) ( k + 1 ) 6 1^2+2^2+\dots+k^2= \frac{k(2k+1)(k+1)}{6} 12+22+⋯+k2=6k(2k+1)(k+1)成立
则 n = k + 1 n=k+1 n=k+1,时
左 边 左边 左边
= 1 2 + 2 2 + ⋯ + k 2 + ( k + 1 ) 2 = 1^2+2^2+\dots+k^2+(k+1)^2 =12+22+⋯+k2+(k+1)2
= k ( 2 k + 1 ) ( k + 1 ) 6 + ( k + 1 ) 2 = \frac{k(2k+1)(k+1)}{6} + (k+1)^2 =6k(2k+1)(k+1)+(k+1)2
= ( k + 1 ) ( 1 3 k 2 + 7 6 k + 1 ) = (k+1)(\frac{1}{3}k^2 + \frac{7}{6}k + 1) =(k+1)(31k2+67k+1)
= 1 6 ( k + 1 ) ( 2 k 2 + 7 k + 6 ) = \frac{1}{6} (k+1)(2k^2+7k+6) =61(k+1)(2k2+7k+6)
= 1 6 ( k + 1 ) ( 2 k + 3 ) ( k + 2 ) = \frac{1}{6} (k+1)(2k+3)(k+2) =61(k+1)(2k+3)(k+2)
= ( k + 1 ) [ 2 ( k + 1 ) + 1 ] [ ( k + 1 ) + 1 ] 6 = \frac{(k+1)[2(k+1) + 1][(k+1)+1]}{6} =6(k+1)[2(k+1)+1][(k+1)+1]
= 右 边 = 右边 =右边
∴ n = k + 1 \therefore n=k+1 ∴n=k+1 时,原式成立
∴ ∀ n ∈ N + : S n = 1 2 + 2 2 + 3 2 + ⋯ + n 2 = n ( 2 n + 1 ) ( n + 1 ) 6 \therefore \forall n \in \mathbf{N^{+}}: S_{n} = 1^2+2^2+3^2+\dots+n^2 = \frac{n(2n+1)(n+1)}{6} ∴∀n∈N+:Sn=12+22+32+⋯+n2=6n(2n+1)(n+1)
证毕