>- **🍨 本文为[🔗365天深度学习训练营](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Z9yL_wt7L8aPOr9Lqb1K3w) 中的学习记录博客**
>- **🍖 原作者:[K同学啊](https://mtyjkh.blog.csdn.net/)**
一、前期准备
1.设置GPU/CPU
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torchvision.transforms as transforms
import torchvision
from torchvision import transforms, datasets
import os,PIL,pathlib,random
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
device
device(type='cpu')
2.导入数据
data_dir = './weather_photos/'
data_dir = pathlib.Path(data_dir)
data_paths = list(data_dir.glob('*'))
classeNames = [str(path).split("/")[1] for path in data_paths]
classeNames
['cloudy', 'rain', 'shine', 'sunrise']
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from PIL import Image
## 指定图像文件夹路径
image_folder = './weather_photos/cloudy/'
## 获取文件夹中的所有图像文件
image_files = [f for f in os.listdir(image_folder) if f.endswith((".jpg", ".png", ".jpeg"))]
## 创建Matplotlib图像
fig, axes = plt.subplots(3, 8, figsize=(16, 6))
## 使用列表推导式加载和显示图像
for ax, img_file in zip(axes.flat, image_files):
img_path = os.path.join(image_folder, img_file)
img = Image.open(img_path)
ax.imshow(img)
ax.axis('off')
## 显示图像
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
total_datadir = './weather_photos/'
train_transforms = transforms.Compose([
transforms.Resize([224, 224]), ## 将输入图片resize成统一尺寸
transforms.ToTensor(), ## 将PIL Image或numpy.ndarray转换为tensor,并归一化到[0,1]之间
transforms.Normalize( ## 标准化处理-->转换为标准正态分布(高斯分布),使模型更容易收敛
mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406],
std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225]) ## 其中 mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406]与std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225]从数据集中随机抽样计算得到的。
])
total_data = datasets.ImageFolder(total_datadir, transform=train_transforms)
total_data
Dataset ImageFolder
Number of datapoints: 1125
Root location: ./weather_photos/
StandardTransform
Transform: Compose(
Resize(size=[224, 224], interpolation=bilinear, max_size=None, antialias=True)
ToTensor()
Normalize(mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])
)
3.划分数据集
● train_size表示训练集大小,通过将总体数据长度的80%转换为整数得到;
● test_size表示测试集大小,是总体数据长度减去训练集大小。
使用torch.utils.data.random_split()方法进行数据集划分。该方法将总体数据total_data按照指定的大小比例([train_size, test_size])随机划分为训练集和测试集,并将划分结果分别赋值给train_dataset和test_dataset两个变量。
train_size = int(0.8 * len(total_data))
test_size = len(total_data) - train_size
train_dataset, test_dataset = torch.utils.data.random_split(total_data, [train_size, test_size])
train_dataset, test_dataset
(<torch.utils.data.dataset.Subset at 0x1693c3850>,
<torch.utils.data.dataset.Subset at 0x1693c2dd0>)
train_size,test_size
(900, 225)
batch_size = 32
train_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_dataset,
batch_size=batch_size,
shuffle=True,
num_workers=1)
test_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(test_dataset,
batch_size=batch_size,
shuffle=True,
num_workers=1)
for X, y in test_dl:
print("Shape of X [N, C, H, W]: ", X.shape)
print("Shape of y: ", y.shape, y.dtype)
break
Shape of X [N, C, H, W]: torch.Size([32, 3, 224, 224])
Shape of y: torch.Size([32]) torch.int64
二、构建简单的CNN网络
import torch.nn.functional as F
class Network_bn(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(Network_bn, self).__init__()
self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=3, out_channels=12, kernel_size=5, stride=1, padding=0)
self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(12)
self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=12, out_channels=12, kernel_size=5, stride=1, padding=0)
self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(12)
self.pool1 = nn.MaxPool2d(2,2)
self.conv4 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=12, out_channels=24, kernel_size=5, stride=1, padding=0)
self.bn4 = nn.BatchNorm2d(24)
self.conv5 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=24, out_channels=24, kernel_size=5, stride=1, padding=0)
self.bn5 = nn.BatchNorm2d(24)
self.pool2 = nn.MaxPool2d(2,2)
self.fc1 = nn.Linear(24*50*50, len(classeNames))
def forward(self, x):
x = F.relu(self.bn1(self.conv1(x)))
x = F.relu(self.bn2(self.conv2(x)))
x = self.pool1(x)
x = F.relu(self.bn4(self.conv4(x)))
x = F.relu(self.bn5(self.conv5(x)))
x = self.pool2(x)
x = x.view(-1, 24*50*50)
x = self.fc1(x)
return x
device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
print("Using {} device".format(device))
model = Network_bn().to(device)
model
Using cpu device
Network_bn(
(conv1): Conv2d(3, 12, kernel_size=(5, 5), stride=(1, 1))
(bn1): BatchNorm2d(12, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(conv2): Conv2d(12, 12, kernel_size=(5, 5), stride=(1, 1))
(bn2): BatchNorm2d(12, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(pool1): MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)
(conv4): Conv2d(12, 24, kernel_size=(5, 5), stride=(1, 1))
(bn4): BatchNorm2d(24, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(conv5): Conv2d(24, 24, kernel_size=(5, 5), stride=(1, 1))
(bn5): BatchNorm2d(24, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(pool2): MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)
(fc1): Linear(in_features=60000, out_features=4, bias=True)
)
三、训练模型
1.设置超参数
loss_fn = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() ##创建损失函数
learn_rate = 1e-4 ## 学习率
opt = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(),lr=learn_rate) ##
2.编写训练函数
## 训练循环
def train(dataloader, model, loss_fn, optimizer):
size = len(dataloader.dataset) ## 训练集的大小,一共60000张图片
num_batches = len(dataloader) ## 批次数目, 1875(60000/32)
train_loss, train_acc = 0, 0. ## 初始化训练损失和正确率
for X, y in dataloader: ## 获取图片及其比标签
X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)
## 计算预测误差
pred = model(X) ## 网络输出
loss = loss_fn(pred, y) ## 计算网络输出和真实值之间的差距
## 反向传播
optimizer.zero_grad() ## grad属性归零
loss.backward() ## 反向传播
optimizer.step() ## 每一步自动更新
## 记录acc与loss
train_acc += (pred.argmax(1) == y).type(torch.float).sum().item()
train_loss += loss.item()
train_acc /= size
train_loss /= num_batches
return train_acc, train_loss
3.编写测试函数
def test (dataloader, model, loss_fn):
size = len(dataloader.dataset) ## 测试集大小一共10000张图片
num_batches = len(dataloader) ## 批次数目,313(10000/32=312.5,向上取整)
test_loss, test_acc = 0, 0
## 当不进行训练时,停止梯度更新,节省计算内存消耗
with torch.no_grad():
for imgs, target in dataloader:
imgs, target = imgs.to(device), target.to(device)
## 计算loss
target_pred = model(imgs)
loss = loss_fn(target_pred, target)
test_loss += loss.item()
test_acc += (target_pred.argmax(1) == target).type(torch.float).sum().item()
test_acc /= size
test_loss /= num_batches
return test_acc, test_loss
4.正式训练
epochs = 20
train_loss = []
train_acc = []
test_loss = []
test_acc = []
for epoch in range(epochs):
model.train()
epoch_train_acc, epoch_train_loss = train(train_dl, model, loss_fn, opt)
model.eval()
epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss = test(test_dl, model, loss_fn)
train_acc.append(epoch_train_acc)
train_loss.append(epoch_train_loss)
test_acc.append(epoch_test_acc)
test_loss.append(epoch_test_loss)
template = ('Epoch:{:2d}, Train_acc:{:.1f}%, Train_loss:{:.3f}, Test_acc:{:.1f}%, Test_loss:{:.3f}')
print(template.format(epoch+1, epoch_train_acc*100, epoch_train_loss, epoch_test_acc*100, epoch_test_loss))
print('Done')
Epoch: 1, Train_acc:58.1%, Train_loss:1.027, Test_acc:47.6%, Test_loss:1.119
Epoch: 2, Train_acc:77.8%, Train_loss:0.667, Test_acc:82.2%, Test_loss:0.634
Epoch: 3, Train_acc:83.7%, Train_loss:0.567, Test_acc:83.6%, Test_loss:0.529
Epoch: 4, Train_acc:86.3%, Train_loss:0.460, Test_acc:79.1%, Test_loss:0.477
Epoch: 5, Train_acc:87.8%, Train_loss:0.411, Test_acc:89.3%, Test_loss:0.391
Epoch: 6, Train_acc:90.2%, Train_loss:0.349, Test_acc:91.1%, Test_loss:0.328
Epoch: 7, Train_acc:89.2%, Train_loss:0.350, Test_acc:89.8%, Test_loss:0.323
Epoch: 8, Train_acc:91.7%, Train_loss:0.338, Test_acc:88.4%, Test_loss:0.349
Epoch: 9, Train_acc:90.0%, Train_loss:0.321, Test_acc:89.8%, Test_loss:0.304
Epoch:10, Train_acc:92.9%, Train_loss:0.260, Test_acc:90.7%, Test_loss:0.316
Epoch:11, Train_acc:92.8%, Train_loss:0.242, Test_acc:91.6%, Test_loss:0.295
Epoch:12, Train_acc:93.7%, Train_loss:0.232, Test_acc:90.7%, Test_loss:0.292
Epoch:13, Train_acc:94.9%, Train_loss:0.218, Test_acc:89.8%, Test_loss:0.287
Epoch:14, Train_acc:94.7%, Train_loss:0.257, Test_acc:88.9%, Test_loss:0.311
Epoch:15, Train_acc:95.2%, Train_loss:0.191, Test_acc:90.2%, Test_loss:0.286
Epoch:16, Train_acc:95.1%, Train_loss:0.220, Test_acc:89.8%, Test_loss:0.451
Epoch:17, Train_acc:95.0%, Train_loss:0.196, Test_acc:90.2%, Test_loss:0.286
Epoch:18, Train_acc:95.7%, Train_loss:0.190, Test_acc:89.3%, Test_loss:0.339
Epoch:19, Train_acc:95.8%, Train_loss:0.171, Test_acc:90.7%, Test_loss:0.257
Epoch:20, Train_acc:95.8%, Train_loss:0.163, Test_acc:89.8%, Test_loss:0.469
Done
四、结果可视化
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 隐藏警告
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore") ## 忽略警告信息
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] ## 用来正常显示中文标签
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False ## 用来正常显示负号
plt.rcParams['figure.dpi'] = 100 ## 分辨率
epochs_range = range(epochs)
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 3))
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
plt.plot(epochs_range, train_acc, label='Training Accuracy')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_acc, label='Test Accuracy')
plt.legend(loc='lower right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Accuracy')
plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.plot(epochs_range, train_loss, label='Training Loss')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_loss, label='Test Loss')
plt.legend(loc='upper right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Loss')
plt.show()
总结:
由第一次结果可以看出test_acc的结果只能达到90%,而训练集的表现比较可观,为了提升测试集准确性,可以尝试使用Adam优化器并且引入L2正则化来解决。修改代码如下:
loss_fn = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() ##创建损失函数
learn_rate = 1e-4 ## 学习率(Adam默认lr应该为0.001,但是经过试验发现效果不太理想,于是尝试将lr改为0.0001发现效果比较可观)
opt = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(),lr=learn_rate, weight_decay=1e-4)
通过训练,test_acc获得提升,基本可以到达93%。
训练结果如下:
可视化后结果如下:
另外,还可以使用数据增强来提高模型泛化能力,即对训练数据进行随机变换来增加其多样性。