文章目录
- 🍨 本文为🔗365天深度学习训练营 中的学习记录博客
- 🍖 原作者：K同学啊
一、前期准备
1.设置GPU
如果设备上支持GPU就使用GPU,否则使用CPU
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torchvision.transforms as transforms
import torchvision
from torchvision import transforms, datasets
import os, PIL, pathlib, warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore") ## 忽略警告信息
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
device
device(type='cpu')
2.导入数据
import os,PIL,random,pathlib
data_dir = './weather_photos/'
data_dir = pathlib.Path(data_dir)
data_paths = list(data_dir.glob('*'))
classeNames = [str(path).split("/")[1] for path in data_paths]
classeNames
['cloudy', 'rain', '.DS_Store', 'shine', 'sunrise']
train_transforms = transforms.Compose([
transforms.Resize([224, 224]), ## 将图片resize成统一尺寸
## transforms.RandomHorrizontalFlip() ## 随机水平翻转
transforms.ToTensor(), ## 将PIL Image或numpy.ndarray 转换为tensor，并归一化到[0,1]之间
transforms.Normalize( ## 标准化处理-->转换为标准正态分布(高斯分布)，使模型更容易收敛
mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406],
std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225]) ## 其中mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406]与std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225]从数据集中随机抽样计算得到
])
test_transforms = transforms.Compose([
transforms.Resize([224, 224]),
transforms.ToTensor(),
transforms.Normalize(
mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406],
std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])
])
total_data = datasets.ImageFolder("./weather_photos/", transform = train_transforms)
total_data
Dataset ImageFolder
Number of datapoints: 1125
Root location: ./weather_photos/
StandardTransform
Transform: Compose(
Resize(size=[224, 224], interpolation=bilinear, max_size=None, antialias=True)
ToTensor()
Normalize(mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])
)
total_data.class_to_idx
{'cloudy': 0, 'rain': 1, 'shine': 2, 'sunrise': 3}
3.划分数据集
train_size = int(0.8*len(total_data))
test_size = len(total_data) - train_size
train_dataset, test_dataset = torch.utils.data.random_split(total_data, [train_size, test_size])
train_dataset, test_dataset
(<torch.utils.data.dataset.Subset at 0x1103e4490>,
<torch.utils.data.dataset.Subset at 0x1103e5870>)
batch_size = 4
train_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_dataset,
batch_size=batch_size,
shuffle=True,
num_workers=1)
test_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(test_dataset,
batch_size=batch_size,
shuffle=True,
num_workers=1)
for X, y in test_dl:
print("Shape of X [N, C, H, W]:", X.shape)
print("Shape of y:", y.shape, y.dtype)
break
Shape of X [N, C, H, W]: torch.Size([4, 3, 224, 224])
Shape of y: torch.Size([4]) torch.int64
二、搭建包含C3模块的模型
import torch.nn.functional as F
def autopad(k, p=None): ## kernel, padding
## Pad to 'same'
if p is None:
p = k // 2 if isinstance(k, int) else [x // 2 for x in k] ## auto-pad
return p
class Conv(nn.Module):
## Standard convolution
def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=1, s=1, p=None, g=1, act=True): ## ch_in,ch_out,kernel,stride,padding,groups
super().__init__()
self.conv = nn.Conv2d(c1, c2, k, s, autopad(k, p), groups=g, bias=False)
self.bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(c2)
self.act = nn.SiLU() if act is True else (act if isinstance(act, nn.Module) else nn.Indentity())
## 如果act是一个nn.Module实例，则直接使用传入的激活函数。如果act参数为False或者未识别的值，则使用 nn.Indentity()即不做任何激活
def forward(self, x):
return self.act(self.bn(self.conv(x)))
class Bottleneck(nn.Module):
## standard bottleneck
def __init__(self, c1, c2, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5): ## ch_in, ch_out, shortcut, groups, expansion
super().__init__()
c_=int(c2 * e) ## hidden channels
self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
self.cv2 = Conv(c_, c2, 3, 1, g=g)
self.add = shortcut and c1 == c2
def forward(self, x):
return x + self.cv2(self.cv1(x)) if self.add else self.cv2(self.cv1(x))
## 如果 self.add 为 True: 执行 x + self.cv2(self.cv1(x))
class C3(nn.Module):
## CSP Bottleneck with 3 convolutions
def __init__(self, c1, c2, n=1, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5): ## ch_in, ch_out, number(Bottleneck 模块的重复次数), shortcut(), groups, expansion
super().__init__()
c_=int(c2 * e) ## hidden channels
self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
self.cv2 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
self.cv3 = Conv(2 * c_, c2, 1) ## act = FReLU(c2) 这一步通常是为了融合两个分支的输出，并恢复原始的输出通道数
self.m = nn.Sequential(*(Bottleneck(c_, c_, shortcut, g, e=1.0) for _ in range(n)))
## self.m 是一个由多个 Bottleneck 组成的模块
## n是Bottleneck模块的重复次数，意味着这个部分会重复添加n个Bottleneck层。
## 每个 Bottleneck 层的输入和输出通道数都是 c_，并且可以选择是否使用残差连接（由shortcut参数决定）。
def forward(self, x):
return self.cv3(torch.cat((self.m(self.cv1(x)), self.cv2(x)), dim=1))
## torch.cat((...), dim=1)将self.m(self.cv1(x))和self.cv2(x)的输出在通道维度上（即第 1 维）进行拼接，得到一个新的张量。
class model_K(nn.Module): ## 输入 -> 卷积层 -> C3 模块 -> 展平 -> 全连接层 -> 输出
def __init__(self):
super(model_K, self).__init__()
## 卷积模块
self.Conv = Conv(3, 32, 3, 2) ## ch_in,ch_out,kernel,stride
## C3模块1
self.C3_1 = C3(32, 64, 3, 2) ## ch_in,ch_out,number(Bottleneck 模块的重复次数),shortcut()(这里的2代表True)
## 全连接网络层，用于分类
self.classifier = nn.Sequential(
nn.Linear(in_features=802816, out_features=100),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.Linear(in_features=100, out_features=4)
)
def forward(self, x):
x = self.Conv(x)
x = self.C3_1(x)
x = torch.flatten(x, start_dim=1) ## start_dim=1 指定了从第 1 维（即通道维度）开始展平。
## x.shape=[N, C, W, H] 例如：x.shape=(8, 32, 7, 7)那么经过torch.flatten(x, start_dim=1)变为(8, 32*7*7)，即 (8, 1568)
x = self.classifier(x)
return x
device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
print("Using {} device".format(device))
model = model_K().to(device)
model
Using cpu device
model_K(
(Conv): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(3, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(C3_1): C3(
(cv1): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(cv2): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(cv3): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(m): Sequential(
(0): Bottleneck(
(cv1): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(cv2): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
)
(1): Bottleneck(
(cv1): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(cv2): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
)
(2): Bottleneck(
(cv1): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(cv2): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
)
)
)
(classifier): Sequential(
(0): Linear(in_features=802816, out_features=100, bias=True)
(1): ReLU()
(2): Linear(in_features=100, out_features=4, bias=True)
)
)
2.查看模型详情
## 统计模型参数量以及其他指标
import torchsummary as summary
summary.summary(model, (3,224,224))
----------------------------------------------------------------
Layer (type) Output Shape Param #
================================================================
Conv2d-1 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 864
BatchNorm2d-2 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-3 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-4 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-5 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 1,024
BatchNorm2d-6 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-7 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-8 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-9 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 1,024
BatchNorm2d-10 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-11 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-12 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-13 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 9,216
BatchNorm2d-14 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-15 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-16 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Bottleneck-17 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-18 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 1,024
BatchNorm2d-19 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-20 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-21 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-22 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 9,216
BatchNorm2d-23 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-24 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-25 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Bottleneck-26 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-27 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 1,024
BatchNorm2d-28 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-29 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-30 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-31 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 9,216
BatchNorm2d-32 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-33 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-34 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Bottleneck-35 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-36 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 1,024
BatchNorm2d-37 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-38 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-39 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-40 [-1, 64, 112, 112] 4,096
BatchNorm2d-41 [-1, 64, 112, 112] 128
SiLU-42 [-1, 64, 112, 112] 0
Conv-43 [-1, 64, 112, 112] 0
C3-44 [-1, 64, 112, 112] 0
Linear-45 [-1, 100] 80,281,700
ReLU-46 [-1, 100] 0
Linear-47 [-1, 4] 404
================================================================
Total params: 80,320,536
Trainable params: 80,320,536
Non-trainable params: 0
----------------------------------------------------------------
Input size (MB): 0.57
Forward/backward pass size (MB): 150.06
Params size (MB): 306.40
Estimated Total Size (MB): 457.04
----------------------------------------------------------------
三、训练模型
1.编写训练函数
## 训练循环
def train(dataloader, model, loss_fn, optimizer):
size = len(dataloader.dataset) ## 训练集的大小
num_batches = len(dataloader) ## 批次数目,(size/batch_size),向上取整
train_loss, train_acc = 0, 0
for X, y in dataloader: ## 获取初始化训练损失和正确率
X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)
## 计算误差
pred = model(X) ## 网络输出
loss = loss_fn(pred, y) ## 计算误差
## 反向传播
optimizer.zero_grad() ## grad属性归零
loss.backward() ## 反向传播
optimizer.step() ## 每一步自动更新
## 记录acc与loss
train_acc += (pred.argmax(1) == y).type(torch.float).sum().item()
train_loss += loss.item()
train_acc /= size
train_loss /= num_batches
return train_acc, train_loss
2.编写测试函数
测试函数和训练函数大致相同，但是由于不进行梯度下降对网络权重进行更新，所以不需要传入优化器
def test(dataloader, model, loss_fn):
size = len(dataloader.dataset)
num_batches = len(dataloader)
test_acc, test_loss = 0, 0
with torch.no_grad():
for imgs, target in dataloader:
imgs, target = imgs.to(device), target.to(device)
## 计算loss
target_pred = model(imgs)
loss = loss_fn(target_pred, target)
test_loss += loss.item()
test_acc += (target_pred.argmax(1) == target).type(torch.float).sum().item()
test_acc /= size
test_loss /= num_batches
return test_acc, test_loss
3.正式训练
import copy
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr = 1e-4)
loss_fn = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() ## 创建损失函数
epochs = 20
train_loss = []
train_acc = []
test_loss = []
test_acc = []
best_acc = 0 ## 设置一个最佳准确率
for epoch in range(epochs):
model.train()
epoch_train_acc, epoch_train_loss = train(train_dl, model, loss_fn, optimizer)
model.eval()
epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss = test(test_dl, model, loss_fn)
## 保存最佳模型
if epoch_test_acc > best_acc:
best_acc = epoch_test_acc
best_model = copy.deepcopy(model)
train_acc.append(epoch_train_acc)
train_loss.append(epoch_train_loss)
test_acc.append(epoch_test_acc)
test_loss.append(epoch_test_loss)
## 获取当前的学习率
lr = optimizer.state_dict()['param_groups'][0]['lr']
template = ('Epoch:{:2d}, Train_acc:{:.1f}%, Train_loss:{:.3f}, Test_acc:{:.1f}%, Test_loss:{:.3f}, Lr:{:.2E}')
print(template.format(epoch+1, epoch_train_acc * 100, epoch_train_loss, epoch_test_acc * 100, epoch_test_loss, lr))
## 保存模型参数
PATH = './best_model.pth' ## 保存的参数文件名
torch.save(model.state_dict(), PATH)
print('Done')
Epoch: 1, Train_acc:88.1%, Train_loss:0.542, Test_acc:84.0%, Test_loss:0.710, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 2, Train_acc:94.0%, Train_loss:0.289, Test_acc:83.1%, Test_loss:1.018, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 3, Train_acc:95.0%, Train_loss:0.193, Test_acc:86.2%, Test_loss:0.642, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 4, Train_acc:97.6%, Train_loss:0.094, Test_acc:89.8%, Test_loss:0.647, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 5, Train_acc:96.6%, Train_loss:0.183, Test_acc:85.8%, Test_loss:1.000, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 6, Train_acc:96.8%, Train_loss:0.122, Test_acc:82.7%, Test_loss:1.219, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 7, Train_acc:99.2%, Train_loss:0.048, Test_acc:87.6%, Test_loss:0.853, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 8, Train_acc:98.3%, Train_loss:0.088, Test_acc:78.7%, Test_loss:1.156, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 9, Train_acc:97.2%, Train_loss:0.128, Test_acc:85.8%, Test_loss:0.719, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:10, Train_acc:98.7%, Train_loss:0.068, Test_acc:90.7%, Test_loss:0.527, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:11, Train_acc:98.6%, Train_loss:0.037, Test_acc:82.7%, Test_loss:0.794, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:12, Train_acc:98.9%, Train_loss:0.042, Test_acc:89.3%, Test_loss:0.578, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:13, Train_acc:99.9%, Train_loss:0.004, Test_acc:90.2%, Test_loss:0.553, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:14, Train_acc:99.9%, Train_loss:0.002, Test_acc:90.7%, Test_loss:0.483, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:15, Train_acc:99.8%, Train_loss:0.009, Test_acc:89.8%, Test_loss:0.615, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:16, Train_acc:99.8%, Train_loss:0.005, Test_acc:90.7%, Test_loss:0.520, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:17, Train_acc:99.2%, Train_loss:0.031, Test_acc:85.3%, Test_loss:1.161, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:18, Train_acc:97.1%, Train_loss:0.222, Test_acc:88.4%, Test_loss:0.805, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:19, Train_acc:98.6%, Train_loss:0.049, Test_acc:88.9%, Test_loss:0.929, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:20, Train_acc:98.9%, Train_loss:0.056, Test_acc:90.2%, Test_loss:0.703, Lr:1.00E-04
Done
四、结果可视化
1.Loss与Accuracy图
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
## 隐藏警告
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore") ## 忽略警告信息
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
plt.rcParams['figure.dpi'] = 100
epochs_range = range(epochs)
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 3))
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
plt.plot(epochs_range, train_acc, label='Training Accuracy')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_acc, label='Test Accuracy')
plt.legend(loc='lower right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Accuracy')
plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.plot(epochs_range, train_loss, label='Training Loss')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_loss, label='Test Loss')
plt.legend(loc='upper right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Loss')
plt.show()
2.模型评估
best_model.eval()
epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss = test(test_dl, best_model, loss_fn)
epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss
(0.9066666666666666, 0.5267204757914918)
epoch_test_acc
0.9066666666666666
五、总结：
本周学习了解了YOLOv5中的C3模块，通过代码深入了解了C3模块的结构：
-
C3 模块
• C3 模块是 YOLOv5 中用来替代标准残差块（Residual Block）的模块，它集成了多层 Bottleneck 结构，并通过 concat（拼接）操作将不同层的特征融合在一起。 -
Bottleneck 子模块
• Bottleneck 子模块内部包含了两个卷积层，并且有一个“shortcut”路径（残差路径）。
• Bottleneck 模块通过将输入 input 先经过两个卷积层，然后将输出与输入相加（即 ADD），形成残差连接，帮助模型更好地训练深度网络。 -
Concat
• concat（拼接）操作是将多层的输出特征图沿通道维度拼接在一起，以丰富特征表达。 -
ShortCut
• Bottleneck 模块中的 shortcut 连接是直接将输入 input 传递到输出，并与经过卷积处理后的输出相加，这种结构有助于缓解梯度消失问题，类似于 ResNet 中的残差连接。
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