HDLBits学习：Lemmings4

题目：

Although Lemmings can walk, fall, and dig, Lemmings aren't invulnerable. If a Lemming falls for too long then hits the ground, it can splatter. In particular, if a Lemming falls for more than 20 clock cycles then hits the ground, it will splatter and cease walking, falling, or digging (all 4 outputs become 0), forever (Or until the FSM gets reset). There is no upper limit on how far a Lemming can fall before hitting the ground. Lemmings only splatter when hitting the ground; they do not splatter in mid-air.

Extend your finite state machine to model this behaviour.

Falling for 20 cycles is survivable:

Falling for 21 cycles causes splatter:

AI翻译如下：

虽然旅鼠可以走路、跌倒和挖掘，但旅鼠并不是刀枪不入的。如果旅鼠跌倒时间过长然后撞到地上，它可能会飞溅。特别是，如果旅鼠跌倒超过 20 个时钟周期然后撞到地面，它会飞溅并停止行走、跌倒或挖掘（所有 4 个输出变为 0），永远（或直到 FSM 重置）。旅鼠在落地之前可以掉落多远没有上限。旅鼠只有在撞击地面时才会飞溅;它们不会飞溅到半空中。

扩展有限状态机以对此行为进行建模。

跌倒 20 个周期是可以存活的：

跌落 21 个周期会导致飞溅：

分析：本题结合前三小题，构成一个比较综合的旅鼠状态机试题，总体难度不大，要注意的是计数器分配的字节数，不够大的话容易导致计数不足，而且该错误不易察觉

如下是状态转换图

以下是实现代码：

module top_module(
    input clk,
    input areset,    // Freshly brainwashed Lemmings walk left.
    input bump_left,
    input bump_right,
    input ground,
    input dig,
    output walk_left,
    output walk_right,
    output aaah,
    output digging ); 
//独热码定义状态空间
parameter LEFT   = 3'b001;
parameter RIGHT  = 3'b010;
parameter FALL_L = 3'b011;
parameter FALL_R = 3'b100;
parameter DIG_L  = 3'b101;
parameter DIG_R  = 3'b110;
parameter SPLAT  = 3'b111;
//设置当前状态、下一状态、计数器
reg [2:0] state;
reg [2:0] next_state;
reg [15:0] cnt;
//状态转换
always @(*) begin
		case (state)
			LEFT  :next_state = (dig&ground)?DIG_L:(ground  ? (bump_left?RIGHT:LEFT)  : FALL_L);
			RIGHT :next_state = (dig&ground)?DIG_R:(ground  ? (bump_right?LEFT:RIGHT) : FALL_R);
            FALL_L:next_state = (cnt>16'd19)?(ground?SPLAT:FALL_L):(ground?LEFT:FALL_L);
            FALL_R:next_state = (cnt>16'd19)?(ground?SPLAT:FALL_R):(ground?RIGHT:FALL_R);
            DIG_L :next_state = ground  ? DIG_L:FALL_L;
            DIG_R :next_state = ground  ? DIG_R:FALL_R;
            SPLAT :next_state=SPLAT;
		endcase
end

//状态跳转
always @(posedge clk or posedge areset) begin
    if(areset)
    state<=LEFT;
    else
    state<=next_state;    
end
//设置计数器
always @(posedge clk or posedge areset) begin
    if(areset)
    cnt<=16'd0;
    else begin 
    if((state==FALL_L)|(state==FALL_R))
    cnt<=cnt+16'd1;
    else
    cnt<=16'd0;
    end
end
//设置输出
assign aaah=((state==FALL_L)|(state==FALL_R))&~(state==SPLAT);
assign walk_left =(state==LEFT)&~(state==SPLAT);
assign walk_right=(state==RIGHT)&~(state==SPLAT);
assign digging=((state==DIG_L)|(state==DIG_R))&~(state==SPLAT);

endmodule