中断编程入门

中断编程入门

一、任务概述

学习stm32中断原理和开发编程方法。使用标准库完成以下任务：

1、用stm32F103核心板的GPIOA端一管脚接一个LED，GPIOB端口一引脚接一个开关（用杜邦线模拟代替）。采用中断模式编程，当开关接高电平时，LED亮灯；接低电平时，LED灭灯。如果完成后，尝试在main函数while循环中加入一个串口每隔1s 发送一次字符的代码片段，观察按键中断对串口发送是否会带来干扰或延迟。

2、采用串口中断方式分别实现：

（1）当stm32接收到1个字符“s”时，停止持续发送“hello windows!”; 当接收到1个字符“t”时，持续发送“hello windows!”；

（2）当stm32接收到字符“stop stm32!”时，停止持续发送“hello windows!”; 当接收到字符“go stm32!”时，持续发送“hello windows!”。

二、任务实现

1、中断控制

LED.h

#ifndef __LED_H
#define __LED_H

void LED_Init(void);

#endif

LED.c

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header

void LED_Init(void)
{
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE);
	
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9 ;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);
	
	GPIO_SetBits(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_9);
}

Key.h

#ifndef __KEY_H
#define __KEY_H

void Key_EXTI_Init(void);

#endif

Key.c

#include "stm32f10x.h"               

void Key_EXTI_Init(void)
{
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE);
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO, ENABLE);
	
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_0 ;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);
	
	GPIO_EXTILineConfig(GPIO_PortSourceGPIOB, GPIO_PinSource0);
	
	EXTI_InitTypeDef EXTI_InitStructure;
	EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Line = EXTI_Line0;
	EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_LineCmd = ENABLE;
	EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Mode = EXTI_Mode_Interrupt;
	EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Trigger = EXTI_Trigger_Falling;
	EXTI_Init(&EXTI_InitStructure);
	
	NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);
	
	NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = EXTI0_IRQn;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
	NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
}

void EXTI0_IRQHandler(void)
{
	if (EXTI_GetITStatus(EXTI_Line0) == SET)
	{
		GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOB,GPIO_Pin_9,(BitAction)((1-GPIO_ReadOutputDataBit(GPIOB,GPIO_Pin_9))));
		EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(EXTI_Line0);
	}
}

main.c

#include "stm32f10x.h"              
#include "Key.h"
#include "Led.h"

int main(void)
{
	LED_Init();
	Key_EXTI_Init();
	
	while (1)
	{
	}
}

2.1、当stm32接收到1个字符“s”时，停止持续发送“hello windows!”; 当接收到1个字符“t”时，持续发送“hello windows!”。

#include "stm32f10x.h"
#include "misc.h"
#include <string.h>  // 包含 string.h 以使用 strlen

volatile uint8_t send_enabled = 0;  // 全局变量，控制发送行为

void USART_Configuration(void) {
    USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
    GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;

    // 打开 GPIO 与 USART 端口的时钟
    RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA | RCC_APB2Periph_USART1, ENABLE);

    // 配置 USART1 Tx (PA.09) 为复用推挽输出
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
    GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);

    // 配置 USART1 Rx (PA.10) 为浮空输入
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
    GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);

    // 配置 USART 参数
    USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 9600;
    USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
    USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;
    USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;
    USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
    USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;
    USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure);

    // 使能 USART
    USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE);

    // 使能接收中断
    USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);

    // 配置 NVIC
    NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 0;
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 0;
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
    NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
}

void USART1_IRQHandler(void) {
    if(USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE) != RESET) {
        char data = USART_ReceiveData(USART1);
        if(data == 's') {  // 接收到 's' 停止发送
            send_enabled = 0;
        } else if (data == 't') {  // 接收到 't' 开始发送
            send_enabled = 1;
        }
        USART_ClearITPendingBit(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE);
    }
}

void Delay(__IO uint32_t nCount) {
    for(; nCount != 0; nCount--);
}

int main(void) {
    SystemInit();
    USART_Configuration();

    char *str = "hello windows!\r\n";
    while(1) {
        if(send_enabled) {
            for(uint32_t i = 0; i < strlen(str); i++) {
                while(USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1, USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);
                USART_SendData(USART1, str[i]);
            }
        }
        Delay(5000000);
    }
}

2.2、当stm32接收到字符“stop stm32!”时，停止持续发送“hello windows!”; 当接收到字符“go stm32!”时，持续发送“hello windows!”。

#include "stm32f10x.h"
#include "misc.h"
#include <string.h>

#define BUFFER_SIZE 100
volatile char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
volatile int buffer_index = 0;
volatile int send_enabled = 0;

void Delay(__IO uint32_t nCount) {
    for (; nCount != 0; nCount--);
}

void USART_Configuration(void) {
    USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
    GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;

    RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA | RCC_APB2Periph_USART1, ENABLE);

    // USART Tx (PA.09) 配置为复用推挽输出
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
    GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);

    // USART Rx (PA.10) 配置为浮空输入
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
    GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);

    USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 9600;
    USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
    USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;
    USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;
    USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
    USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;
    USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure);

    USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE); // 开启接收中断
    USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE);
}

void NVIC_Configuration(void) {
    NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;

    NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_0);
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 0;
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 0;
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
    NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
}

void USART1_IRQHandler(void) {
    if (USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE) != RESET) {
        char data = (char)USART_ReceiveData(USART1);
        if (buffer_index < BUFFER_SIZE - 1) {
            buffer[buffer_index++] = data;
            buffer[buffer_index] = '\0';  // 保持字符串结尾

            char* temp_buffer = (char*)buffer; // 创建一个非 volatile 指针

            if (strstr(temp_buffer, "stop stm32!") != NULL) {
                send_enabled = 0;
                buffer_index = 0;  // 清空缓冲区
            } else if (strstr(temp_buffer, "go stm32!") != NULL) {
                send_enabled = 1;
                buffer_index = 0;  // 清空缓冲区
            }
        }
    }
}

int main(void) {
    SystemInit();
    USART_Configuration();
    NVIC_Configuration();

    char *str = "hello windows!\r\n";
    while (1) {
        if (send_enabled) {
            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < strlen(str); i++) {
                while (USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1, USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);
                USART_SendData(USART1, str[i]);
            }
        }
        Delay(5000000);
    }
}