system model
single-cell model
y
=
h
H
x
+
n
y=\mathbf{h}^H\mathbf{x}+n
y=hHx+n
where
h
∈
C
N
t
×
1
\mathbf{h}\in \mathbb{C}^{N_t\times 1}
h∈CNt×1 is the downlink channel between the BS and the user, 𝑛 is the complex additive Gaussian noise (AWGN) with zero mean and variance
σ
2
\sigma^2
σ2, and
x
∈
C
N
t
×
1
\mathbf{x}\in \mathbb{C}^{N_t\times 1}
x∈CNt×1 is the precoded signal, which is given by
x
=
w
s
\mathbf x=\mathbf ws
x=ws,and
h
\mathbf h
h can be formulated as
h
=
∑
c
=
1
N
c
∑
s
=
1
N
s
g
c
,
s
a
(
θ
c
,
s
)
\mathbf h=\sum_{c=1}^{N_c}\sum_{s=1}^{N_s}g_{c,s}\mathbf a(\theta_{c,s})
h=c=1∑Ncs=1∑Nsgc,sa(θc,s) where
N
c
N_c
Nc stands for the number of the scattering clusters, i.e., path number,
N
s
N_s
Ns in each scattering cluster,
g
c
,
s
g_{c,s}
gc,s is the complex gain of the 𝑠-th sub-path in 𝑐-th scattering cluster, and 𝜃𝑐,𝑠 is the corresponding azimuth angle-of-departure (AoD) of this sub-path. When the BS is with ULA transmit antennas, the steering vector
a
(
θ
)
∈
C
N
t
×
1
\mathbf{a}(\theta)\in \mathbb{C}^{N_t\times 1}
a(θ)∈CNt×1 can be written as
a
(
θ
)
=
[
1
,
e
−
j
2
π
d
/
λ
s
i
n
(
θ
)
,
⋯
,
e
−
j
2
π
(
N
t
−
1
)
d
/
λ
s
i
n
(
θ
)
]
\mathbf a(\theta)=[1,e^{-j2\pi d/\lambda sin(\theta)},\cdots,e^{-j2\pi (N_t-1)d/\lambda sin(\theta)}]
a(θ)=[1,e−j2πd/λsin(θ),⋯,e−j2π(Nt−1)d/λsin(θ)] where 𝑑 and 𝜆 are the antenna element spacing and carrier wavelength, respectively.
multi-cell model
the received signal
y
k
y_k
yk of 𝑘 th user is given by
y
k
=
γ
k
,
(
d
)
h
k
T
w
k
s
k
+
γ
k
,
(
i
)
g
k
+
1
T
w
k
+
1
s
k
+
1
+
n
k
y_k=\sqrt{\gamma_{k,(d)}}\mathbf h_k^T\mathbf w_k s_k+\sqrt{\gamma_{k,(i)}}\mathbf g_{k+1}^T\mathbf w_{k+1}s_{k+1}+n_k
yk=γk,(d)hkTwksk+γk,(i)gk+1Twk+1sk+1+nk
where
s
k
s_k
sk and
s
k
+
1
s_{k+1}
sk+1 denote the symbol transmitted from the
k
k
kth and (𝑘 + 1)th BSs, respectively,
w
k
\mathbf w_k
wk and
w
k
+
1
\mathbf w_{k+1}
wk+1 are the BF vectors of the 𝑘th and (𝑘 +1)th BSs, respectively, and
n
k
n_k
nk is the zero-mean AWGN noise of the 𝑘th user with
E
∣
n
k
∣
2
=
N
0
\mathbb E{|n_k|^2}=N_0
E∣nk∣2=N0
只考虑了两个基站