【Python】画图

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1.画图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = np.linspace(-1, 1, 50)
# y = 2*x + 1
y = x**2
plt.plot(x, y)
plt.show()

不想要在pycharm显示图像，想单独页面显示来编辑图像
File->Settings->Tools->Python Scientific->Show plots in tool window 对勾取消

2.figure使用

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = np.linspace(-1, 1, 50)
y1 = 2*x + 1
y2 = x**2
plt.figure()
plt.plot(x, y1)

plt.figure()
plt.plot(x, y2)
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = np.linspace(-1, 1, 50)
y1 = 2*x + 1
y2 = x**2
plt.figure()
plt.plot(x, y1)

plt.figure('hello')
plt.plot(x, y2,color='g',linestyle='-')
plt.plot(x, y1,'r--',linewidth=21.0)
plt.show()

3.axis

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = np.linspace(-1, 1, 50)
y1 = 2*x + 1
y2 = x**2

plt.figure('hello')
plt.plot(x, y2,color='g',linestyle='-')
plt.plot(x, y1,'r--',linewidth=21.0)
plt.xlim((-1,1))
plt.ylim((-1,3))
plt.xlabel('I am x')
plt.ylabel('I am y')

new_ticks = np.linspace(-1,2,5)
print(new_ticks)
plt.xticks(new_ticks)
plt.yticks([-2,-1.8,1,3],
           [r'$really\ bad\ \alpha$','$bad$','$normal$','$good$'])
plt.show()

4.坐标轴位置设定

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = np.linspace(-1, 1, 50)
y1 = 2*x + 1
y2 = x**2

plt.figure('hello')
plt.plot(x, y2,color='g',linestyle='-')
plt.plot(x, y1,'r--',linewidth=1.0)
plt.xlim((-1,1))
plt.ylim((-1,3))
plt.xlabel('$I\ am\ x$')
plt.ylabel('$I\ am\ y$')

new_ticks = np.linspace(-1,2,5)
print(new_ticks)
plt.xticks(new_ticks)
plt.yticks([-2,-1.8,1,3],
           [r'$really\ bad\ \alpha$','$bad$','$normal$','$good$'])

ax =plt.gca()
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')
ax.spines['bottom'].set_position(('data',-1))
ax.spines['left'].set_position(('data',0))
plt.show()

5.图例

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = np.linspace(-1, 1, 50)
y1 = 2*x + 1
y2 = x**2

plt.figure('hello')
plt.plot(x, y2,color='g',linestyle='-',label='up')
plt.plot(x, y1,'r--',linewidth=1.0,label='down')
plt.xlim((-1,1))
plt.ylim((-1,3))
plt.xlabel('$I\ am\ x$')
plt.ylabel('$I\ am\ y$')

new_ticks = np.linspace(-1,2,5)
print(new_ticks)
plt.xticks(new_ticks)
plt.yticks([-2,-1.8,1,3],
           [r'$really\ bad\ \alpha$','$bad$','$normal$','$good$'])

ax =plt.gca()
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')
ax.spines['bottom'].set_position(('data',-1))
ax.spines['left'].set_position(('data',0))
plt.legend(loc='best')
plt.show()

6.注释

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = np.linspace(-1, 1, 50)
y1 = 2*x + 1
y2 = x**2

plt.figure('hello')
plt.plot(x, y2,color='g',linestyle='-',label='up')
plt.plot(x, y1,'r--',linewidth=1.0,label='down')
plt.xlim((-1,1))
plt.ylim((-1,3))
plt.xlabel('$I\ am\ x$')
plt.ylabel('$I\ am\ y$')

new_ticks = np.linspace(-1,2,5)
print(new_ticks)
plt.xticks(new_ticks)
plt.yticks([-2,-1.8,1,3],
           [r'$really\ bad\ \alpha$','$bad$','$normal$','$good$'])

ax =plt.gca()
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')
ax.spines['bottom'].set_position(('data',-1))
ax.spines['left'].set_position(('data',0))
plt.legend(loc='best')

x0 = 0.45
y0 = 2*x0 + 1
plt.scatter(x0,y0,s=50,color='b')
plt.plot([x0,x0],[y0,-1],'k--',lw=2.5)

plt.annotate(r'$2x+1=%s$' %y0,xy=(x0,y0),xycoords='data',xytext=(+30,-20),textcoords='offset points',fontsize=16,arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->',connectionstyle='arc3,rad=.2'))
plt.text(-1,3.5,r'$This\ is\ the\ some\ text.\  \mu\ sigma_i\ \alpha_t$', fontdict={'size':16,'color':'r'})
plt.show()

7.遮挡问题

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = np.linspace(-10, 9)
y2 = x**3-1
plt.plot(x, y2,'r--',linewidth=20.0,label='down',zorder=1)
#视频中的方法不行，所以给坐标轴加zorder=1 达到预期效果
ax =plt.gca()
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')
ax.spines['bottom'].set_position(('data',-1))
ax.spines['left'].set_position(('data',0))
plt.legend(loc='best')

for label in ax.get_xticklabels()+ax.get_yticklabels():
    label.set_fontsize(12)
    label.set_bbox(dict(facecolor='white',edgecolor='None',alpha=0.2))
plt.show()

先学这些吧，够用了，后面再学习一张画布放多张图，跟MATLAB一样，因为移植的MATLABplot库嘛