跟我一起学OpenGL- texture(纹理)

前面学习了画普通的图形，但是颜色比较单一，有什么好的方法让图形颜色更加丰富，更加真实呢？texture(中文译为纹理)就可以扮演这一角色，本节则简单说明texture的使用。

运行下面的程序，便可出现一个黑白相间的棋盘:

  1 #include <GL/glew.h>                                                                                                                                                                                        
  2 #include <GL/freeglut.h>
  3 #include <iostream>
  4 using namespace std;
  5 #define BUFFER_OFFSET(x) ((const void*) (x))
  6
  7 enum VAO_IDs {Triangles, NumVAOs};
  8 enum Buffer_IDs {ArrayBuffer, NumBuffers};
  9 enum Attrib_IDs {vPosition = 0};
 10
 11 GLuint VAOs[NumVAOs];
 12 GLuint Buffers[NumBuffers];
 13 GLuint program;
 14
 15 GLushort indices[] = {
 16         0, 1, 3, /* first triangle */
 17         1, 2, 3 /* second triangle */
 18 };
 19
 20 GLuint tex;
 21
 22 const GLchar* vertex_shader = "#version 300 es \n"
 23                               "layout(location=0) in vec3 vPosition;\n"
 24                               "layout(location=1) in vec2 texCo;\n"
 25                               "out vec2 TexC;\n"
 26                               "void main()\n"
 27                               "{\n"
 28                               "gl_Position = vec4(vPosition, 1.0);\n"
 29                               "TexC = vec2(texCo.x, texCo.y);\n"
 30                               "}\n";
 31
 32 const GLchar* fragment_shader = "#version 300 es \n"
 33                                 "precision highp float; \n"
 34                                 "uniform sampler2D color;\n"
 35                                 "layout(location=0)out vec4 fColor;\n"
 36                                 "in vec2 TexC;\n"
 37                                 "void main()\n"
 38                                 "{\n"
 39                                 "fColor = texture2D(color, TexC);\n"
 40                                 "}\n";
 41
 42 void init_shader()
 43 {
 44           // vertex shader
 45           GLuint vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
 46           glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &vertex_shader, NULL);
 47           glCompileShader(vertexShader);
 48           // check vertex shader compiling status
 49           GLint compiled;
 50           GLchar log[256];
 51           glGetShaderiv(vertexShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &compiled);
 52           if (!compiled)
 53           {
 54                   glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexShader, 256, NULL, log);
 55                   std::cerr << "vertex shader compile failed" << log << std::endl;
 56           }
 57
 58           // fragment shader
 59           GLuint fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
 60           glShaderSource(fragmentShader, 1, &fragment_shader, NULL);
 61           glCompileShader(fragmentShader);
 62           // check fragment shader compiling status
 63           glGetShaderiv(fragmentShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &compiled);
 64           if (!compiled)
 65           {
 66                   glGetShaderInfoLog(fragmentShader, 256, NULL, log);
 67                   std::cerr << "fragment shader compile failed" << log << std::endl;
 68           }
 69
 70           // link shaders
 71           program = glCreateProgram();
 72           glAttachShader(program, vertexShader);
 73           glAttachShader(program, fragmentShader);
 74           glLinkProgram(program);
 75
 76           cout << "prog=" << program << endl;
 77           //check link status
 78           GLint linked;
 79           glGetProgramiv(program, GL_LINK_STATUS, &linked);
 80           if (!linked)
 81           {
 82                   glGetProgramInfoLog(program, 256, NULL, log);
 83                   std::cerr << "shader linking failed" << log << std::endl;
 84           }
 85           // delete shader
 86           glDeleteShader(vertexShader);
 87           glDeleteShader(fragmentShader);
 88 }
 89
 90 #define HEIGHT 8
 91 #define WIDTH 8
 92 unsigned char pic[HEIGHT][WIDTH][4];
 93
 94 static void gen_texture(void)
 95 {
 96         int i, j, count;
 97         for(i = 0; i < HEIGHT; i++)
 98         {
 99                 for(j = 0; j < WIDTH; j++)
100                 {
101                         count = (((i & 0x1) == 0) ^ ((j & 0x1) == 0)) * 255;
102                         pic[i][j][0] = count;
103                         pic[i][j][1] = count;
104                         pic[i][j][2] = count;
105                         pic[i][j][3] = 255;
106                 }
107         }
108 }
109
110 void init_data()
111 {
112           glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 0);
113           glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
114
115           gen_texture();
116
117           glGenVertexArrays(NumVAOs, VAOs);
118           glBindVertexArray(VAOs[Triangles]);
119
120           const GLfloat vertices[] = {
121                 // positions     
122                  -1.0f,  -1.0f, 0.0f,     // top right
123                  1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,       // bottom right
124                  1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,        // bottom left
125                 -1.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,       // top left
126
127                 // texture coords
128                 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f
129          };
130
131          glGenBuffers(NumBuffers, Buffers);
132          glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, Buffers[ArrayBuffer]);
133          glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
134
135          GLuint ebo;
136          glGenBuffers(1, &ebo);
137          glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ebo);
138          glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
139
140          glGenTextures(1, &tex);
141          glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, tex);
142
143          glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
144          glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
145
146          glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
147          glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
148          glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, WIDTH, HEIGHT, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pic);
149
150          glUseProgram(program);
151
152          GLint texloc = glGetAttribLocation(program, "texCo");
153          cout << "texloc=" << texloc << endl;
154          GLint posloc = glGetAttribLocation(program, "vPosition");
155          cout << "posloc=" << posloc << endl;
156
157          glEnableVertexAttribArray(posloc);
158          glVertexAttribPointer(posloc, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);
159
160          glEnableVertexAttribArray(texloc);
161          glVertexAttribPointer(texloc, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, (void*)(12*sizeof(float)));
162 }
163
164 void display()
165 {
166         glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0);
167         glFlush();
168 }
169
170 int main(int argc, char* argv[])
171 {
172          glutInit(&argc, argv);
173          glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA);
174          glutInitWindowSize(300 ,300);
175          glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100);
176          glutCreateWindow("Learn opengl: texture");
177
178          const char* version = (const char*)glGetString(GL_VERSION);
179          cout << "version=" << version << endl;
180          const char* vendor = (const char*)glGetString(GL_VENDOR);
181          cout << "vendor=" << vendor << endl;
182
183          const char* render = (const char*)glGetString(GL_RENDERER);
184          cout << "render=" << render << endl;
185
186          const char* extension = (const char*)glGetString(GL_EXTENSIONS);
187          cout << "extension=" << extension << endl;
188
189          glewExperimental = GL_TRUE;
190          if(glewInit())
191          {
192                  std::cout << "Unable to Initialize" << std::endl;
193                  exit(1);
194          }
195          init_shader();
196          init_data();
197          glutDisplayFunc(display);
198          glutMainLoop();
199 }

如图所示：

上面的程序会产生8x8大小的texture，黑白相间。