跟我一起学OpenGL- load texture

上一篇文章已经说明了如何使用texture, 但是颜色还不够真实，我们日常看到的颜色中有很多图片，能不能把这些图片真实的展示出来呢？答案是肯定的，比如一面墙，我们不需要专门去画这堵墙，可以把墙的图片贴上来就可以了。步骤是:

1 读取图片，区分RGBA

2 将图片当成texture去采样

3 draw并显示出来

图片有很多种格式 ，jpg, png, ppm, bmp等，可惜OpenGL并没有提供读取图片的API，这就需要我们自己去做了。常见的开源项目里面有很多可以完成这个操作的，比如SOIL，这里我们就看个简单的读取bmp格式的，以美女图片为例。

读取图片的函数为:

 96 void read_bmp()
 97 {
 98         GLint pixel_length;
 99 
100         FILE* pfile = fopen("girl.bmp","rw+");
101         if(pfile == 0)
102         printf("File open failed\n");
103 
104         fseek(pfile,0x0012,SEEK_SET);
105         fread(&image_width, sizeof(image_width), 1, pfile);
106         fread(&image_height, sizeof(image_height), 1, pfile);
107         printf("---image_width=%d\n", image_width);
108         printf("---image_height=%d\n", image_height);
109 
110         pixel_length = image_width * 3;
111         printf("---pixellength=%d\n", pixel_length);
112         while(pixel_length % 4 != 0) pixel_length++;
113 
114         pixel_length *= image_height;
115         printf("---pixellength=%d\n", pixel_length);
116 
117         pixel_data = (GLubyte*)malloc(pixel_length);
118         if(pixel_data == 0) exit(0);
119 
120         fseek(pfile, 54, SEEK_SET);
121         fread(pixel_data, pixel_length, 1, pfile);
122         for (int i = 0 ; i < 1000; i++)
123         {
124                 if(pixel_data[i] != 0)
125                 printf("---pixel_data=%d\n", pixel_data[i]);
126         }
127         fclose(pfile);
128 }

剩下的部分和上一篇文章差不多，不再赘述。整个程序如下:

  1 #include <GL/glew.h>
  2 #include <GL/freeglut.h>
  3 #include<stdio.h>
  4 #include<stdlib.h>
  5 #include <iostream>
  6 using namespace std;
  7 #define BUFFER_OFFSET(x) ((const void*) (x))
  8
  9 enum VAO_IDs {Triangles, NumVAOs};
 10 enum Buffer_IDs {ArrayBuffer, NumBuffers};
 11 enum Attrib_IDs {vPosition = 0};
 12
 13 GLuint VAOs[NumVAOs];
 14 GLuint Buffers[NumBuffers];
 15 GLuint program;
 16
 17 GLushort indices[] = {
 18         0, 1, 3, /* first triangle */
 19         1, 2, 3 /* second triangle */
 20 };
 21
 22 GLuint tex;
 23
 24 const GLchar* vertex_shader = "#version 300 es \n"
 25                               "layout(location=0) in vec3 vPosition;\n"
 26                               "layout(location=1) in vec2 texCo;\n"
 27                               "out vec2 TexC;\n"
 28                               "void main()\n"
 29                               "{\n"
 30                               "gl_Position = vec4(vPosition, 1.0);\n"
 31                               "TexC = vec2(texCo.x, texCo.y);\n"
 32                               "}\n";
 33
 34 const GLchar* fragment_shader = "#version 300 es \n"
 35                                 "precision highp float; \n"
 36                                 "uniform sampler2D color;\n"
 37                                 "layout(location=0)out vec4 fColor;\n"
 38                                 "in vec2 TexC;\n"
 39                                 "void main()\n"
 40                                 "{\n"
 41                                 "fColor = texture2D(color, TexC);\n"
 42                                 "}\n";
 43
 44 void init_shader()
 45 {
 46           // vertex shader
 47           GLuint vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
 48           glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &vertex_shader, NULL);
 49           glCompileShader(vertexShader);
 50           // check vertex shader compiling status
 51           GLint compiled;
 52           GLchar log[256];
 53           glGetShaderiv(vertexShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &compiled);
 54           if (!compiled)
55           {
 56                   glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexShader, 256, NULL, log);
 57                   std::cerr << "vertex shader compile failed" << log << std::endl;
 58           }
 59 
 60           // fragment shader
 61           GLuint fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
 62           glShaderSource(fragmentShader, 1, &fragment_shader, NULL);
 63           glCompileShader(fragmentShader);
 64           // check fragment shader compiling status
 65           glGetShaderiv(fragmentShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &compiled);
 66           if (!compiled)
 67           {
 68                   glGetShaderInfoLog(fragmentShader, 256, NULL, log);
 69                   std::cerr << "fragment shader compile failed" << log << std::endl;
 70           }
 71 
 72           // link shaders
 73           program = glCreateProgram();
 74           glAttachShader(program, vertexShader);
 75           glAttachShader(program, fragmentShader);
 76           glLinkProgram(program);
 77 
 78           cout << "prog=" << program << endl;
 79           //check link status
 80           GLint linked;
 81           glGetProgramiv(program, GL_LINK_STATUS, &linked);
 82           if (!linked)
 83           {
 84                   glGetProgramInfoLog(program, 256, NULL, log);
 85                   std::cerr << "shader linking failed" << log << std::endl;
 86           }
 87           // delete shader
 88           glDeleteShader(vertexShader);
 89           glDeleteShader(fragmentShader);
 90 }
 91 
 92 GLint image_width;
 93 GLint image_height;
 94 GLubyte* pixel_data;
 95 
 96 void read_bmp()
 97 {
 98         GLint pixel_length;
 99 
100         FILE* pfile = fopen("girl.bmp","rw+");
101         if(pfile == 0)
102         cout << "File open failed" << endl;
103 
104         fseek(pfile,0x0012,SEEK_SET);
105         fread(&image_width, sizeof(image_width), 1, pfile);
106         fread(&image_height, sizeof(image_height), 1, pfile);
107         cout << "---image_width=" << image_width << endl;
108         cout << "---image_height=" << image_height << endl;
109 
110         pixel_length = image_width * 3;
111         cout << "---pixel_length=" << pixel_length << endl;
112         while(pixel_length % 4 != 0) pixel_length++;
113 
114         pixel_length *= image_height;
115         cout << "---pixel_length=" << pixel_length << endl;
116 
117         pixel_data = (GLubyte*)malloc(pixel_length);
118         if(pixel_data == 0) exit(0);
119 
120         fseek(pfile, 54, SEEK_SET);
121         fread(pixel_data, pixel_length, 1, pfile);
122         for (int i = 0 ; i < 1000; i++)
123         {
124                 if(pixel_data[i] != 0)
125                 cout << "---pixel_data=" << (int)pixel_data[i] << endl;
126         }
127         fclose(pfile);
128 }
129 
130 void init_data()
131 {
132           glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 0);
133           glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
134 
135           read_bmp();
136 
137           glGenVertexArrays(NumVAOs, VAOs);
138           glBindVertexArray(VAOs[Triangles]);
139 
140           const GLfloat vertices[] = {
141                 // positions     
142                  -1.0f,  -1.0f, 0.0f,     // top right
143                  1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,       // bottom right
144                  1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,        // bottom left
145                 -1.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,       // top left 
146 
147                 // texture coords
148                 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f
149          };
150 
151          glGenBuffers(NumBuffers, Buffers);
152          glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, Buffers[ArrayBuffer]);
153          glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
154 
155          GLuint ebo;
156          glGenBuffers(1, &ebo);
157          glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ebo);
158          glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
159 
160          glGenTextures(1, &tex);
161          glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, tex);
162 
163          glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
164          glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
165 
166          glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
167          glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
168          glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, image_width, image_height, 0, GL_BGR, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pixel_data);
169 
170          glUseProgram(program);
171 
172          GLint texloc = glGetAttribLocation(program, "texCo");
173          cout << "texloc=" << texloc << endl;
174          GLint posloc = glGetAttribLocation(program, "vPosition");
175          cout << "posloc=" << posloc << endl;
176 
177          glEnableVertexAttribArray(posloc);
178          glVertexAttribPointer(posloc, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);
179 
180          glEnableVertexAttribArray(texloc);
181          glVertexAttribPointer(texloc, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, (void*)(12*sizeof(float)));
182 }
183 
184 void display()
185 {
186         glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0);
187         glFlush();
188 }
189 
190 int main(int argc, char* argv[])
191 {
192          glutInit(&argc, argv);
193          glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA);
194          glutInitWindowSize(300 ,300);
195          glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100);
196          glutCreateWindow("Learn opengl: load texture");
197 
198          const char* version = (const char*)glGetString(GL_VERSION);
199          cout << "version=" << version << endl;
200          const char* vendor = (const char*)glGetString(GL_VENDOR);
201          cout << "vendor=" << vendor << endl;
202 
203          const char* render = (const char*)glGetString(GL_RENDERER);
204          cout << "render=" << render << endl;
205 
206          glewExperimental = GL_TRUE;
207          if(glewInit())
208          {
209                  std::cout << "Unable to Initialize" << std::endl;
210                  exit(1);
211          }
212          init_shader();
213          init_data();
214          glutDisplayFunc(display);
215          glutMainLoop();
216 }

运行完后，就可以显示出来图片了: