验证码生成与识别

整理下以前的代码，做个笔记：

验证码生成

利用captcha库生成验证码

from captcha.image import ImageCaptcha #pip install captcha
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from PIL import Image
import random

number = ['0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9']
alphabet = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n','o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z']
ALPHABET = ['A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z']

def random_captcha_text(char_set = number+alphabet+ALPHABET, captcha_size=4):
    captcha_text = []
    for i in range(captcha_size):
        c = random.choice(char_set)
        captcha_text.append(c)
    return captcha_text
    
def gen_captcha_text_and_image():
    image = ImageCaptcha()
    
    captcha_text = random_captcha_text()
    captcha_text = ''.join(captcha_text)
    
    captcha = image.generate(captcha_text)
    #image.write(captcha_text, captcha_text + '.jpg')module 'matplotlib' has no attribute 'figure'
    
    captcha_image = Image.open(captcha)
    captcha_image = np.array(captcha_image)
    return captcha_text, captcha_image
    
    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    text, image = gen_captcha_text_and_image()
    
    f = plt.figure()
    ax = f.add_subplot(111)
    ax.text(0.1,0.9,text, ha = 'center', va = 'center', transform=ax.transAxes)
    plt.imshow(image)
    
    plt.show()

训练验证码识别器

from gen_captcha import gen_captcha_text_and_image
from gen_captcha import number
from gen_captcha import alphabet
from gen_captcha import ALPHABET

import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf

text, image = gen_captcha_text_and_image()
print('vertification image channel', image.shape)

IMAGE_WIDTH = 160
IMAGE_HEIGHT = 60
MAX_CAPTCHA = len(text)
print('vertification code max_char', MAX_CAPTCHA)

def convertBgr2Gray(img):
    if len(image.shape) > 2:
        gray = np.mean(img,-1)
        #r,g,b = img[:,;,0],img[:,:,1],img[:,:,2]
        #gray = 0.2989*r + 0.5870*g + 0.1140*b
        return gray
    else:
        return img
        
        
""" 
cnn在图像大小是2的倍数时性能最高, 如果你用的图像大小不是2的倍数，可以在图像边缘补无用像素。 
np.pad(image,((2,3),(2,2)), 'constant', constant_values=(255,))  # 在图像上补2行，下补3行，左补2行，右补2行 
"""  

char_set = number + alphabet + ALPHABET + ['_']
CHAR_SET_LEN = len(char_set)
def text2vec(text):
    text_len = len(text)
    if text_len > MAX_CAPTCHA:
        raise ValueError('vertification code max_char is 4!')
        
    vector = np.zeros(MAX_CAPTCHA*CHAR_SET_LEN)
    def char2pos(c):
        if c == '_':
            k = 62
            return k
        k = ord(c)-48
        if k > 9:
            k = ord(c) - 55
            if k > 35:
                k = ord(c) - 61
                if k > 61:
                    raise ValueError('No Map')
        return k
    
    for i,c in enumerate(text):
        idx = i*CHAR_SET_LEN + char2pos(c)
        vector[idx] = 1
    
    return vector
            
def vec2text(vec):
    char_pos = vec.nonzero()[0]
    text = []
    for i ,c in enumerate(char_pos):
        char_at_pos = i #c/63
        char_idx = c % CHAR_SET_LEN
        if char_idx < 10:
            char_code = char_idx + ord('0')
        elif char_idx < 36:
            char_code = char_idx - 10 + ord('A')
        elif char_idx < 62:
            char_code = char_idx - 36 + ord('a')
        elif char_idx == 62:
            char_code = ord('_')
        else:
            raise ValueError('error')
        text.append(chr(char_code))
    return "".join(text)
    
""" 
#向量（大小MAX_CAPTCHA*CHAR_SET_LEN）用0,1编码 每63个编码一个字符，这样顺利有，字符也有 
vec = text2vec("F5Sd") 
text = vec2text(vec) 
print(text)  # F5Sd 
vec = text2vec("SFd5") 
text = vec2text(vec) 
print(text)  # SFd5 
"""     
def get_next_batch(batch_size = 128):
    batch_x = np.zeros([batch_size, IMAGE_HEIGHT*IMAGE_WIDTH])
    batch_y = np.zeros([batch_size, MAX_CAPTCHA*CHAR_SET_LEN])
    
    def warp_gen_captcha_text_and_image():
        while True:
            text, image = gen_captcha_text_and_image()
            if image.shape == (60,160,3):
                return text,image
    
    for i in range(batch_size):
        text,image = warp_gen_captcha_text_and_image()
        image = convertBgr2Gray(image)
        
        batch_x[i,:] = image.flatten() / 255 #(image.flatten() - 128)/128  mean=0
        batch_y[i,:] = text2vec(text)
        
    return batch_x, batch_y
    
X = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, IMAGE_HEIGHT*IMAGE_WIDTH])
Y = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, MAX_CAPTCHA*CHAR_SET_LEN])
keep_prob = tf.placeholder(tf.float32) #dropout

#define cnn
def crack_captcha_cnn(w_alpha=0.01, b_alpha=0.1):
    x = tf.reshape(X, shape=[-1,IMAGE_HEIGHT, IMAGE_WIDTH,1])
    
    #3 conv layer
    w_c1 = tf.Variable(w_alpha*tf.random_normal([3,3,1,32]))
    b_c1 = tf.Variable(b_alpha*tf.random_normal([32]))
    conv1 = tf.nn.relu(tf.nn.bias_add(tf.nn.conv2d(x,w_c1, strides=[1,1,1,1], padding='SAME'), b_c1))
    conv1 = tf.nn.max_pool(conv1, ksize=[1,2,2,1],strides=[1,2,2,1], padding='SAME')
    conv1 = tf.nn.dropout(conv1,keep_prob)
    
    w_c2 = tf.Variable(w_alpha*tf.random_normal([3,3,32,64]))
    b_c2 = tf.Variable(b_alpha*tf.random_normal([64]))
    conv2 = tf.nn.relu(tf.nn.bias_add(tf.nn.conv2d(conv1,w_c2,strides = [1,1,1,1], padding='SAME'),b_c2))
    conv2 = tf.nn.max_pool(conv2,ksize=[1,2,2,1], strides=[1,2,2,1], padding='SAME')
    conv2 = tf.nn.dropout(conv2,keep_prob)
    
    w_c3 = tf.Variable(w_alpha*tf.random_normal([3,3,64,64]))
    b_c3 = tf.Variable(b_alpha*tf.random_normal([64]))
    conv3 = tf.nn.relu(tf.nn.bias_add(tf.nn.conv2d(conv2, w_c3, strides=[1,1,1,1], padding='SAME'), b_c3))
    conv3 = tf.nn.max_pool(conv3, ksize=[1,2,2,1], strides=[1,2,2,1],padding='SAME')
    conv3 = tf.nn.dropout(conv3, keep_prob)
    
    #fully connected layer
    w_d = tf.Variable(w_alpha*tf.random_normal([8*32*40, 1024]))
    b_d = tf.Variable(b_alpha*tf.random_normal([1024]))
    dense = tf.reshape(conv3, [-1,w_d.get_shape().as_list()[0]])
    dense = tf.nn.relu(tf.add(tf.matmul(dense,w_d),b_d))
    dense = tf.nn.dropout(dense, keep_prob)
    
    w_out = tf.Variable(w_alpha*tf.random_normal([1024,MAX_CAPTCHA*CHAR_SET_LEN]))
    b_out = tf.Variable(b_alpha*tf.random_normal([MAX_CAPTCHA*CHAR_SET_LEN]))
    out = tf.add(tf.matmul(dense,w_out), b_out)
    #out = tf.nn.softmax(out)
    return out
    
    
def train_crack_captcha_cnn():
    output = crack_captcha_cnn()
    
    loss = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.sigmoid_cross_entropy_with_logits(labels=output,logits=Y))
    optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate=0.001).minimize(loss)
    
    predict = tf.reshape(output, [-1, MAX_CAPTCHA, CHAR_SET_LEN])
    max_idx_p = tf.argmax(predict,2)
    max_idx_l = tf.argmax(tf.reshape(Y,[-1, MAX_CAPTCHA, CHAR_SET_LEN]), 2)
    correct_pred = tf.equal(max_idx_p, max_idx_l)
    accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_pred, tf.float32))
    
    saver = tf.train.Saver()
    with tf.Session() as sess:
        sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
        
        step = 0
        while True:
            batch_x, batch_y = get_next_batch(64)
            _,loss_ = sess.run([optimizer,loss], feed_dict={X:batch_x, Y:batch_y, keep_prob:0.75})
            print(step, loss_)
            
            if step % 100 == 0:
                batch_x_test,batch_y_test = get_next_batch(100)
                acc = sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={X:batch_x_test, Y:batch_y_test, keep_prob:1.})
                print(step,acc)
                
                if acc > 0.5:
                    saver.save(sess, "crack_captcha.model", global_step=step)
                    break
        step += 1
        

        
               
                    
           
            
train_crack_captcha_cnn()

验证码识别

#vertifing
def crack_captcha(captcha_image):
    output = crack_captcha_cnn()
    
    saver = tf.train.Saver()
    with tf.Session() as sess:
        saver.restore(sess, tf.train.latest_checkpoint('.'))
        
        predict = tf.argmax(tf.reshape(output, [-1,MAX_CAPTCHA, CHAR_SET_LEN]), 2)
        text_list = sess.run(predict, feed_dict={X:[captcha_image], keep_prob:1})
        text = text_list[0].tolist()
        return text
        
text,image = gen_captcha_text_and_image()
image = convertBgr2Gray(image)
iamge = image.flatten()/255
predict_text = crack_captcha(image)
print("right:{} predict:{}".format(text, predict_text))