目录
标准光照模型
自发光部分,描述当给定一个方向时,一个表面本身会向该方向发射多少辐射量;
高光反射部分,用于描述当光线从光源照射到模型表面时,该表面会在完全镜面反射方向散射多少辐射量;
漫反射部分,当光线从光源照射到环境表面时,该表面会向每个方向散射多少辐射量;
环境光部分,用于描述其他所有的间接光照。
漫反射和高光反射的计算公式
漫反射:符合兰伯特定律,C diffuse=(c light* m diffuse)max(0,n * I)
n是表面法线,I是指向光源的单位矢量,m diffuse是材质的漫反射颜色,c light是光源颜色
高光反射:需要知道表面法线,视角方向,光源方向,反射方向,
r = 2(n^ * 1)n^ -1,Cspscular = (clight * mspecular)max(0,v^ * r)
Blinn-Phong光照模型
并不完全符合世界中的光照现象,使用漫反射和高光反射的和来对反射光找进行建模的基本思想,并且提出了基于经验的计算高光反射的方法;
此模型是各向同性的,当我们固定视角和房源方向旋转这个表面时,反射不会发生任何改变。
逐顶点漫反射光照模型
Shader "Unity Shaders Book/Chapter 6/Diffuse Vertex-Level" {
Properties{
_Diffuse("Diffuse", Color) = (1, 1, 1, 1)
}
SubShader{
Pass {
Tags { "LightMode" = "ForwardBase" }
CGPROGRAM
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
#include "Lighting.cginc"
fixed4 _Diffuse;
struct a2v {
float4 vertex : POSITION;
float3 normal : NORMAL;
};
struct v2f {
float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
fixed3 color : COLOR;
};
v2f vert(a2v v) {
v2f o;
// Transform the vertex from object space to projection space
o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
// Get ambient term
fixed3 ambient = UNITY_LIGHTMODEL_AMBIENT.xyz;
// Transform the normal from object space to world space
fixed3 worldNormal = normalize(mul(v.normal, (float3x3)unity_WorldToObject));
// Get the light direction in world space
fixed3 worldLight = normalize(_WorldSpaceLightPos0.xyz);
// Compute diffuse term
fixed3 diffuse = _LightColor0.rgb * _Diffuse.rgb * saturate(dot(worldNormal, worldLight));
o.color = ambient + diffuse;
return o;
}
fixed4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target {
return fixed4(i.color, 1.0);
}
ENDCG
}
}
FallBack "Diffuse"
逐像素漫反射光照模型
Shader "Unity Shaders Book/Chapter 6/Diffuse Pixel-Level" {
Properties{
_Diffuse("Diffuse", Color) = (1, 1, 1, 1)
}
SubShader{
Pass {
Tags { "LightMode" = "ForwardBase" }
CGPROGRAM
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
#include "Lighting.cginc"
fixed4 _Diffuse;
struct a2v {
float4 vertex : POSITION;
float3 normal : NORMAL;
};
struct v2f {
float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
float3 worldNormal : TEXCOORD0;
};
v2f vert(a2v v) {
v2f o;
// Transform the vertex from object space to projection space
o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
// Transform the normal from object space to world space
o.worldNormal = mul(v.normal, (float3x3)unity_WorldToObject);
return o;
}
fixed4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target {
// Get ambient term
fixed3 ambient = UNITY_LIGHTMODEL_AMBIENT.xyz;
// Get the normal in world space
fixed3 worldNormal = normalize(i.worldNormal);
// Get the light direction in world space
fixed3 worldLightDir = normalize(_WorldSpaceLightPos0.xyz);
// Compute diffuse term
fixed3 diffuse = _LightColor0.rgb * _Diffuse.rgb * saturate(dot(worldNormal, worldLightDir));
fixed3 color = ambient + diffuse;
return fixed4(color, 1.0);
}
ENDCG
}
}
FallBack "Diffuse"
}
逐顶点高光反射光照模型
Shader "Unity Shaders Book/Chapter 6/Specular Vertex-Level" {
Properties{
_Diffuse("Diffuse", Color) = (1, 1, 1, 1)
_Specular("Specular", Color) = (1, 1, 1, 1)
_Gloss("Gloss", Range(8.0, 256)) = 20
}
SubShader{
Pass {
Tags { "LightMode" = "ForwardBase" }
CGPROGRAM
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
#include "Lighting.cginc"
fixed4 _Diffuse;
fixed4 _Specular;
float _Gloss;
struct a2v {
float4 vertex : POSITION;
float3 normal : NORMAL;
};
struct v2f {
float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
fixed3 color : COLOR;
};
v2f vert(a2v v) {
v2f o;
// Transform the vertex from object space to projection space
o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
// Get ambient term
fixed3 ambient = UNITY_LIGHTMODEL_AMBIENT.xyz;
// Transform the normal from object space to world space
fixed3 worldNormal = normalize(mul(v.normal, (float3x3)unity_WorldToObject));
// Get the light direction in world space
fixed3 worldLightDir = normalize(_WorldSpaceLightPos0.xyz);
// Compute diffuse term
fixed3 diffuse = _LightColor0.rgb * _Diffuse.rgb * saturate(dot(worldNormal, worldLightDir));
// Get the reflect direction in world space
fixed3 reflectDir = normalize(reflect(-worldLightDir, worldNormal));
// Get the view direction in world space
fixed3 viewDir = normalize(_WorldSpaceCameraPos.xyz - mul(unity_ObjectToWorld, v.vertex).xyz);
// Compute specular term
fixed3 specular = _LightColor0.rgb * _Specular.rgb * pow(saturate(dot(reflectDir, viewDir)), _Gloss);
o.color = ambient + diffuse + specular;
return o;
}
fixed4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target {
return fixed4(i.color, 1.0);
}
ENDCG
}
}
FallBack "Specular"
}
逐像素高光反射光照模型
Shader "Unity Shaders Book/Chapter 6/Specular Pixel-Level" {
Properties{
_Diffuse("Diffuse", Color) = (1, 1, 1, 1)
_Specular("Specular", Color) = (1, 1, 1, 1)
_Gloss("Gloss", Range(8.0, 256)) = 20
}
SubShader{
Pass {
Tags { "LightMode" = "ForwardBase" }
CGPROGRAM
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
#include "Lighting.cginc"
fixed4 _Diffuse;
fixed4 _Specular;
float _Gloss;
struct a2v {
float4 vertex : POSITION;
float3 normal : NORMAL;
};
struct v2f {
float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
float3 worldNormal : TEXCOORD0;
float3 worldPos : TEXCOORD1;
};
v2f vert(a2v v) {
v2f o;
// Transform the vertex from object space to projection space
o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
// Transform the normal from object space to world space
o.worldNormal = mul(v.normal, (float3x3)unity_WorldToObject);
// Transform the vertex from object spacet to world space
o.worldPos = mul(unity_ObjectToWorld, v.vertex).xyz;
return o;
}
fixed4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target {
// Get ambient term
fixed3 ambient = UNITY_LIGHTMODEL_AMBIENT.xyz;
fixed3 worldNormal = normalize(i.worldNormal);
fixed3 worldLightDir = normalize(_WorldSpaceLightPos0.xyz);
// Compute diffuse term
fixed3 diffuse = _LightColor0.rgb * _Diffuse.rgb * saturate(dot(worldNormal, worldLightDir));
// Get the reflect direction in world space
fixed3 reflectDir = normalize(reflect(-worldLightDir, worldNormal));
// Get the view direction in world space
fixed3 viewDir = normalize(_WorldSpaceCameraPos.xyz - i.worldPos.xyz);
// Compute specular term
fixed3 specular = _LightColor0.rgb * _Specular.rgb * pow(saturate(dot(reflectDir, viewDir)), _Gloss);
return fixed4(ambient + diffuse + specular, 1.0);
}
ENDCG
}
}
FallBack "Specular"
}
Blinn-Phong光照模型
Shader "Unity Shaders Book/Chapter 6/Blinn-Phong" {
Properties{
_Diffuse("Diffuse", Color) = (1, 1, 1, 1)
_Specular("Specular", Color) = (1, 1, 1, 1)
_Gloss("Gloss", Range(8.0, 256)) = 20
}
SubShader{
Pass {
Tags { "LightMode" = "ForwardBase" }
CGPROGRAM
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
#include "Lighting.cginc"
fixed4 _Diffuse;
fixed4 _Specular;
float _Gloss;
struct a2v {
float4 vertex : POSITION;
float3 normal : NORMAL;
};
struct v2f {
float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
float3 worldNormal : TEXCOORD0;
float3 worldPos : TEXCOORD1;
};
v2f vert(a2v v) {
v2f o;
// Transform the vertex from object space to projection space
o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
// Transform the normal from object space to world space
o.worldNormal = mul(v.normal, (float3x3)unity_WorldToObject);
// Transform the vertex from object spacet to world space
o.worldPos = mul(unity_ObjectToWorld, v.vertex).xyz;
return o;
}
fixed4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target {
// Get ambient term
fixed3 ambient = UNITY_LIGHTMODEL_AMBIENT.xyz;
fixed3 worldNormal = normalize(i.worldNormal);
fixed3 worldLightDir = normalize(_WorldSpaceLightPos0.xyz);
// Compute diffuse term
fixed3 diffuse = _LightColor0.rgb * _Diffuse.rgb * max(0, dot(worldNormal, worldLightDir));
// Get the view direction in world space
fixed3 viewDir = normalize(_WorldSpaceCameraPos.xyz - i.worldPos.xyz);
// Get the half direction in world space
fixed3 halfDir = normalize(worldLightDir + viewDir);
// Compute specular term
fixed3 specular = _LightColor0.rgb * _Specular.rgb * pow(max(0, dot(worldNormal, halfDir)), _Gloss);
return fixed4(ambient + diffuse + specular, 1.0);
}
ENDCG
}
}
FallBack "Specular"
}