OpenGL之坐标系统练习

/************************************************************/
/***************in cpp***************************************/
/************************************************************/	

// build and compile our shader zprogram
	// ------------------------------------
	Shader ourShader("6.1.coordinate_systems.vs", "6.1.coordinate_systems.fs");

	[...]

	glm::mat4 projection = glm::mat4(1.0f);
	projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(45.0f), (float)SCR_WIDTH / (float)SCR_HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f);
	// note: currently we set the projection matrix each frame, but since the projection matrix rarely changes it's often best practice to set it outside the main loop only once.
	ourShader.setMat4("projection", projection);

	// render loop
	// -----------
	while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
	{
		[...]

		// create transformations
		glm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f); // make sure to initialize matrix to identity matrix first
		glm::mat4 view = glm::mat4(1.0f);
		model = glm::rotate(model, glm::radians(-55.0f), glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
		view = glm::translate(view, glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, -3.0f));
		// retrieve the matrix uniform locations
		unsigned int modelLoc = glGetUniformLocation(ourShader.ID, "model");
		unsigned int viewLoc = glGetUniformLocation(ourShader.ID, "view");
		// pass them to the shaders (3 different ways)
		glUniformMatrix4fv(modelLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(model));
		glUniformMatrix4fv(viewLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, &view[0][0]);

[...]


/************************************************************/
/***************in 6.1.coordinate_systems.fs***************************************/
/************************************************************/	
#version 330 core
out vec4 FragColor;

in vec2 TexCoord;

// texture samplers
uniform sampler2D texture1;
uniform sampler2D texture2;

void main()
{
	// linearly interpolate between both textures (80% container, 20% awesomeface)
	FragColor = mix(texture(texture1, TexCoord), texture(texture2, TexCoord), 1);
}


/************************************************************/
/***************in 6.1.coordinate_systems.vs***************************************/
/************************************************************/	

#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
layout (location = 1) in vec2 aTexCoord;

out vec2 TexCoord;

uniform mat4 model;
uniform mat4 view;
uniform mat4 projection;

void main()
{
	gl_Position = projection * view * model * vec4(aPos, 1.0);
	TexCoord = vec2(aTexCoord.x, aTexCoord.y);
}

/************************************************************/
/***************in Shader_m.h***************************************/
/************************************************************/	
#ifndef SHADER_H
#define SHADER_H

#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <glm/glm.hpp>

#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
#include <iostream>

class Shader
{
public:
	unsigned int ID;
	// constructor generates the shader on the fly
	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
	Shader(const char* vertexPath, const char* fragmentPath, const char* geometryPath = nullptr)
	{
		// 1. retrieve the vertex/fragment source code from filePath
		std::string vertexCode;
		std::string fragmentCode;
		std::string geometryCode;
		std::ifstream vShaderFile;
		std::ifstream fShaderFile;
		std::ifstream gShaderFile;
		// ensure ifstream objects can throw exceptions:
		vShaderFile.exceptions(std::ifstream::failbit | std::ifstream::badbit);
		fShaderFile.exceptions(std::ifstream::failbit | std::ifstream::badbit);
		gShaderFile.exceptions(std::ifstream::failbit | std::ifstream::badbit);
		try
		{
			// open files
			vShaderFile.open(vertexPath);
			fShaderFile.open(fragmentPath);
			std::stringstream vShaderStream, fShaderStream;
			// read file's buffer contents into streams
			vShaderStream << vShaderFile.rdbuf();
			fShaderStream << fShaderFile.rdbuf();
			// close file handlers
			vShaderFile.close();
			fShaderFile.close();
			// convert stream into string
			vertexCode = vShaderStream.str();
			fragmentCode = fShaderStream.str();
			// if geometry shader path is present, also load a geometry shader
			if (geometryPath != nullptr)
			{
				gShaderFile.open(geometryPath);
				std::stringstream gShaderStream;
				gShaderStream << gShaderFile.rdbuf();
				gShaderFile.close();
				geometryCode = gShaderStream.str();
			}
		}
		catch (std::ifstream::failure& e)
		{
			std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::FILE_NOT_SUCCESFULLY_READ" << std::endl;
		}
		const char* vShaderCode = vertexCode.c_str();
		const char * fShaderCode = fragmentCode.c_str();
		// 2. compile shaders
		unsigned int vertex, fragment;
		// vertex shader
		vertex = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
		glShaderSource(vertex, 1, &vShaderCode, NULL);
		glCompileShader(vertex);
		checkCompileErrors(vertex, "VERTEX");
		// fragment Shader
		fragment = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
		glShaderSource(fragment, 1, &fShaderCode, NULL);
		glCompileShader(fragment);
		checkCompileErrors(fragment, "FRAGMENT");
		// if geometry shader is given, compile geometry shader
		unsigned int geometry;
		if (geometryPath != nullptr)
		{
			const char * gShaderCode = geometryCode.c_str();
			geometry = glCreateShader(GL_GEOMETRY_SHADER);
			glShaderSource(geometry, 1, &gShaderCode, NULL);
			glCompileShader(geometry);
			checkCompileErrors(geometry, "GEOMETRY");
		}
		// shader Program
		ID = glCreateProgram();
		glAttachShader(ID, vertex);
		glAttachShader(ID, fragment);
		if (geometryPath != nullptr)
			glAttachShader(ID, geometry);
		glLinkProgram(ID);
		checkCompileErrors(ID, "PROGRAM");
		// delete the shaders as they're linked into our program now and no longer necessery
		glDeleteShader(vertex);
		glDeleteShader(fragment);
		if (geometryPath != nullptr)
			glDeleteShader(geometry);

	}
	// activate the shader
	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
	void use()
	{
		glUseProgram(ID);
	}
	// utility uniform functions
	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
	void setBool(const std::string &name, bool value) const
	{
		glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), (int)value);
	}
	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
	void setInt(const std::string &name, int value) const
	{
		glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), value);
	}
	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
	void setFloat(const std::string &name, float value) const
	{
		glUniform1f(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), value);
	}
	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
	void setVec2(const std::string &name, const glm::vec2 &value) const
	{
		glUniform2fv(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), 1, &value[0]);
	}
	void setVec2(const std::string &name, float x, float y) const
	{
		glUniform2f(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), x, y);
	}
	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
	void setVec3(const std::string &name, const glm::vec3 &value) const
	{
		glUniform3fv(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), 1, &value[0]);
	}
	void setVec3(const std::string &name, float x, float y, float z) const
	{
		glUniform3f(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), x, y, z);
	}
	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
	void setVec4(const std::string &name, const glm::vec4 &value) const
	{
		glUniform4fv(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), 1, &value[0]);
	}
	void setVec4(const std::string &name, float x, float y, float z, float w)
	{
		glUniform4f(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), x, y, z, w);
	}
	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
	void setMat2(const std::string &name, const glm::mat2 &mat) const
	{
		glUniformMatrix2fv(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), 1, GL_FALSE, &mat[0][0]);
	}
	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
	void setMat3(const std::string &name, const glm::mat3 &mat) const
	{
		glUniformMatrix3fv(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), 1, GL_FALSE, &mat[0][0]);
	}
	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
	void setMat4(const std::string &name, const glm::mat4 &mat) const
	{
		glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), 1, GL_FALSE, &mat[0][0]);
	}

private:
	// utility function for checking shader compilation/linking errors.
	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
	void checkCompileErrors(GLuint shader, std::string type)
	{
		GLint success;
		GLchar infoLog[1024];
		if (type != "PROGRAM")
		{
			glGetShaderiv(shader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
			if (!success)
			{
				glGetShaderInfoLog(shader, 1024, NULL, infoLog);
				std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER_COMPILATION_ERROR of type: " << type << "\n" << infoLog << "\n -- --------------------------------------------------- -- " << std::endl;
			}
		}
		else
		{
			glGetProgramiv(shader, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
			if (!success)
			{
				glGetProgramInfoLog(shader, 1024, NULL, infoLog);
				std::cout << "ERROR::PROGRAM_LINKING_ERROR of type: " << type << "\n" << infoLog << "\n -- --------------------------------------------------- -- " << std::endl;
			}
		}
	}
};
#endif

练习

让2D图片有如下效果：

稍微向后倾斜至地板方向。

离我们有一些距离。

有透视效果（顶点越远，变得越小）

效果图：