题1
请列举出课堂讲授的各种颜色空间,并指出每个通道的含义。
答:
-
RGB:R:红(Red);G:绿(Green);B:蓝(Blue)
-
NTSC:Y是提供黑白电视及彩色电视的亮度信号(Luminance),即亮度(Brightness);I代表In-phase,色彩从橙色到青色,Q代表Quadrature-phase,色彩从紫色到黄绿色
-
YCbCr:三通道。Y:流明(luminance),表示光的浓度且为非线性,使用伽马修正(gamma correction)编码处理;Cb和Cr则为蓝色和红色的浓度偏移量成分
-
HSI:三通道。色相(H)是色彩的基本属性,就是平常所说的颜色名称,如红色、黄色等;
饱和度(S)是指色彩的纯度,越高色彩越纯,低则逐渐变灰,取0-100%的数值。
明度(V),是亮度,取0-100%。 -
CMY & CMYK:C(Cyan):青色;M(Magenta):洋红色,又称为“品红色”;Y(Yellow): 黄色;K(black):黑色,
题2
r,g,b是RGB彩色空间沿R,G,B轴的单位向量,定义向量
u
=
∂
R
∂
x
r
+
∂
G
∂
x
g
+
∂
B
∂
x
b
u=\frac{\partial R}{\partial x}r+\frac{\partial G}{\partial x}g+\frac{\partial B}{\partial x}b
u=∂x∂Rr+∂x∂Gg+∂x∂Bb 和
v
=
∂
R
∂
y
r
+
∂
G
∂
y
g
+
∂
B
∂
y
b
v=\frac{\partial R}{\partial y}r+\frac{\partial G}{\partial y}g+\frac{\partial B}{\partial y}b
v=∂y∂Rr+∂y∂Gg+∂y∂Bb,
g
x
x
,
g
y
y
,
g
x
y
g_{xx},\ g_{yy},\ g_{xy}
gxx, gyy, gxy 定义为这些向量的点乘:
推导出最大变换率方向
θ
\theta
θ和
(
x
,
y
)
(x,y)
(x,y)点在
θ
\theta
θ方向上变化率的值
F
(
θ
)
F(\theta)
F(θ)
答:
即求当
θ
\theta
θ取何值时,
∣
u
⃗
cos
θ
+
v
⃗
sin
θ
∣
2
{\left| {\vec u\cos \theta + \vec v\sin \theta } \right|^2}
∣ucosθ+vsinθ∣2取得最大值
∣
u
⃗
cos
θ
+
v
⃗
sin
θ
∣
2
=
g
x
x
cos
2
θ
+
g
y
y
sin
2
θ
+
2
g
x
y
sin
θ
cos
θ
=
g
x
x
cos
2
θ
+
1
2
+
g
y
y
1
−
cos
2
θ
2
+
g
x
y
sin
2
θ
=
1
2
[
(
g
x
y
+
g
y
y
)
+
(
g
x
x
−
g
y
y
)
c
o
s
2
θ
+
2
g
x
y
s
i
n
2
θ
]
\begin{array}{l} {\left| {\vec u\cos \theta + \vec v\sin \theta } \right|^2} = {g_{xx}}{\cos ^2}\theta + {g_{yy}}{\sin ^2}\theta + 2{g_{xy}}\sin \theta \cos \theta \\ \;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; = {g_{xx}}\frac{{\cos 2\theta + 1}}{2} + {g_{yy}}\frac{{1 - \cos 2\theta }}{2} + {g_{xy}}\sin 2\theta \\ \;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; = \frac{1}{2}[\left( {{g_{xy}} + {g_{yy}}} \right) + \left( {{g_{xx}} - {g_{yy}}} \right)cos2\theta + 2{g_{xy}}sin2\theta ] \end{array}
∣ucosθ+vsinθ∣2=gxxcos2θ+gyysin2θ+2gxysinθcosθ=gxx2cos2θ+1+gyy21−cos2θ+gxysin2θ=21[(gxy+gyy)+(gxx−gyy)cos2θ+2gxysin2θ]
当
∂
∂
θ
∣
u
⃗
cos
θ
+
v
⃗
sin
θ
∣
2
=
0
\frac{\partial }{{\partial \theta }}{\left| {\vec u\cos \theta + \vec v\sin \theta } \right|^2} = 0
∂θ∂∣ucosθ+vsinθ∣2=0时,
∣
u
⃗
cos
θ
+
v
⃗
sin
θ
∣
2
{\left| {\vec u\cos \theta + \vec v\sin \theta } \right|^2}
∣ucosθ+vsinθ∣2取得最大值
即
∂
∂
θ
1
2
[
(
g
x
y
+
g
y
y
)
+
(
g
x
x
−
g
y
y
)
c
o
s
2
θ
+
2
g
x
y
s
i
n
2
θ
]
=
0
\frac{\partial }{{\partial \theta }}\frac{1}{2}[\left( {{g_{xy}} + {g_{yy}}} \right) + \left( {{g_{xx}} - {g_{yy}}} \right)cos2\theta + 2{g_{xy}}sin2\theta ] = 0
∂θ∂21[(gxy+gyy)+(gxx−gyy)cos2θ+2gxysin2θ]=0
解得
tan
2
θ
=
2
g
x
y
g
x
x
−
g
y
y
\tan 2\theta = \frac{{2{g_{xy}}}}{{{g_{xx}} - {g_{yy}}}}
tan2θ=gxx−gyy2gxy,即
θ
=
1
2
arctan
2
g
x
y
g
x
x
−
g
y
y
\theta = \frac{1}{2}\arctan \frac{{2{g_{xy}}}}{{{g_{xx}} - {g_{yy}}}}
θ=21arctangxx−gyy2gxy
角度
θ
(
x
,
y
)
\theta \left( {x,y} \right)
θ(x,y)方向上点
(
x
,
y
)
\left( {x,y} \right)
(x,y)处的变化率的值为
F
(
θ
)
=
∣
u
⃗
cos
θ
(
x
,
y
)
+
v
⃗
sin
θ
(
x
,
y
)
∣
=
∣
u
⃗
cos
θ
(
x
,
y
)
+
v
⃗
sin
θ
(
x
,
y
)
∣
2
=
1
2
[
(
g
x
y
+
g
y
y
)
+
(
g
x
x
−
g
y
y
)
c
o
s
2
θ
(
x
,
y
)
+
2
g
x
y
s
i
n
2
θ
(
x
,
y
)
]
\begin{array}{l} F\left( \theta \right) = \left| {\vec u\cos \theta \left( {x,y} \right) + \vec v\sin \theta \left( {x,y} \right)} \right|\\ \;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;{\rm{ = }}\sqrt {{{\left| {\vec u\cos \theta \left( {x,y} \right) + \vec v\sin \theta \left( {x,y} \right)} \right|}^2}} \\ \;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;{\rm{ = }}\sqrt {\frac{1}{2}[\left( {{g_{xy}} + {g_{yy}}} \right) + \left( {{g_{xx}} - {g_{yy}}} \right)cos2\theta \left( {x,y} \right) + 2{g_{xy}}sin2\theta \left( {x,y} \right)]} \end{array}
F(θ)=∣ucosθ(x,y)+vsinθ(x,y)∣=∣ucosθ(x,y)+vsinθ(x,y)∣2=21[(gxy+gyy)+(gxx−gyy)cos2θ(x,y)+2gxysin2θ(x,y)]