K e K_e Ke与 K t K_t Kt 的关系
电机的电功可表示为:
P
e
=
3
V
n
I
n
(1)
P_e = 3V_nI_n\tag{1}
Pe=3VnIn(1)
其中的
V
n
,
I
n
V_n,I_n
Vn,In分别为相电压和相电流有效值,单位是V和A。
输出机械功率可表示为:
P
m
=
T
e
ω
(2)
P_m=T_e\omega\tag{2}
Pm=Teω(2)
T
e
,
ω
T_e,\omega
Te,ω分别为电磁转矩和转速,单位分别是
N
m
,
r
a
d
/
s
Nm, rad/s
Nm,rad/s
在不考虑损耗的情况下可以认为
P
e
=
P
m
P_e=P_m
Pe=Pm
在忽略电阻电感压降的情况下可近似认为相电压等于相反电动势
E
n
E_n
En,这种假设也是合理的,因为反电动势与输入电压的差值基本上在于定子电阻压降,而这部分属于损耗,没有输出到机械轴上。由此可得:
P
e
=
3
E
n
I
n
=
P
m
=
T
e
ω
(3)
P_e= 3E_nI_n=P_m=T_e\omega\tag{3}
Pe=3EnIn=Pm=Teω(3)
而反电动势
E
n
=
K
e
n
ω
E_n=K_{en}\omega
En=Kenω,代入上式可得:
3
K
e
n
ω
I
n
=
T
e
ω
(4)
3K_{en}\omega I_n=T_e\omega\tag{4}
3KenωIn=Teω(4)
两边消去
ω
\omega
ω可得:
3
K
e
n
⋅
I
n
=
T
e
(5)
3K_{en}\cdot I_n=T_e\tag{5}
3Ken⋅In=Te(5)
这就把电流和转矩联系上了。
但是上式中的量纲与常用的量纲有一点区别,通常
K
e
K_e
Ke的单位为
V
l
p
/
k
r
p
m
V_{lp}/krpm
Vlp/krpm(线电压峰值),而电压为线电压,因此
K
e
n
K_{en}
Ken与
K
e
K_e
Ke的关系如下:
K
e
n
=
60
⋅
K
e
1000
⋅
2
π
⋅
2
⋅
3
(6)
K_{en} = \frac{60\cdot K_e}{1000\cdot 2\pi\cdot \sqrt{2}\cdot \sqrt{3}} \tag{6}
Ken=1000⋅2π⋅2⋅360⋅Ke(6)
将(6)式代入(5)式可得:
3
60
⋅
K
e
⋅
I
n
1000
⋅
2
π
⋅
2
⋅
3
=
T
e
(7)
3\frac{60\cdot K_e\cdot I_n}{1000\cdot 2\pi\cdot \sqrt{2}\cdot \sqrt{3}} =T_e\tag{7}
31000⋅2π⋅2⋅360⋅Ke⋅In=Te(7)
因此可得:
K
t
=
3
⋅
60
1000
⋅
2
π
⋅
2
⋅
K
e
≈
0.011695
K
e
(8)
K_t = \frac{\sqrt{3}\cdot 60}{1000\cdot 2\pi\cdot \sqrt{2}}\cdot K_e\approx 0.011695K_e \tag{8}
Kt=1000⋅2π⋅23⋅60⋅Ke≈0.011695Ke(8)
T e = K t ⋅ I n (9) T_e = K_t \cdot I_n\tag{9} Te=Kt⋅In(9)
在程序中通常用
I
q
I_q
Iq,而
I
q
I_q
Iq通常等于相电流的幅值:
I
n
=
I
q
/
2
(10)
I_n=I_q / \sqrt{2}\tag{10}
In=Iq/2(10)
将
(
10
)
(10)
(10)代入
(
9
)
(9)
(9)可得:
T
e
=
K
t
⋅
I
q
/
2
=
3
⋅
60
1000
⋅
2
π
⋅
2
⋅
K
e
⋅
I
q
=
K
t
′
⋅
I
q
(11)
T_e = K_t \cdot I_q / \sqrt{2}=\frac{\sqrt{3}\cdot 60}{1000\cdot 2\pi\cdot 2}\cdot K_e\cdot I_q=K^{'}_t\cdot I_q\tag{11}
Te=Kt⋅Iq/2=1000⋅2π⋅23⋅60⋅Ke⋅Iq=Kt′⋅Iq(11)
K
t
′
=
K
t
/
2
=
3
⋅
60
1000
⋅
2
π
⋅
2
⋅
K
e
≈
0.00826998
K
e
(12)
K^{'}_t = K_t/\sqrt{2}=\frac{\sqrt{3}\cdot 60}{1000\cdot 2\pi\cdot 2}\cdot K_e\approx 0.00826998K_e\tag{12}
Kt′=Kt/2=1000⋅2π⋅23⋅60⋅Ke≈0.00826998Ke(12)
K e K_e Ke与 ψ f \psi_f ψf的关系
E
n
=
K
e
n
⋅
ω
m
=
ω
e
⋅
ψ
f
/
2
(13)
E_n = K_{en}\cdot \omega_m = \omega_e \cdot \psi_f / \sqrt{2}\tag{13}
En=Ken⋅ωm=ωe⋅ψf/2(13)
⇒
ψ
f
=
2
K
e
n
ω
m
ω
e
=
2
K
e
n
/
P
(14)
\Rightarrow \psi_f = \sqrt{2} K_{en}\frac{\omega_m}{\omega_e} = \sqrt{2}K_{en}/P\tag{14}
⇒ψf=2Kenωeωm=2Ken/P(14)
上式中的
P
P
P为极对数.
将(6)式代入(14)式
⇒
ψ
f
=
2
K
e
n
/
P
=
60
2
⋅
K
e
1000
⋅
2
π
⋅
2
⋅
3
⋅
P
=
60
⋅
K
e
1000
⋅
2
π
⋅
3
⋅
P
(15)
\Rightarrow \psi_f = \sqrt{2}K_{en}/P = \frac{60\sqrt{2}\cdot K_e}{1000\cdot 2\pi\cdot \sqrt{2}\cdot \sqrt{3}\cdot P}=\frac{60\cdot K_e}{1000\cdot 2\pi \cdot \sqrt{3}\cdot P}\tag{15}
⇒ψf=2Ken/P=1000⋅2π⋅2⋅3⋅P602⋅Ke=1000⋅2π⋅3⋅P60⋅Ke(15)
K t K_t Kt与 ψ f \psi_f ψf的关系
将(8)式和(12)式反向整理并分别代入(15)式可得:
K
e
=
1000
⋅
2
π
⋅
2
3
⋅
60
⋅
K
t
(16)
K_e = \frac{1000\cdot 2\pi\cdot \sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{3}\cdot 60}\cdot K_t\tag{16}
Ke=3⋅601000⋅2π⋅2⋅Kt(16)
ψ f = 60 ⋅ K e 1000 ⋅ 2 π ⋅ 3 ⋅ P = 2 ⋅ K t 3 ⋅ P = 2 ⋅ K t ′ 3 ⋅ P (17) \psi_f =\frac{60\cdot K_e}{1000\cdot 2\pi \cdot \sqrt{3}\cdot P}=\frac{\sqrt{2}\cdot K_t}{3\cdot P}=\frac{2\cdot K^{'}_t}{3\cdot P}\tag{17} ψf=1000⋅2π⋅3⋅P60⋅Ke=3⋅P2⋅Kt=3⋅P2⋅Kt′(17)