PyQt5 —— 绘图

由于最近在学习pyqt5的相关知识，在网上找了几篇教程看，于是就写了这篇学习笔记。本文只是一些案例的代码以及演示，详细的讲解请看原文。

原文链接：https://zetcode.com/gui/pyqt5/
中文翻译：http://www.360doc.com/content/19/1022/14/12906439_868371487.shtml

QPainter
QPainter在小部件和其他绘画设备上执行低级绘画。它可以绘制从简单的线条到复杂形状的所有内容。

paintEvent方法
绘画是在paintEvent方法内完成的。绘画代码位于对象的begin和 end方法之间QPainter。它在小部件和其他绘画设备上执行低级绘画。

1、文本涂鸦

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QApplication
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPainter, QColor, QFont
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt


class Example(QWidget):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):

        self.text = "Лев Николаевич Толстой\nАнна Каренина"

        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 350, 300)
        self.setWindowTitle('Drawing text')
        self.show()

    def paintEvent(self, event):
        qp = QPainter()
        qp.begin(self)
        self.drawText(event, qp)
        qp.end()

    def drawText(self, event, qp):
        qp.setPen(QColor(168, 34, 3))
        qp.setFont(QFont('Decorative', 10))
        qp.drawText(event.rect(), Qt.AlignCenter, self.text)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

2、点的绘画

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QApplication
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPainter
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
import sys, random


class Example(QWidget):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 190)
        self.setWindowTitle('Points')
        self.show()

    def paintEvent(self, e):
        qp = QPainter()
        qp.begin(self)
        self.drawPoints(qp)
        qp.end()

    def drawPoints(self, qp):
        qp.setPen(Qt.red)
        size = self.size()

        if size.height() <= 1 or size.height() <= 1:
            return

        for i in range(10000):
            x = random.randint(1, size.width() - 1)
            y = random.randint(1, size.height() - 1)
            qp.drawPoint(x, y)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

3、颜色

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QApplication
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPainter, QColor, QBrush
import sys


class Example(QWidget):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 350, 100)
        self.setWindowTitle('Colours')
        self.show()

    def paintEvent(self, e):
        qp = QPainter()
        qp.begin(self)
        self.drawRectangles(qp)
        qp.end()

    def drawRectangles(self, qp):
        col = QColor(0, 0, 0)
        col.setNamedColor('#d4d4d4')
        qp.setPen(col)

        qp.setBrush(QColor(200, 0, 0))
        qp.drawRect(10, 15, 90, 60)

        qp.setBrush(QColor(255, 80, 0, 160))
        qp.drawRect(130, 15, 90, 60)

        qp.setBrush(QColor(25, 0, 90, 200))
        qp.drawRect(250, 15, 90, 60)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

4、QPen

QPen是一个基本的图形对象。它用于绘制矩形，椭圆形，多边形或其他形状的线，曲线和轮廓。

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QApplication
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPainter, QPen
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
import sys


class Example(QWidget):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 280, 270)
        self.setWindowTitle('Pen styles')
        self.show()

    def paintEvent(self, e):
        qp = QPainter()
        qp.begin(self)
        self.drawLines(qp)
        qp.end()

    def drawLines(self, qp):
        pen = QPen(Qt.black, 2, Qt.SolidLine)

        qp.setPen(pen)
        qp.drawLine(20, 40, 250, 40)

        pen.setStyle(Qt.DashLine)
        qp.setPen(pen)
        qp.drawLine(20, 80, 250, 80)

        pen.setStyle(Qt.DashDotLine)
        qp.setPen(pen)
        qp.drawLine(20, 120, 250, 120)

        pen.setStyle(Qt.DotLine)
        qp.setPen(pen)
        qp.drawLine(20, 160, 250, 160)

        pen.setStyle(Qt.DashDotDotLine)
        qp.setPen(pen)
        qp.drawLine(20, 200, 250, 200)

        pen.setStyle(Qt.CustomDashLine)
        pen.setDashPattern([1, 4, 5, 4])
        qp.setPen(pen)
        qp.drawLine(20, 240, 250, 240)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

5、QBrush

QBrush是基本图形对象。它用于绘制图形形状（例如矩形，椭圆形或多边形）的背景。笔刷可以具有三种不同类型：预定义笔刷，渐变或纹理图案。

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QApplication
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPainter, QBrush
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
import sys


class Example(QWidget):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 355, 280)
        self.setWindowTitle('Brushes')
        self.show()

    def paintEvent(self, e):
        qp = QPainter()
        qp.begin(self)
        self.drawBrushes(qp)
        qp.end()

    def drawBrushes(self, qp):
        brush = QBrush(Qt.SolidPattern)
        qp.setBrush(brush)
        qp.drawRect(10, 15, 90, 60)

        brush.setStyle(Qt.Dense1Pattern)
        qp.setBrush(brush)
        qp.drawRect(130, 15, 90, 60)

        brush.setStyle(Qt.Dense2Pattern)
        qp.setBrush(brush)
        qp.drawRect(250, 15, 90, 60)

        brush.setStyle(Qt.DiagCrossPattern)
        qp.setBrush(brush)
        qp.drawRect(10, 105, 90, 60)

        brush.setStyle(Qt.Dense5Pattern)
        qp.setBrush(brush)
        qp.drawRect(130, 105, 90, 60)

        brush.setStyle(Qt.Dense6Pattern)
        qp.setBrush(brush)
        qp.drawRect(250, 105, 90, 60)

        brush.setStyle(Qt.HorPattern)
        qp.setBrush(brush)
        qp.drawRect(10, 195, 90, 60)

        brush.setStyle(Qt.VerPattern)
        qp.setBrush(brush)
        qp.drawRect(130, 195, 90, 60)

        brush.setStyle(Qt.BDiagPattern)
        qp.setBrush(brush)
        qp.drawRect(250, 195, 90, 60)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

6、贝塞尔曲线

贝塞尔曲线是一条三次曲线。可以使用创建PyQt5中的贝塞尔曲线QPainterPath。绘制器路径是由许多图形构造块（例如矩形，椭圆形，直线和曲线）组成的对象。

import sys

from PyQt5.QtGui import QPainter, QPainterPath
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QApplication


class Example(QWidget):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 380, 250)
        self.setWindowTitle('Bézier curve')
        self.show()

    def paintEvent(self, e):
        qp = QPainter()
        qp.begin(self)
        qp.setRenderHint(QPainter.Antialiasing)
        self.drawBezierCurve(qp)
        qp.end()

    def drawBezierCurve(self, qp):
        path = QPainterPath()
        path.moveTo(30, 30)
        path.cubicTo(30, 30, 200, 350, 350, 30)

        qp.drawPath(path)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())