three.js 03-04 之 DirectionalLight 光源

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-20 16:00:00 发布

zhulx_sz

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-20 16:00:00 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zhulx_sz/article/details/78542014

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这一篇我们来看看剩下的最后一个基础光源 DirectionalLight （方向光或叫平行光）光源。这个光源可以看做是距离很远很远的光源，就像太阳。太阳离我们是如此的遥远，以至于所有的光线到达地球时都成了相互平行的光线了。方向光跟聚光灯光源之间的主要差别是：方向光不像聚光灯那样离目标越远越暗淡，被方向光光源照亮的整个区域接收到的光的强度是一样的。

下面来看一个完整的示例，代码如下所示：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>示例 03.04 - 方向光光源</title>
	<script src="../build/three.js"></script>
	<script src="../build/js/controls/OrbitControls.js"></script>
	<script src="../build/js/libs/stats.min.js"></script>
	<script src="../build/js/libs/dat.gui.min.js"></script>
	<script src="../jquery/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
    <style>
        body {
            /* 设置 margin 为 0，并且 overflow 为 hidden，来完成页面样式 */
            margin: 0;
            overflow: hidden;
        }
		/* 统计对象的样式 */
		#Stats-output {
			position: absolute;
			left: 0px;
			top: 0px;
		}
    </style>
</head>
<body>

<!-- 用于 WebGL 输出的 Div -->
<div id="WebGL-output"></div>
<!-- 用于统计 FPS 输出的 Div -->
<div id="Stats-output"></div>

<!-- 运行 Three.js 示例的 Javascript 代码 -->
<script type="text/javascript">

	var scene;
	var camera;
	var render;
	var controls;
	var stats;
	var guiControls;
	
	var cube;
	var sphere;
	var directionalLight;
	var shadowCameraHelper;

    $(function() {
		stats = initStats();
		
		scene = new THREE.Scene();
		camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(45, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000); // 2147483647
		camera.position.set(-30, 40, 30);
		render = new THREE.WebGLRenderer( {antialias: true} ); // antialias 抗锯齿
		render.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
		render.setClearColor(0xEEEEEE);
		render.shadowMap.enabled = true; // 允许阴影投射
		$('#WebGL-output')[0].appendChild(render.domElement);
		window.addEventListener('resize', onWindowResize, false);
		var target = new THREE.Vector3(scene.position.x, scene.position.y ,scene.position.z);
		controls = new THREE.OrbitControls(camera, render.domElement);
		controls.target = target;
		camera.lookAt(target);
		
		scene.add(new THREE.AxesHelper(20));// 加入坐标轴
		
		// 加入一个平面
		var planeGeometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(600, 200, 20, 20);
		var planeMaterial =  new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial( {color: 0xFFFFFF} );
		var plane = new THREE.Mesh(planeGeometry, planeMaterial);
		plane.rotation.x = -0.5 * Math.PI; // 沿着 X轴旋转-90°
		plane.position.x = 15; // 沿着 x轴右移 15个单位
		plane.position.y = 0; // y轴为 0
		plane.position.z = 0; // z轴为 0
		plane.receiveShadow = true; // 非线框几何平面接收阴影
		scene.add(plane);
		
		// 加入一个立方体
		var cubeGeometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(4, 4, 4);
		var cubeMaterial = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial( {color: 0xFF7777} );
		cube = new THREE.Mesh(cubeGeometry, cubeMaterial);
		cube.position.x = -4;
		cube.position.y = 3;
		cube.position.z = 0;
		cube.castShadow = true; // 立方体投射阴影
		scene.add(cube);
		
		// 加入一个球体
		var sphereGeometry = new THREE.SphereGeometry(4, 20, 20);
		var sphereMaterial = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial( {color: 0x7777FF} );
		sphere = new THREE.Mesh(sphereGeometry, sphereMaterial);
		sphere.position.x = 20;
		sphere.position.y = 4;
		sphere.position.z = 2;
		sphere.castShadow = true; // 球体投射阴影
		scene.add(sphere);
		
		// 加入一个环境光源
		var ambientLight = new THREE.AmbientLight(0x0c0c0c);
		scene.add(ambientLight);
		
		// 加入一个小球体来表示聚光灯位置
		sphereGeometry = new THREE.SphereGeometry(0.2, 20, 20);
		sphereMaterial = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial( {color: 0xac6c25} );
		var lightMesh = new THREE.Mesh(sphereGeometry, sphereMaterial);
		// 加入一个方向光：color 颜色, intensity 强度
		directionalLight = new THREE.DirectionalLight( 0xff5808, 0.5);
		directionalLight.position.set(-40, 60, -10);
		directionalLight.castShadow = true; // 光源产生阴影
		directionalLight.distance = 0;
		directionalLight.shadow.mapSize.set(2048, 2048); // 必须是 2的幂，默认值为 512
		directionalLight.shadow.camera.near = 2;
		directionalLight.shadow.camera.far = 100;
		directionalLight.shadow.camera.left = -50;
		directionalLight.shadow.camera.right = 50;
		directionalLight.shadow.camera.top = 50;
		directionalLight.shadow.camera.bottom = -50;
		directionalLight.target = plane;
		directionalLight.add(lightMesh);
		scene.add(directionalLight);
		
		/** 用来保存那些需要修改的变量 */
		guiControls = new function() {
			this.rotationSpeed = 0.02;
			this.bouncingSpeed = 0.04;
			this.ambientColor = '#1c1c1c';
			this.pointColor = '#ff5808';
			this.intensity = 1;
			this.distance = 0;
			this.debug = true;
			this.castShadow = true;
			this.disableLight = false;
			this.target = 'Plane';
			this.stopMoveLight = false;
		}
		/** 定义 dat.GUI 对象，并绑定 guiControls 的两个属性 */
		var gui = new dat.GUI();
		gui.addColor(guiControls, 'ambientColor').onChange( function(e) {
			ambientLight.color = new THREE.Color(e);
		});
		gui.addColor(guiControls, 'pointColor').onChange( function(e) {
			directionalLight.color = new THREE.Color(e);
		});
		gui.add(guiControls, 'intensity', 0, 3).onChange( function(e) {
			directionalLight.intensity = e;
		});
		gui.add(guiControls, 'distance', 0, 200).onChange( function(e) {
			directionalLight.distance = e;
		});
		gui.add(guiControls, 'debug').onChange(function(e) {
			updateShadowCamera();
		});
		gui.add(guiControls, 'castShadow').onChange(function(e) {
			directionalLight.castShadow = e;
		});
		gui.add(guiControls, 'disableLight').onChange(function(e) {
			directionalLight.visible = !e;
		});
		gui.add(guiControls, 'target', ['Plane', 'Cube', 'Sphere']).onChange(function(e) {
			switch (e) {
				case 'Plane':
					directionalLight.target = plane;
					break;
				case 'Cube':
					directionalLight.target = cube;
					break;
				case 'Sphere':
					directionalLight.target = sphere;
					break;
			}
		});
		gui.add(guiControls, 'stopMoveLight').onChange(function(e){
			this.stopMoveLight = e;
		});
		function updateShadowCamera() {
			scene.remove(scene.getObjectByName('shadowCameraHelper'));
			
			if (guiControls.debug) {
				shadowCameraHelper = new THREE.CameraHelper(directionalLight.shadow.camera);
				shadowCameraHelper.name = "shadowCameraHelper";
				scene.add(shadowCameraHelper);
			}
		}
		
		updateShadowCamera();
		renderScene();
    });
	
	/** 渲染场景 */
	function renderScene() {
		stats.update();
		rotateCube(); // 旋转立方体
		bounceSphere(); // 弹跳球体
		moveLight(); // 移动点光源及其小球
		requestAnimationFrame(renderScene);
		render.render(scene, camera);
	}
	
	/** 初始化 stats 统计对象 */
	function initStats() {
		stats = new Stats();
		stats.setMode(0); // 0 为监测 FPS；1 为监测渲染时间
		$('#Stats-output').append(stats.domElement);
		return stats;
	}
	
	/** 当浏览器窗口大小变化时触发 */
	function onWindowResize() {
		camera.aspect = window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight;
		camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
		render.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
	}
	
	/** 转动立方体 */
	function rotateCube() {
		cube.rotation.x += guiControls.rotationSpeed;
		cube.rotation.y += guiControls.rotationSpeed;
		cube.rotation.z += guiControls.rotationSpeed;
	}
	
	/** 弹跳球体 */
	var step = 0;
	function bounceSphere() {
		step += guiControls.bouncingSpeed;
		sphere.position.x = 20 + (10 * Math.cos(step));
		sphere.position.y = 2 + (10 * Math.abs(Math.sin(step)));
	}
	
	/** 移动点光源及其小球 */
	var phase = 0;
	function moveLight() {
		if (guiControls.stopMoveLight || !directionalLight)
			return;
		
		phase += guiControls.rotationSpeed;
		directionalLight.position.x = 15 + 30 * (Math.cos(phase));
		directionalLight.position.y = 30 * (Math.sin(phase));
	}

</script>
</body>
</html>

正如你所看到的，整个场景里没有那种锥形的光线。这种光源只用 direction 方向、color 颜色和 intensity 强度属性来计算颜色和阴影。方向光的属性大都与聚光灯光源相同，例如 position、target、intensity、distance、castShadow、shadow.camera.near、shadow.camera.far、shadow.camera.left、shadow.camera.right、shadow.camera.top、shadow.camera.bottom、shadow.mapSize.width、shadow.mapSize.height 和 shadow.bias 等。

细心的读者可能会发现，前面那个 SpotLight 聚光灯的例子中，我们必须定义生成阴影的光锥。但对于 DirectionalLight 方向光光源，由于所有光线都是平行的，所有不会有光锥的概念，取而代之的是一个方块，正如此示例中显示出来的 THREE.CameraHelper() 对象那样。这个方块包围对象的空间定义得越紧密，投影的效果越好。这主要是通过一些这些属性来定义的：

directionalLight.shadow.camera.near = 2;
directionalLight.shadow.camera.far = 100;
directionalLight.shadow.camera.left = -50;
directionalLight.shadow.camera.right = 50;
directionalLight.shadow.camera.top = 50;
directionalLight.shadow.camera.bottom = -50;

我们可以把这些设置跟之前“three.js 02-05 之相机”中的 OrthographicCamera 正投影相机的相关用法对比参照一下，含义几乎是相同的。

未完待续···