【STM32 HAL库】TB6612电机驱动

理论

TB6612简介

TB6612是一款双H桥电机驱动,每个H桥可以驱动一个直流电机
本质上讲,TB6612是一个电子开关,它根据接收到的PWM信号,来控制”开“与”关“,从而输出特定的电压,以此来驱动电机

使用与引脚说明

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VM
驱动电压输入端,给电机供电,驱动电机,接12V
驱动电压 = VM * PWM_Duty
VCC
逻辑电平输入端,给电机驱动模块供电,3.3v或5v
STBY
使能引脚,高电平(3.3v)使能,低电平失能
GND
电机驱动模块地端

1路电机(A)

PWMA
PWM输入引脚,根据接收到的PWM信号的占空比,输出电压
AIN1与AIN2
电机控制模式输入端,控制电机正反转

AIN1AIN2
00停止
01正转
10反转

A01与A02
驱动电压输出端,即驱动电机的实际电压,由接收到的PWMA的占空比与VM电压决定
A01与A02电压 = VM * PWMA_Duty

2路电机(B)同理

应用

CubeMX配置

配置IO口为GPIO_OutPut
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配置定时器产生PWM
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Keil5代码

启动电机

void Motor_Start(void)
{
	HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_1);
}

设置车轮速度

void Motor_SetSpeed(MotorDirection Mode,float speed)
{
	//356为我是用的电机最大转速,此if判断保证速度的合理性
	if(0 <= speed && speed <= 356)
	//速度转换为比较寄存器值的一元一次函数
	pulse = 1000 - 2.8086*speed;
	
	if(Mode == FORWARD)
	{
		HAL_GPIO_WritePin(AIN1_GPIO_Port,AIN1_Pin,GPIO_PIN_RESET);
		HAL_GPIO_WritePin(AIN2_GPIO_Port,AIN2_Pin,GPIO_PIN_SET);
	}
	if(Mode == BACKWARD)
	{
		HAL_GPIO_WritePin(AIN1_GPIO_Port,AIN1_Pin,GPIO_PIN_SET);
		HAL_GPIO_WritePin(AIN2_GPIO_Port,AIN2_Pin,GPIO_PIN_RESET);	
	}
	__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_1,pulse);
}

常见问题

为什么电机不转

硬件:

  • 电源开关未开启
  • 开发板未运行程序(试试RESET)
  • STBY引脚未达到3.3V
  • 电机故障(尝试给A01和A02施加电压差,检查电机是否转动)
  • TB6612电机驱动板故障(STBY接3.3V,BIN1接3.3V,BIN2接GND,PWM接3.3V,若电机不转且A01、A02为0V,驱动板可能有故障)

软件:

  • 未开启TIM定时器的PWM模式
  • 忘记为AIN1、AIN2赋值
### TB6612 HAL Driver Usage and Implementation For the TB6612 motor driver, implementing a Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) ensures that applications can control motors without delving into low-level hardware specifics. The following sections detail how to implement such a driver. #### Defining the Interface A well-defined interface is crucial for any HAL implementation. For TB6612, this involves setting up functions to initialize the device, set its operational parameters like PWM frequency, and provide methods to start/stop motors as well as adjust their speed[^1]. ```c typedef struct { uint8_t IN1; uint8_t IN2; uint8_t PWMA; } tb6612_config_t; void tb6612_init(tb6612_config_t *config); void tb6612_set_speed(int speed); void tb6612_start(); void tb6612_stop(); ``` #### Initialization Functionality Initialization sets up GPIO pins connected to `IN1`, `IN2` and `PWMA`. It configures these according to the microcontroller's capabilities and prepares them for operation by configuring pin modes appropriately. ```c void tb6612_init(tb6612_config_t *config) { // Configure GPIOs here based on provided configuration. } ``` #### Controlling Motor Speed Controlling motor speed typically requires Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). This function adjusts duty cycle values sent through the PWM channel linked with `PWMA`. ```c void tb6612_set_speed(int speed) { // Adjust PWM duty cycle corresponding to desired speed value. } ``` #### Starting/Stopping Motors Starting or stopping operations involve manipulating logic levels at `IN1` and `IN2`. These determine direction while enabling/disabling movement via pulse signals applied across both inputs simultaneously. ```c void tb6612_start() { // Set appropriate states for IN1 & IN2 to enable motion. } void tb6612_stop() { // Reset IN1 & IN2 to stop all movements. } ```
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