P10 | Saturated PFD technique (TCAS I-2018-01)

这篇文章做的是2.4GHz频段的Type I PLL,利用gain-boosted saturated PFD扩展了PLL的锁定范围,同时利用S&H电路的synchronous peak tracking loop filter降低了I类PLL的参考杂散。
提出的PLL框架如下:
在这里插入图片描述

什么叫saturated PFD?

如下图所示,传统PFD会存在一个cycle slipping的问题。

Conventional 3-state PFDs suffer from cycle-slipping, attributed to the reset of the PFD output signal when the input phase difference is 2n, where n = ±1, 2, 3 . . . , as shown in Fig. 4(a). The main concern with cycle slipping in a conventional Type-II loop is the reduced frequency acquisition speed. On the other hand, cycle slipping can also limit the frequency lock range in Type-I loops.

(b)和©的增益曲线都能克服这个问题。
在这里插入图片描述
文章提出的SPFD结构如下:
多加一级触发器可以在 Δ ϕ \Delta \phi Δϕ超过 2 π 2\pi 2π的时候钳住reset电平,保持恒定值不变。
在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述

Prior-art Tpe-I PLL

常见的I类PLL结构有这些:
在这里插入图片描述
值得一提的是(a)中的在前向路径中加一个Linear Amplifier来提高前向增益,从而提高PLL的锁定范围。
都是基于I类PLL这个公式作出的改变:
在这里插入图片描述

synchronous peak tracking loop filter

在这里插入图片描述
为了将采样的效果考虑进去,这篇文章采用了z变换来描述 θ e \theta_e θe V c t r V_{ctr} Vctr之间的关系:
在这里插入图片描述 在这里插入图片描述
这也许是将来离散化后的一种必要的分析方式。

参考文献

A. Sharkia, S. Aniruddhan, S. Mirabbasi and S. Shekhar, “A Compact, Voltage-Mode Type-I PLL With Gain-Boosted Saturated PFD and Synchronous Peak Tracking Loop Filter,” in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 43-53, Jan. 2019, doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2018.2858197.

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Power converters are electronic devices that convert electrical power from one form to another. They are widely used in various industrial and commercial applications, such as power supplies, motor drives, and renewable energy systems. Power converters can operate in different modes, including linear, switching, and current-saturated modes. The current-saturated mode is a specific operation mode of power converters where the output current reaches its maximum limit, and the device cannot deliver more power. In the current-saturated mode, the power converter operates at its maximum output current and voltage. This mode is typically used when the load demands more power than the converter can provide, or when the converter is designed to operate at maximum power. In this mode, the converter's internal components, such as the switches, diodes, and capacitors, are subjected to high thermal and electrical stresses, which can lead to device failure if not properly designed and protected. The potential risks of current-saturated operation of power converters include: 1. Overheating: The high current and voltage levels in the current-saturated mode can cause excessive heat generation, which can damage the converter's components and reduce its lifespan. 2. Electromagnetic interference: The high-frequency switching operation of power converters in the current-saturated mode can produce electromagnetic interference (EMI), which can interfere with other electronic devices and cause malfunction or damage. 3. Voltage and current spikes: The current-saturated mode can cause voltage and current spikes that can damage the load or other connected devices. To mitigate these risks, power converters must be properly designed, tested, and protected. The design should consider the maximum current and voltage limits, the thermal and electrical stresses, and the EMI emissions. The converter should also be equipped with protection circuits, such as overcurrent, overvoltage, and thermal protection, to prevent damage to the device and the load. Proper cooling and heat sinking techniques should also be employed to dissipate the heat generated during operation.
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